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Muhammad A, Srivastava R, Koutroumanis N, Semitekolos D, Chiavazzo E, Pappas PN, Galiotis C, Asinari P, Charitidis CA, Fasano M. Mesoscopic Modeling and Experimental Validation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites Reinforced By Graphene-Based Fillers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:9969-9982. [PMID: 38161324 PMCID: PMC10753874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanocomposites relies on structure-property relations, which necessitate multiscale modeling approaches. This study presents a modeling framework that exploits mesoscopic models to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites starting from their molecular structure. In detail, mesoscopic models of polypropylene (PP)- and graphene-based nanofillers (graphene (Gr), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)) are considered. The newly developed mesoscopic model for the PP/Gr nanocomposite provides mechanistic information on the thermal and mechanical properties at the filler-matrix interface, which can then be exploited to enhance the prediction accuracy of traditional continuum simulations by calibrating the thermal and mechanical properties of the filler-matrix interface. Once validated through a dedicated experimental campaign, this multiscale model demonstrates that with the modest addition of nanofillers (up to 2 wt %), the Young's modulus and thermal conductivity show up to 35 and 25% enhancement, respectively, whereas the Poisson's ratio slightly decreases. Among the different combinations tested, the PP/Gr nanocomposite shows the best mechanical properties, whereas PP/rGO demonstrates the best thermal conductivity. This validated mesoscopic model can contribute to the development of smart materials with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties based on polypropylene, especially for mechanical, energy storage, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Muhammad
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Mehran University
of Engineering and Technology, SZAB Campus, 66020 Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rajat Srivastava
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
- Department
of Engineering for Innovation, University
of Salento, Piazza Tancredi
7, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Koutroumanis
- Foundation
of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadioustr Rion26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionisis Semitekolos
- School
of Chemical Engineering, National Technical
University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Panagiotis-Nektarios Pappas
- Foundation
of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadioustr Rion26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Foundation
of Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute
of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadioustr Rion26504, Patras, Greece
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Caratheodory26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- School
of Chemical Engineering, National Technical
University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Matteo Fasano
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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Gkartzou E, Kontiza A, Zafeiris K, Mantzavinou E, Charitidis CA. A Methodological Framework for Assessing the Influence of Process Parameters on Strand Stability and Functional Performance in Fused Filament Fabrication. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7530. [PMID: 38138672 PMCID: PMC10744508 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
With an ever-increasing material and design space available for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology, fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures with functional performance offers unique opportunities for product customization and performance-driven design. However, ensuring the quality and functionality of FFF-printed parts remains a significant challenge, as material-, process-, and system-level factors introduce variability and potentially hinder the translation of bulk material properties in the respective FFF counterparts. To this end, the present study presents a methodological framework for assessing the influence of process parameters on FFF strand stability and functional performance through a systematic analysis of FFF structural elements (1D stacks of FFF strands and 3D blocks), in terms of dimensional deviation from nominal geometry and resistivity, corresponding to the printability and functionality attributes, respectively. The influence of printing parameters on strand stability was investigated in terms of dimensional accuracy and surface morphology, employing optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography (mCT) for dimensional deviation analysis. In parallel, electrical resistance measurements were carried out to assess the effect of different process parameter combinations and toolpath patterns on functional performance. In low-level structural elements, strand height (H) was found to induce the greatest influence on FFF strand dimensional accuracy and resistivity, with higher H values leading to a reduction in resistivity of up to 38% in comparison with filament feedstock; however, this occurred at the cost of increased dimensional deviation. At higher structural levels, the overall effect of process parameters was found to be less pronounced, indicating that the translation of 1D strand properties to 3D blocks is subject to a trade-off due to competing mechanisms that facilitate/hinder current flow. Overall, the proposed framework enables the quantification of the influence of process parameters on the selected response variables, contributing to the development of standard operating procedures and recommendations for selecting optimal process parameters to achieve the desired process stability and functional performance in FFF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.G.); (A.K.); (K.Z.)
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3
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Kaliampakou C, Lagopati N, Pavlatou EA, Charitidis CA. Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffolds; An Optimization of Post-Printing Treatment for Enhanced Degradation and Swelling Behavior. Gels 2023; 9:857. [PMID: 37998946 PMCID: PMC10671076 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of 3D structures comprises three interlinked phases: material development, the printing process, and post-printing treatment. Numerous factors control all three phases, making the optimization of the entire process a challenging task. Until now, the state of the art has mainly focused on optimizing material processability and calibration of the printing process. However, after the successful Direct Ink Writing (DIW) of a hydrogel scaffold, the post-printing stage holds equal importance, as this allows for the treatment of the structure to ensure the preservation of its structural integrity for a duration that is sufficient to enable successful cell attachment and proliferation before undergoing degradation. Despite this stage's pivotal role, there is a lack of extensive literature covering its optimization. By studying the crosslinking factors and leveling the post-treatment settings of alginate-gelatin hydrogel, this study proposes a method to enhance scaffolds' degradation without compromising the targeted swelling behavior. It introduces an experimental design implementing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Design of Experiments (DoE), which elucidated the key parameters influencing scaffold degradation and swelling, and established an alginate ratio of 8% and being immersed for 15 min in 0.248 M CaCl2 as the optimal level configuration that generates a solution of 0.964 desirability, reaching a degradation time of 19.654 days and the swelling ratio of 50.00%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaliampakou
- RNanoLab, Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Zografos Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon, Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNanoLab, Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Zografos Campus, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon, Polytechniou St., 15780 Athens, Greece;
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4
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Gakis GP, Aviziotis IG, Charitidis CA. A structure-activity approach towards the toxicity assessment of multicomponent metal oxide nanomaterials. Nanoscale 2023; 15:16432-16446. [PMID: 37791566 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The increase of human and environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) due to the emergence of nanotechnology has raised concerns over their safety. The challenging nature of in vivo and in vitro toxicity assessment methods for ENMs, has led to emerging in silico techniques for ENM toxicity assessment, such as structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. Although such approaches have been extensively developed for the case of single-component nanomaterials, the case of multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) has not been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, we present a SAR approach for the case metal and metal oxide MCNMs. The developed SAR framework is built using a dataset of 796 individual toxicity measurements for 340 different MCNMs, towards human cells, mammalian cells, and bacteria. The novelty of the approach lies in the multicomponent nature of the nanomaterials, as well as the size, diversity and heterogeneous nature of the dataset used. Furthermore, the approach used to calculate descriptors for surface loaded MCNMs, and the mechanistic insight provided by the model results can assist the understanding of MCNM toxicity. The developed models are able to correctly predict the toxic class of the MCNMs in the heterogeneous dataset, towards a wide range of human cells, mammalian cells and bacteria. Using the abovementioned approach, the principal toxicity pathways and mechanisms are identified, allowing a more holistic understanding of metal oxide MCNM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Gakis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - I G Aviziotis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
| | - C A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou Street, Zografos, Athens 15780, Greece.
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5
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Asaftei M, Lucidi M, Cirtoaje C, Holban AM, Charitidis CA, Yang F, Wu A, Stanciu GA, Sağlam Ö, Lazar V, Visca P, Stanciu SG. Fighting bacterial pathogens with carbon nanotubes: focused review of recent progress. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19682-19694. [PMID: 37396836 PMCID: PMC10308885 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast and global spread of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics results in a great and urgent need for alternative antibacterial agents and therapeutic strategies. Recent studies on the application of nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents have demonstrated their potential for the management of infectious diseases. Among the diverse palette of nanomaterials currently used in biomedical applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained massive interest given their many valuable properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, tensile strength, flexibility convenient aspect ratio, and low fabrication costs. All these features are augmented by facile conjugation with functional groups. CNTs are currently available in many configurations, with two main categories being single-walled and multi-walled CNTs, depending on the number of rolled-up single-layer carbon atoms sheets making up the nanostructure. Both classes have been identified over the past years as promising antibacterial agents but the current level of understanding of their efficiency still harbors many pending questions. This mini-review surveys recent progress on the topic of antibacterial effects of CNTs and examines the proposed mechanisms of action(s) of different CNT typologies, placing the main focus on past studies addressing the antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, two prototypical Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Asaftei
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest Romania
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bucharest Romania
| | - Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University Rome 00146 Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center Palermo 90133 Italy
| | | | | | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Greece
| | - Fang Yang
- CIXI Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute for Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- CIXI Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute for Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences China
| | - George A Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest Romania
| | - Özge Sağlam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, İzmir University of Economics Turkey
| | - Veronica Lazar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bucharest Romania
| | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University Rome 00146 Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS Rome 00179 Italy
| | - Stefan G Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest Romania
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6
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Stanciu SG, König K, Song YM, Wolf L, Charitidis CA, Bianchini P, Goetz M. Toward next-generation endoscopes integrating biomimetic video systems, nonlinear optical microscopy, and deep learning. Biophys Rev (Melville) 2023; 4:021307. [PMID: 38510341 PMCID: PMC10903409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will approximately double by 2050. This progressive increase in the elderly population will lead to a dramatic growth of age-related diseases, resulting in tremendous pressure on the sustainability of healthcare systems globally. In this context, finding more efficient ways to address cancers, a set of diseases whose incidence is correlated with age, is of utmost importance. Prevention of cancers to decrease morbidity relies on the identification of precursor lesions before the onset of the disease, or at least diagnosis at an early stage. In this article, after briefly discussing some of the most prominent endoscopic approaches for gastric cancer diagnostics, we review relevant progress in three emerging technologies that have significant potential to play pivotal roles in next-generation endoscopy systems: biomimetic vision (with special focus on compound eye cameras), non-linear optical microscopies, and Deep Learning. Such systems are urgently needed to enhance the three major steps required for the successful diagnostics of gastrointestinal cancers: detection, characterization, and confirmation of suspicious lesions. In the final part, we discuss challenges that lie en route to translating these technologies to next-generation endoscopes that could enhance gastrointestinal imaging, and depict a possible configuration of a system capable of (i) biomimetic endoscopic vision enabling easier detection of lesions, (ii) label-free in vivo tissue characterization, and (iii) intelligently automated gastrointestinal cancer diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Lior Wolf
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martin Goetz
- Medizinische Klinik IV-Gastroenterologie/Onkologie, Kliniken Böblingen, Klinikverbund Südwest, Böblingen, Germany
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7
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Horbach SPJM, Bouter LM, Gaskell G, Hiney M, Kavouras P, Mejlgaard N, Allum N, Aubert Bonn N, Bendtsen AK, Charitidis CA, Claesen N, Dierickx K, Domaradzka A, Elizondo AR, Föger N, Kaltenbrunner W, Konach T, Labib K, Marušić A, Pizzolato D, Ravn T, Roje R, Sørensen MP, Taraj B, Veltri GA, Tijdink JK. Designing and implementing a research integrity promotion plan: Recommendations for research funders. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001773. [PMID: 35984842 PMCID: PMC9432753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stakeholders in science have put research integrity high on their agenda. Among them, research funders are prominently placed to foster research integrity by requiring that the organizations and individual researchers they support make an explicit commitment to research integrity. Moreover, funders need to adopt appropriate research integrity practices themselves. To facilitate this, we recommend that funders develop and implement a Research Integrity Promotion Plan (RIPP). This Consensus View offers a range of examples of how funders are already promoting research integrity, distills 6 core topics that funders should cover in a RIPP, and provides guidelines on how to develop and implement a RIPP. We believe that the 6 core topics we put forward will guide funders towards strengthening research integrity policy in their organization and guide the researchers and research organizations they fund.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lex M. Bouter
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George Gaskell
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nick Allum
- University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Noémie Aubert Bonn
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nik Claesen
- European Association of Research Managers and Administrators, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Anna Domaradzka
- Robert Zajonc Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Reyes Elizondo
- Centre for Science an Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Föger
- Austrian Agency for Research Integrity, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Krishma Labib
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Marušić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Rea Roje
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Borana Taraj
- European Association of Research Managers and Administrators, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joeri K. Tijdink
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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8
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Konstantopoulos G, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Digital Innovation Enabled Nanomaterial Manufacturing; Machine Learning Strategies and Green Perspectives. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12152646. [PMID: 35957077 PMCID: PMC9370746 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning has been an emerging scientific field serving the modern multidisciplinary needs in the Materials Science and Manufacturing sector. The taxonomy and mapping of nanomaterial properties based on data analytics is going to ensure safe and green manufacturing with consciousness raised on effective resource management. The utilization of predictive modelling tools empowered with artificial intelligence (AI) has proposed novel paths in materials discovery and optimization, while it can further stimulate the cutting-edge and data-driven design of a tailored behavioral profile of nanomaterials to serve the special needs of application environments. The previous knowledge of the physics and mathematical representation of material behaviors, as well as the utilization of already generated testing data, received specific attention by scientists. However, the exploration of available information is not always manageable, and machine intelligence can efficiently (computational resources, time) meet this challenge via high-throughput multidimensional search exploration capabilities. Moreover, the modelling of bio-chemical interactions with the environment and living organisms has been demonstrated to connect chemical structure with acute or tolerable effects upon exposure. Thus, in this review, a summary of recent computational developments is provided with the aim to cover excelling research and present challenges towards unbiased, decentralized, and data-driven decision-making, in relation to increased impact in the field of advanced nanomaterials manufacturing and nanoinformatics, and to indicate the steps required to realize rapid, safe, and circular-by-design nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Konstantopoulos
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR15773 Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), Boulevard Edmond Machtens 79/22, 1080 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR15773 Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
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9
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Antonello G, Marucco A, Gazzano E, Kainourgios P, Ravagli C, Gonzalez-Paredes A, Sprio S, Padín-González E, Soliman MG, Beal D, Barbero F, Gasco P, Baldi G, Carriere M, Monopoli MP, Charitidis CA, Bergamaschi E, Fenoglio I, Riganti C. Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:49. [PMID: 35854319 PMCID: PMC9297619 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of nano-biomaterials (NBMs) has increased the chance of human exposure. Although ingestion is one of the major routes of exposure to NBMs, it is not thoroughly studied to date. NBMs are expected to be dramatically modified following the transit into the oral-gastric-intestinal (OGI) tract. How these transformations affect their interaction with intestinal cells is still poorly understood. NBMs of different chemical nature—lipid-surfactant nanoparticles (LSNPs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), surface modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HNPs)—were treated in a simulated human digestive system (SHDS) and then characterised. The biological effects of SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs were evaluated on primary (HCoEpiC) and immortalised (Caco-2, HCT116) epithelial intestinal cells and on an intestinal barrier model. Results The application of the in vitro SDHS modified the biocompatibility of NBMs on gastrointestinal cells. The differences between SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs could be attributed to the irreversible modification of the NBMs in the SHDS. Aggregation was detected for all NBMs regardless of their chemical nature, while pH- or enzyme-mediated partial degradation was detected for hydroxyapatite or polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The formation of a bio-corona, which contains proteases, was also demonstrated on all the analysed NBMs. In viability assays, undifferentiated primary cells were more sensitive than immortalised cells to digested NBMs, but neither pristine nor treated NBMs affected the intestinal barrier viability and permeability. SHDS-treated NBMs up-regulated the tight junction genes (claudin 3 and 5, occludin, zonula occludens 1) in intestinal barrier, with different patterns between each NBM, and increase the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-10). Notably, none of these NBMs showed any significant genotoxic effect. Conclusions Overall, the results add a piece of evidence on the importance of applying validated in vitro SHDS models for the assessment of NBM intestinal toxicity/biocompatibility. We propose the association of chemical and microscopic characterization, SHDS and in vitro tests on both immortalised and primary cells as a robust screening pipeline useful to monitor the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ingested NBMs and their effects on intestinal cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kainourgios
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | | | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Esperanza Padín-González
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud G Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Beal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Semitekolos D, Konstantopoulos G, Trompeta AF, Jones C, Rana A, Graham C, Giorcelli M, Tagliaferro A, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Mechanical Properties, Surface Assessment, and Structural Analysis of Functionalized CFRPs after Accelerated Weathering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234092. [PMID: 34883595 PMCID: PMC8658828 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effect of two novel carbon fibre surface treatments, electropolymerisation of methacrylic acid and air pressure plasma, on the mechanical properties and structural integrity of carbon-fibre-reinforced composites under operational conditions. Extensive mechanical testing was applied, both in nano- and macro-scale, to assess the performance of the composites and the interphase properties after ultraviolet/humidity weathering. The results of the mechanical assessment are supported by structure, surface, and chemistry examination in order to reveal the failure mechanism of the composites. Composites with the electropolymerisation treatment exhibited an increase of 11.8% in interlaminar shear strength, while APP treatment improved the property of 23.9%, rendering both surface treatments effective in increasing the fibre-matrix adhesion. Finally, it was proven that the developed composites can withstand operational conditions in the long term, rendering them suitable for a wide variety of structural and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisis Semitekolos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Georgios Konstantopoulos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
| | - Craig Jones
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Amit Rana
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Graham
- The Welding Institute, Granta Park Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, UK; (C.J.); (A.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), Rue Koningin Astridlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou, GR-15780 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (G.K.); (A.-F.T.); (E.P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107724030
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11
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Mejlgaard N, Bouter LM, Gaskell G, Kavouras P, Allum N, Bendtsen AK, Charitidis CA, Claesen N, Dierickx K, Domaradzka A, Reyes Elizondo A, Foeger N, Hiney M, Kaltenbrunner W, Labib K, Marušić A, Sørensen MP, Ravn T, Ščepanović R, Tijdink JK, Veltri GA. Research integrity: nine ways to move from talk to walk. Nature 2021; 586:358-360. [PMID: 33041342 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Stanciu SG, Latterini L, Charitidis CA. Editorial: Recent Trends in Optical and Mechanical Characterization of Nanomaterials. Front Chem 2020; 8:564014. [PMID: 33134272 PMCID: PMC7567032 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.564014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Latterini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Petrakli F, Gkika A, Bonou A, Karayannis P, Koumoulos EP, Semitekolos D, Trompeta AF, Rocha N, Santos RM, Simmonds G, Monaghan G, Valota G, Gong G, Charitidis CA. End-of-Life Recycling Options of (Nano)Enhanced CFRP Composite Prototypes Waste-A Life Cycle Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2129. [PMID: 32961922 PMCID: PMC7570043 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Life cycle assessment is a methodology to assess environmental impacts associated with a product or system/process by accounting resource requirements and emissions over its life cycle. The life cycle consists of four stages: material production, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life. This study highlights the need to conduct life cycle assessment (LCA) early in the new product development process, as a means to assess and evaluate the environmental impacts of (nano)enhanced carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) prototypes over their entire life cycle. These prototypes, namely SleekFast sailing boat and handbrake lever, were manufactured by functionalized carbon fibre fabric and modified epoxy resin with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The environmental impacts of both have been assessed via LCA with a functional unit of '1 product piece'. Climate change has been selected as the key impact indicator for hotspot identification (kg CO2 eq). Significant focus has been given to the end-of-life phase by assessing different recycling scenarios. In addition, the respective life cycle inventories (LCIs) are provided, enabling the identification of resource hot spots and quantifying the environmental benefits of end-of-life options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Petrakli
- IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astritlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (F.P.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Anastasia Gkika
- IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astritlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (F.P.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Alexandra Bonou
- IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astritlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (F.P.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Panagiotis Karayannis
- IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astritlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (F.P.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- IRES—Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions, Rue Koningin Astritlaan 59B, 1780 Wemmel, Belgium; (F.P.); (A.G.); (A.B.); (P.K.)
- RNANO Lab.—Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Dionisis Semitekolos
- RNANO Lab.—Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- RNANO Lab.—Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Nuno Rocha
- INEGI—Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management & LAETA—Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics, FEUP Campus, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (N.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Raquel M. Santos
- INEGI—Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management & LAETA—Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics, FEUP Campus, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (N.R.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Guy Simmonds
- AP&M—Anthony, Patrick and Murta Exportacao, Estrada Nacional 120-Falfeira—Lagos, 8600-308 Lagos, Portugal;
| | - Glen Monaghan
- GSG—Global Safe Guard Ltd., 2 Longhorsley, Morpeth NE65 8RX, UK;
| | - Giorgio Valota
- Brembo S.p.A, CURNO (Bergamo)—Via Brembo, 25, 24035 Curno, Italy;
| | - Guan Gong
- RISE SICOMP AB, Fibervägen 2, 943 33 Öjebyn, Sweden;
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNANO Lab.—Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.); (C.A.C.)
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Xiarchos I, Morozinis AK, Kavouras P, Charitidis CA. Nanocharacterization, Materials Modeling, and Research Integrity as Enablers of Sound Risk Assessment: Designing Responsible Nanotechnology. Small 2020; 16:e2001590. [PMID: 32656997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, as a mature enabling technology, has great potential to boost societal welfare. However, nanomaterials' current and foreseen applications raise serious concerns about their impact on human health and the environment. These concerns emerge because a reliable risk assessment in nanotechnology is yet to be achieved. The reasons for such a shortcoming are the inherent difficulties in characterizing nanomaterials properties. The interaction of characterization with modeling is an open issue and, due to overarching concerns about the reliability of research results, usually framed within the context of research integrity. This essay explores the connection between these different, but deeply intertwined concerns and the way they enable the production of responsible nanotechnology, i.e., nanotechnology devoted to societal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Xiarchos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Morozinis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kavouras
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials, and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., Zographos, Athens, 15780, Greece
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15
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Brasinika D, Koumoulos EP, Kyriakidou K, Gkartzou E, Kritikou M, Karoussis IK, Charitidis CA. Mechanical Enhancement of Cytocompatible 3D Scaffolds, Consisting of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals and Natural Biomolecules, Through Physical Cross-Linking. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030096. [PMID: 32825042 PMCID: PMC7552716 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired scaffolds mimicking natural bone-tissue properties holds great promise in tissue engineering applications towards bone regeneration. Within this work, a way to reinforce mechanical behavior of bioinspired bone scaffolds was examined by applying a physical crosslinking method. Scaffolds consisted of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals, biomimetically synthesized in the presence of collagen and l-arginine. Scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microcomputed tomography, and nanoindentation. Results revealed scaffolds with bone-like nanostructure and composition, thus an inherent enhanced cytocompatibility. Evaluation of porosity proved the development of interconnected porous network with bimodal pore size distribution. Mechanical reinforcement was achieved through physical crosslinking with riboflavin irradiation, and nanoindentation tests indicated that within the experimental conditions of 45% humidity and 37 °C, photo-crosslinking led to an increase in the scaffold’s mechanical properties. Elastic modulus and hardness were augmented, and specifically elastic modulus values were doubled, approaching equivalent values of trabecular bone. Cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed using MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Cell viability was evaluated by double staining and MTT assay, while attachment and morphology were investigated by SEM. The results suggested that scaffolds provided a cell friendly environment with high levels of viability, thus supporting cell attachment, spreading and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Brasinika
- BioG3D–New 3D printing technologies, 1 Lavriou Str., Technological & Cultural Park of Lavrion, 19500 Lavrion, Greece;
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.P.K.); (E.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyriaki Kyriakidou
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (I.K.K.)
| | - Eleni Gkartzou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.P.K.); (E.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Kritikou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.P.K.); (E.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Ioannis K. Karoussis
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (I.K.K.)
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (E.P.K.); (E.G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107724046
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16
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Semitekolos D, Trompeta AF, Husarova I, Man’ko T, Potapov A, Romenskaya O, Liang Y, Li X, Giorcelli M, Dong H, Tagliaferro A, Charitidis CA. Comparative Physical-Mechanical Properties Assessment of Tailored Surface-Treated Carbon Fibres. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13143136. [PMID: 32674389 PMCID: PMC7411713 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon Fibres (CFs) are widely used in textile-reinforced composites for the construction of lightweight, durable structures. Since their inert surface does not allow effective bonding with the matrix material, the surface treatment of fibres is suggested to improve the adhesion between the two. In the present study, different surface modifications are compared in terms of the mechanical enhancement that they can offer to the fibres. Two main advanced technologies have been investigated; namely, plasma treatment and electrochemical treatment. Specifically, active screen plasma and low-pressure plasma were compared. Regarding the electrochemical modification, electrochemical oxidation and electropolymerisation of monomer solutions of acrylic and methacrylic acids, acrylonitrile and N-vinyl pyrrolidine were tested for HTA-40 CFs. In order to assess the effects of the surface treatments, the morphology, the physicochemical properties, as well as the mechanical integrity of the fibres were investigated. The CF surface and polymeric matrix interphase adhesion in composites were also analysed. The improvement of the carbon fibre’s physical–mechanical properties was evident for the case of the active screen plasma treatment and the electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisis Semitekolos
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR15780 Zographou, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR15780 Zographou, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.)
| | - Iryna Husarova
- Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Krivorozhskaya Street 3, 49008 Dnipro, Ukraine; (I.H.); (T.M.); (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Tamara Man’ko
- Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Krivorozhskaya Street 3, 49008 Dnipro, Ukraine; (I.H.); (T.M.); (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Aleksandr Potapov
- Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Krivorozhskaya Street 3, 49008 Dnipro, Ukraine; (I.H.); (T.M.); (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Romenskaya
- Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Krivorozhskaya Street 3, 49008 Dnipro, Ukraine; (I.H.); (T.M.); (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Yana Liang
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SE, UK; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SE, UK; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Hanshan Dong
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SE, UK; (Y.L.); (X.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy; (M.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (R-NanoLab), Materials Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou str., GR15780 Zographou, Greece; (D.S.); (A.-F.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-772-4046
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17
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Konstantopoulos G, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Testing Novel Portland Cement Formulations with Carbon Nanotubes and Intrinsic Properties Revelation: Nanoindentation Analysis with Machine Learning on Microstructure Identification. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10040645. [PMID: 32235614 PMCID: PMC7221838 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation was utilized as a non-destructive technique to identify Portland Cement hydration phases. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and semi-supervised Machine Learning (ML) were used for knowledge gain on the effect of carbon nanotubes to nanomechanics in novel cement formulations. Data labelling is performed with unsupervised ML with k-means clustering. Supervised ML classification is used in order to predict the hydration products composition and 97.6% accuracy was achieved. Analysis included multiple nanoindentation raw data variables, and required less time to execute than conventional single component probability density analysis (PDA). Also, PDA was less informative than ML regarding information exchange and re-usability of input in design predictions. In principle, ML is the appropriate science for predictive modeling, such as cement phase identification and facilitates the acquisition of precise results. This study introduces unbiased structure-property relations with ML to monitor cement durability based on cement phases nanomechanics compared to PDA, which offers a solution based on local optima of a multidimensional space solution. Evaluation of nanomaterials inclusion in composite reinforcement using semi-supervised ML was proved feasible. This methodology is expected to contribute to design informatics due to the high prediction metrics, which holds promise for the transfer learning potential of these models for studying other novel cement formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Konstantopoulos
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Elias P. Koumoulos
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
- Innovation in Research & Engineering Solutions (IRES), Boulevard Edmond Machtens 79/22, 1080 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: or
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- RNANO Lab—Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15773 Zographos Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (C.A.C.)
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18
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Soulis S, Dragatogiannis DA, Charitidis CA. A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Soulis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Dimitris A. Dragatogiannis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
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19
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Kaliva M, Georgopoulou A, Dragatogiannis DA, Charitidis CA, Chatzinikolaidou M, Vamvakaki M. Biodegradable Chitosan- graft-Poly(l-lactide) Copolymers For Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E316. [PMID: 32033024 PMCID: PMC7077469 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of new biomaterials with adjustable physicochemical and biological properties for tissue engineering applications have attracted great interest. In this work, chitosan-graft-poly(l-lactide) (CS-g-PLLA) copolymers were prepared by chemically binding poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) chains along chitosan (CS) via the "grafting to" approach to obtain hybrid biomaterials that present enhanced mechanical stability, due to the presence of PLLA, and high bioactivity, conferred by CS. Two graft copolymers were prepared, CS-g-PLLA(80/20) and CS-g-PLLA(50/50), containing 82 wt % and 55 wt % CS, respectively. Degradation studies of compressed discs of the copolymers showed that the degradation rate increased with the CS content of the copolymer. Nanomechanical studies in the dry state indicated that the copolymer with the higher CS content had larger Young modulus, reduced modulus and hardness values, whereas the moduli and hardness decreased rapidly following immersion of the copolymer discs in alpha-MEM cell culture medium for 24 h. Finally, the bioactivity of the hybrid copolymers was evaluated in the adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells. In vitro studies showed that MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited strong adhesion on both CS-g-PLLA graft copolymer films from the first day in cell culture, whereas the copolymer with the higher PLLA content, CS-g-PLLA(50/50), supported higher cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kaliva
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.); (M.V.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anthie Georgopoulou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zographou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.A.D.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano Materials & Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., Zographou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (D.A.D.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.); (M.V.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (M.C.); (M.V.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
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Bondavalli P, Martin MB, Hamidouche L, Montanaro A, Trompeta AF, Charitidis CA. Nano-Graphitic based Non-Volatile Memories Fabricated by the Dynamic Spray-Gun Deposition Method. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:E95. [PMID: 30699917 PMCID: PMC6412718 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the fabrication of Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) based on oxidized carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Stable suspensions of oxidized CNFs have been prepared in water and sprayed on an appropriate substrate, using the dynamic spray-gun deposition method, developed at Thales Research and Technology. This technique allows extremely uniform mats to be produced while heating the substrate at the boiling point of the solvent used for the suspensions. A thickness of around 150 nm of CNFs sandwiched between two metal layers (the metalized substrate and the top contacts) has been achieved, creating a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structure typical of ReRAM. After applying a bias, we were able to change the resistance of the oxidized layer between a low (LRS) and a high resistance state (HRS) in a completely reversible way. This is the first time that a scientific group has produced this kind of device using CNFs and these results pave the way for the further implementation of this kind of memory on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bondavalli
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | | | - Louiza Hamidouche
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Alberto Montanaro
- Thales Research and Technology, 1 Av Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou st., Zografos, GR-15773 Athens, Greece.
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechneiou st., Zografos, GR-15773 Athens, Greece.
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Trompeta AFA, Preiss I, Ben-Ami F, Benayahu Y, Charitidis CA. Toxicity testing of MWCNTs to aquatic organisms. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36707-36716. [PMID: 35539094 PMCID: PMC9075126 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in global production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as their use in polymer nanocomposites has raised concerns as to their possible effects on the marine environment that could ultimately affect human populations. Specifically, CNTs have already been tested in antifouling formulations for the prevention of biofouling, mainly to protect ships' hulls, as well as in composite materials that come in contact with seawater. At this point, it seems crucial to assess the possible effects of CNTs on aquatic organisms and assess their toxicity. Thus, in this study, three different model organisms were selected for toxicity testing: Daphnia magna water flea, Artemia salina nauplii and Danio rerio zebrafish. The CNTs that were tested have been produced in house via the chemical vapour deposition method and were fully characterised in order to understand the effect of their properties on the aquatic organisms. In this study pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as functionalised with carboxyl groups were used. Dispersion issues were evident in all tests, both for the pristine and functionalised carbon nanotubes, thus their toxicity could not be determined in relation to their concentration. To overcome this issue, optical observation of the organisms took place. MWCNT black aggregates were clearly observed in the intestine of A. salina. Following an additional 24 h in seawater the intestine appeared clean and restored to its normal appearance. This observation leads to the conclusion that MWCNTs did not prove to be fatal to D. magna and A. salina despite their presence in the digestive track of both non-target organisms. These results show that MWCNTs do not affect the non-target organisms in the short term, thus their use in antifouling coatings and composite materials for maritime applications can be further investigated. Optical observation of Artemia salina′s intestine after 100 mg L−1 MWCNT-COOH exposure: the intestine appeared clean and restored to its normal appearance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini-Flora A. Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- National Technical University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
| | - Iris Preiss
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Frida Ben-Ami
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Yehuda Benayahu
- School of Zoology
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical Engineering
- National Technical University of Athens
- Athens
- Greece
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Michelakaki I, Boukos N, Dragatogiannis DA, Stathopoulos S, Charitidis CA, Tsoukalas D. Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:1868-1880. [PMID: 30013881 PMCID: PMC6036986 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we study the fabrication and characterization of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle thin films. Hafnium nanoparticles were grown in vacuum by magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation. The as deposited nanoparticles have a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure, they possess truncated hexagonal biprism shape and are prone to surface oxidation when exposed to ambient air forming core-shell Hf/HfO2 structures. Hafnium nanoparticle thin films were formed through energetic nanoparticle deposition. This technique allows for the control of the energy of charged nanoparticles during vacuum deposition. The structural and nanomechanical properties of the nanoparticle thin films were investigated as a function of the kinetic energy of the nanoparticles. The results reveal that by proper adjustment of the nanoparticle energy, hexagonal close-packed porous nanoparticle thin films with good mechanical properties can be formed, without any additional treatment. It is shown that these films can be patterned on the substrate in sub-micrometer dimensions using conventional lithography while their porosity can be well controlled. The fabrication and experimental characterization of hafnium nanoparticles is reported for the first time in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Michelakaki
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., Aghia Paraskevi - Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Dragatogiannis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Spyros Stathopoulos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Politechniou 9, Zographou - Athens, 15780, Greece
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Mosnáčková K, Špitálský Z, Kuliček J, Prokeš J, Skarmoutsou A, Charitidis CA, Omastová M. Influence of preparation methods on the electrical and nanomechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Mosnáčková
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Špitálský
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Kuliček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Jan Prokeš
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University in Prague; 182 00 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Amalia Skarmoutsou
- School of Chemical Engineering; National Technical University of Athens; 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zographos 157 80 Athens Greece
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering; National Technical University of Athens; 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zographos 157 80 Athens Greece
| | - Mária Omastová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
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Velicu IL, Neagu M, Costinescu L, Munteanu D, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA. Nanomechanical Properties of Amorphous FeCuNbSiB Thin Films Deposited by HiPIMS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2013.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Skarmoutsou A, Lolas G, Charitidis CA, Chatzinikolaidou M, Vamvakaki M, Farsari M. Nanomechanical properties of hybrid coatings for bone tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 25:48-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chatzipavlidis A, Bilalis P, Tziveleka LA, Boukos N, Charitidis CA, Kordas G. Nanostructuring the surface of dual responsive hollow polymer microspheres for versatile utilization in nanomedicine-related applications. Langmuir 2013; 29:9562-9572. [PMID: 23862698 DOI: 10.1021/la401689c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of hollow polymer microspheres responsive to various stimuli comprises a promising approach for the development of multifunctional and efficient systems for various nanomedicine-related applications. In this paper, we present the preparation of poly(methacrylic acid-co-N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine) (PMAA(S-S)) hollow microspheres following a two-stage distillation precipitation polymerization procedure. Magnetic and silver nanocrystals were chemically grown on the surface of the hollow polymer microspheres, resulting in a composite system with interesting properties. We evaluated the performance of the composite hollow microspheres as magnetic hyperthermia mediators and their surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy activity. Assessment of Daunorubicin-loaded PMAA(S-S) hollow microspheres performance as effective drug carriers was carried out through drug release experiments upon application of different pH and reducing conditions. pH and redox responsiveness as well as basic mechanisms of release profiles are discussed. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of empty and drug-loaded PMAA(S-S) hollow microspheres against MCF-7 cancer cells was investigated in order to evaluate their performance as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chatzipavlidis
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Processes, Nanotechnology & Microsystems, NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens GR-15310, Greece
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Terzaki K, Kissamitaki M, Skarmoutsou A, Fotakis C, Charitidis CA, Farsari M, Vamvakaki M, Chatzinikolaidou M. Pre-osteoblastic cell response on three-dimensional, organic-inorganic hybrid material scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2283-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tapeinos C, Efthimiadou EK, Boukos N, Charitidis CA, Koklioti M, Kordas G. Microspheres as therapeutic delivery agents: synthesis and biological evaluation of pH responsiveness. J Mater Chem B 2012; 1:194-203. [PMID: 32260692 DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A soft template method was used for the synthesis of pH-responsive microcontainers with an inner cavity. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres of narrow size distribution were synthesized by soap-free radical emulsion polymerization and the coating of the microspheres was carried out by the same procedure. The procedure consists of two steps. In the first step the sacrificial template is synthesized and in the second step the shell is formed. Acrylic acid was used as a coating monomer, with the aim of introducing pH sensitivity in the synthesized microcontainers. A loading and release study of the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (DOX) was also carried out. The toxicity evaluation of the drug was carried out using the MTT assay, and the necrotic effect was studied using trypan blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tapeinos
- NCSR "Demokritos", Sol-Gel Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Materials, Physicochemical Properties, Nanotechnology and Microsystems, 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece.
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Charitidis CA, Karakasidis TE, Kavouras P, Karakostas T. The size effect of crystalline inclusions on the fracture modes in glass-ceramic materials. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:266209. [PMID: 21694086 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/26/266209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The main parameters influencing the mechanical performance of glass-ceramic materials are the shape and mean size of the ceramic phase, i.e. the crystalline inclusions. The aim of the present work is twofold: first, to study the effect of the above parameters on the modes of fracture in two kinds of glass-ceramic materials by the use of the static microindentation technique; second, to interpret the experimental results by the application of a simple physical model. It was found that reduction in the size of granularly shaped crystallite inclusions or reduction of the width of needle-like crystalline inclusions results in an increase of the extent of crack propagation, while the fracture mode shifts from intergranular to transgranular. These observations were successfully interpreted in terms of energetic arguments related to the size of the crystalline inclusions with respect to the width of a disordered zone acting as an interface between them and the amorphous matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Charitidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon, Polytechniou street, Zografos, GR-157 80 Athens, Greece
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