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Ellisor DL, Bayless AL, Schock TB, Davis WC, Knott BT, Seghers J, Leys H, Emteborg H. Multi-omics characterization of NIST seafood reference materials and alternative matrix preparations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:773-785. [PMID: 37723254 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has prepared four seafood reference materials (RMs) for use in food safety and nutrition studies: wild-caught and aquacultured salmon (RM 8256 and RM 8257) and wild-caught and aquacultured shrimp (RM 8258 and RM 8259). These materials were characterized using genetic, metabolomic (1H-NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance and LC-HRMS/MS, liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry), lipidomic, and proteomic methods to explore their use as matrix-matched, multi-omic differential materials for method development towards identifying product source and/or as quality control in untargeted omics studies. The results from experimental replicates were reproducible for each reference material and analytical method, with the most abundant features reported. Additionally, differences between the materials could be detected, where wild-caught and aquacultured seafood could be distinguished using untargeted metabolite, lipid, and protein analyses. Further processing of the fresh-frozen RMs by freeze-drying revealed the freeze-dried seafoods could still be reliably discerned. These results demonstrate the usefulness of these reference materials as tools for omics instrument validation and measurement harmonization in seafood-related studies. Furthermore, their use as differential quality control (QC) materials, regardless of preparation method, may also provide a tool for laboratories to demonstrate proficiency at discriminating between products based on source/species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Ellisor
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Materials Measurement Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Amanda L Bayless
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Materials Measurement Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tracey B Schock
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Materials Measurement Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Materials Measurement Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B Trey Knott
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Northwest Fisheries Science Center Forensic Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John Seghers
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health and Food, Geel, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leys
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health and Food, Geel, Belgium
| | - Håkan Emteborg
- European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Directorate Health and Food, Geel, Belgium
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2
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Broeckling CD, Beger RD, Cheng LL, Cumeras R, Cuthbertson DJ, Dasari S, Davis WC, Dunn WB, Evans AM, Fernández-Ochoa A, Gika H, Goodacre R, Goodman KD, Gouveia GJ, Hsu PC, Kirwan JA, Kodra D, Kuligowski J, Lan RSL, Monge M, Moussa LW, Nair SG, Reisdorph N, Sherrod SD, Ulmer Holland C, Vuckovic D, Yu LR, Zhang B, Theodoridis G, Mosley JD. Current Practices in LC-MS Untargeted Metabolomics: A Scoping Review on the Use of Pooled Quality Control Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18645-18654. [PMID: 38055671 PMCID: PMC10753522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is an analytical approach with numerous applications serving as an effective metabolic phenotyping platform to characterize small molecules within a biological system. Data quality can be challenging to evaluate and demonstrate in metabolomics experiments. This has driven the use of pooled quality control (QC) samples for monitoring and, if necessary, correcting for analytical variance introduced during sample preparation and data acquisition stages. Described herein is a scoping literature review detailing the use of pooled QC samples in published untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics studies. A literature query was performed, the list of papers was filtered, and suitable articles were randomly sampled. In total, 109 papers were each reviewed by at least five reviewers, answering predefined questions surrounding the use of pooled quality control samples. The results of the review indicate that use of pooled QC samples has been relatively widely adopted by the metabolomics community and that it is used at a similar frequency across biological taxa and sample types in both small- and large-scale studies. However, while many studies generated and analyzed pooled QC samples, relatively few reported the use of pooled QC samples to improve data quality. This demonstrates a clear opportunity for the field to more frequently utilize pooled QC samples for quality reporting, feature filtering, analytical drift correction, and metabolite annotation. Additionally, our survey approach enabled us to assess the ambiguity in the reporting of the methods used to describe the generation and use of pooled QC samples. This analysis indicates that many details of the QC framework are missing or unclear, limiting the reader's ability to determine which QC steps have been taken. Collectively, these results capture the current state of pooled QC sample usage and highlight existing strengths and deficiencies as they are applied in untargeted LC-MS metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey D. Broeckling
- Analytical
Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics Center; Department of Agricultural
Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525, United States
| | - Richard D. Beger
- Division
of Systems Biology, National Center for
Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Departments
of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts
General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Raquel Cumeras
- Department
of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
(IISPV), URV, CERCA, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Daniel J. Cuthbertson
- Agilent
Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department
of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - W. Clay Davis
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical
Sciences Division, 331
Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Warwick B. Dunn
- Centre
for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems
Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB,U.K.
| | - Anne Marie Evans
- Metabolon,
Inc. 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | | - Helen Gika
- School
of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Centre
for Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems
Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB,U.K.
| | - Kelli D. Goodman
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Goncalo J. Gouveia
- Institute for Bioscience
and Biotechnology Research, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, University
of Maryland, Gudelsky
Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University
of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7190, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- Metabolomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dritan Kodra
- Department
of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal
Research Group, Health Research Institute
La Fe, Avenida Fernando
Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Renny Shang-Lun Lan
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202-3591, United States
| | - María
Eugenia Monge
- Centro
de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET), Godoy Cruz
2390, C1425FQD Ciudad
de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura W. Moussa
- Center
for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855, United States
| | - Sindhu G. Nair
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado−Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Candice Ulmer Holland
- Chemistry
Branch, Eastern Laboratory, Office of Public
Health Science, USDA-FSIS, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia
University, 7141 Sherbrooke
Street West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division
of Systems Biology, National Center for
Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Olaris, Inc., 175 Crossing
Blvd Suite 410, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, United States
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department
of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Jonathan D. Mosley
- Center
for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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Neely BA, Ellisor DL, Davis WC. Proteomics as a Metrological Tool to Evaluate Genome Annotation Accuracy Following De Novo Genome Assembly: A Case Study Using the Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1696. [PMID: 37761836 PMCID: PMC10531373 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed dramatic improvements in whole-genome sequencing capabilities coupled to drastically decreased costs, leading to an inundation of high-quality de novo genomes. For this reason, the continued development of genome quality metrics is imperative. Using the 2016 Atlantic bottlenose dolphin NCBI RefSeq annotation and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of six tissues, we confirmed 10,402 proteins from 4711 protein groups, constituting nearly one-third of the possible predicted proteins. Since the identification of larger proteins with more identified peptides implies reduced database fragmentation and improved gene annotation accuracy, we propose the metric NP10, which attempts to capture this quality improvement. The NP10 metric is calculated by first stratifying proteomic results by identifying the top decile (or 10th 10-quantile) of identified proteins based on the number of peptides per protein and then returns the median molecular weight of the resulting proteins. When using the 2016 versus 2012 Tursiops truncatus genome annotation to search this proteomic data set, there was a 21% improvement in NP10. This metric was further demonstrated by using a publicly available proteomic data set to compare human genome annotations from 2004, 2013 and 2016, which showed a 33% improvement in NP10. These results demonstrate that proteomics may be a useful metrological tool to benchmark genome accuracy, though there is a need for reference proteomic datasets across species to facilitate the evaluation of new de novo and existing genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Neely
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; (D.L.E.); (W.C.D.)
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Kilpatrick LE, Bouillon R, Davis WC, Henderson CM, Hoofnagle AN, Pauwels S, Vanderschueren D, Waelkens E, Wildiers H, Yen JH, Phinney KW. The influence of proteoforms: assessing the accuracy of total vitamin D-binding protein quantification by proteolysis and LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:78-85. [PMID: 36279170 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), a serum transport protein for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], has three common proteoforms which have co-localized amino acid variations and glycosylation. A monoclonal immunoassay was found to differentially detect VDBP proteoforms and methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) might be able to overcome this limitation. Previously developed multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS methods for total VDBP quantification represent an opportunity to probe the potential effects of proteoforms on proteolysis, instrument response and quantification accuracy. METHODS VDBP was purified from homozygous human donors and quantified using proteolysis or acid hydrolysis and LC-MS/MS. An interlaboratory comparison was performed using pooled human plasma [Standard Reference Material® 1950 (SRM 1950) Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma] and analyses with different LC-MS/MS methods in two laboratories. RESULTS Several shared peptides from purified proteoforms were found to give reproducible concentrations [≤2.7% coefficient of variation (CV)] and linear instrument responses (R2≥0.9971) when added to human serum. Total VDBP concentrations from proteolysis or amino acid analysis (AAA) of purified proteoforms had ≤1.92% CV. SRM 1950, containing multiple proteoforms, quantified in two laboratories resulted in total VDBP concentrations with 7.05% CV. CONCLUSIONS VDBP proteoforms were not found to cause bias during quantification by LC-MS/MS, thus demonstrating that a family of proteins can be accurately quantified using shared peptides. A reference value was assigned for total VDBP in SRM 1950, which may be used to standardize methods and improve the accuracy of VDBP quantification in research and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Kilpatrick
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Clay Davis
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Clark M Henderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seagen, Inc., Bothell, WA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven Pauwels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James H Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Karen W Phinney
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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5
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Lippa KA, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Beger RD, Bowden JA, Broeckling C, Beecher C, Clay Davis W, Dunn WB, Flores R, Goodacre R, Gouveia GJ, Harms AC, Hartung T, Jones CM, Lewis MR, Ntai I, Percy AJ, Raftery D, Schock TB, Sun J, Theodoridis G, Tayyari F, Torta F, Ulmer CZ, Wilson I, Ubhi BK. Reference materials for MS-based untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics: a review by the metabolomics quality assurance and quality control consortium (mQACC). Metabolomics 2022; 18:24. [PMID: 35397018 PMCID: PMC8994740 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolomics quality assurance and quality control consortium (mQACC) is enabling the identification, development, prioritization, and promotion of suitable reference materials (RMs) to be used in quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) for untargeted metabolomics research. OBJECTIVES This review aims to highlight current RMs, and methodologies used within untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics communities to ensure standardization of results obtained from data analysis, interpretation and cross-study, and cross-laboratory comparisons. The essence of the aims is also applicable to other 'omics areas that generate high dimensional data. RESULTS The potential for game-changing biochemical discoveries through mass spectrometry-based (MS) untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics are predicated on the evolution of more confident qualitative (and eventually quantitative) results from research laboratories. RMs are thus critical QC tools to be able to assure standardization, comparability, repeatability and reproducibility for untargeted data analysis, interpretation, to compare data within and across studies and across multiple laboratories. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) that promote, describe and exemplify the use of RMs will also improve QC for the metabolomics and lipidomics communities. CONCLUSIONS The application of RMs described in this review may significantly improve data quality to support metabolomics and lipidomics research. The continued development and deployment of new RMs, together with interlaboratory studies and educational outreach and training, will further promote sound QA practices in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrice A Lippa
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- BERG LLC, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Building B, 3rd Floor, Framingham, MA, 01710, USA
| | - Richard D Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Corey Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | | | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15, 2TT, UK
| | - Roberto Flores
- Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of Nutrition Research, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, BioSciences Building, Crown St., Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gonçalo J Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Amy C Harms
- Biomedical Metabolomics Facility Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christina M Jones
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntai
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, 95134, USA
| | - Andrew J Percy
- Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, MA, 01876, USA
| | - Dan Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Tracey B Schock
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Jinchun Sun
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | - Fariba Tayyari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Federico Torta
- Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Ian Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College, Exhibition Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Baljit K Ubhi
- MOBILion Systems Inc., 4 Hillman Drive Suite 130, Chadds Ford, PA, 19317, USA.
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Christopher SJ, Ellisor DL, Davis WC. Investigating the feasibility of ICP-MS/MS for differentiating NIST salmon reference materials through determination of Sr and S isotope ratios. Talanta 2021; 231:122363. [PMID: 33965029 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was investigated for possible use in food fraud studies through the measurement of strontium and sulfur isotope ratios. Oxygen mass shift mode was applied to shift 87Sr/86Sr and 34S/32S isotope ratios to their respective oxides, 87Sr16O+/86Sr16O+ and 34S16O+/32S16O+, effecting a gas-phase chemical separation of the elements from Rb and Kr (for Sr) and molecular N and O species, along with P- and S-hydrides (for S). A total least squares regression approach was employed to generate the isotope ratio data from time-resolved analyses, and method uncertainties and accuracies were determined. The utility of the approach was shown by using the Sr and S isotope ratios together to differentiate between NIST RM 8256 Wild-Caught Coho Salmon and NIST RM 8257 Aquacultured Coho Salmon. These materials are currently under development at NIST as certified food fraud standards and method evaluation materials for comprehensive chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Christopher
- NIST Chemical Sciences Division, NIST Charleston Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - D L Ellisor
- NIST Chemical Sciences Division, NIST Charleston Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - W C Davis
- NIST Chemical Sciences Division, NIST Charleston Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
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Ellisor DL, Davis WC, Pugh RS. Spiking and homogenization of biological matrices for production of reference materials using cryogenic processes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5447-5451. [PMID: 32556363 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biological reference materials (RMs) are essential for quality assurance, traceability of measurement results and for method validation. When addressing new measurement questions or emerging regulatory issues, rigorous large-scale CRM production may not be time efficient or economically practical using current production methods. By amending a relatively small matrix batch with a compound(s) of interest at the homogenization step, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) can create a custom material on an "as-needed" basis and circumvent the time delay inherent in large-batch production, thereby generating a fit-for-purpose, rapid-response RM. Here, Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was cryohomogenized and spiked with an aquaculture antibiotic and antibiotic metabolite. The resultant material was analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) to determine the effectiveness of the amendment technique in a fresh-frozen matrix by assessing homogeneity and accuracy to the target concentration (e.g. mass fraction). Target mass fractions were achieved for both spike components, with RSDs below 5% in replicate measurements of each compound (n = 8). The stability of the spiked compounds was assessed one year post-production and mass fractions were stable, within 1-6% of the initial measurement results, indicating minimal change to the amended analyte concentrations over time. The results support this method as a promising new technique for custom, small-batch RM generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Ellisor
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pugh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
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8
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Queipo-Abad S, González PR, Martínez-Morillo E, Davis WC, García Alonso JI. Concentration of mercury species in hair, blood and urine of individuals occupationally exposed to gaseous elemental mercury in Asturias (Spain) and its comparison with individuals from a control group formed by close relatives. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:314-323. [PMID: 30959298 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Between November 19th, 2012 and December 3rd, 2012, 50 workers were intoxicated with gaseous Hg in San Juan de Nieva (Asturias, Spain) during the maintenance of a heat exchanger of a zinc manufacturer. We have quantified the concentration of methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg) and Hg(II) in blood, hair and urine samples of those individuals taken three years after the accident. Blood, hair and urine of their closest relatives were also analyzed to assess whether the mercury burden present in the intoxicated individuals was due to the occupational exposure or to environmental or lifestyle-related factors. The determination of the mercury species in the samples was carried out applying multiple spiking Isotope Dilution GC-ICP-MS. This procedure corrects for possible interconversion reactions between the Hg species during the sample preparation procedure. Linear correlations were observed for both groups when plotting MeHg in blood vs MeHg in hair, and MeHg in hair vs Hg (II) in urine. The concentrations of Hg species in the intoxicated individuals were not significantly different from those obtained in the control group except for MeHg in blood. Significantly higher levels of MeHg in blood were obtained in some of the intoxicated individuals who had not consumed fish or seafood since the accident. A different correlation between MeHg in hair and MeHg in blood was obtained for these individuals compared to the control group who showed a hair-to-blood ratio consistent with the reported value for people exposed to Hg via fish consumption. Our results suggest that ingested MeHg followed the same pathway of deposition in hair in exposed and non-exposed individuals. However, the exposed individuals with high MeHg levels in blood showed a significantly different extent of MeHg deposition in hair compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Queipo-Abad
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Morillo
- Service of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - José Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Möller C, Davis WC, Clark E, DeCaprio A, Marí F. Conodipine-P1-3, the First Phospholipases A 2 Characterized from Injected Cone Snail Venom. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:876-891. [PMID: 30765458 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily are ubiquitous small enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-2 ester bond. PLA2s in the venom of cone snails (conodipines, Cdpi) are composed of two chains termed as alpha and beta subunits. Conodipines are categorized within the group IX of PLA2s. Here we describe the purification and biochemical characterization of three conodipines (Cdpi-P1, -P2 and -P3) isolated from the injected venom of Conus purpurascens Using proteomics methods, we determined the full sequences of all three conodipines. Conodipine-P1-3 have conserved consensus catalytic domain residues, including the Asp/His dyad. Additionally, these enzymes are expressed as a mixture of proline hydroxylated isoforms. The activities of the native Conodipine-Ps were evaluated by conventional colorimetric and by MS-based methods, which provide the first detailed cone snail venom conodipine activity monitored by mass spectrometry. Conodipines can have medicinal applications such inhibition of cancer proliferation, bacterial and viral infections among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Möller
- From the ‡Marine Biochemical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - W Clay Davis
- From the ‡Marine Biochemical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412
| | - Evan Clark
- §Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431
| | - Anthony DeCaprio
- ¶Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, SW 8th St, Miami, Florida, 33119
| | - Frank Marí
- From the ‡Marine Biochemical Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412;.
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10
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Yu LL, Browning JF, Burdette CQ, Caceres GC, Chieh KD, Davis WC, Kassim BL, Long SE, Murphy KE, Oflaz R, Paul RL, Sharpless KE, Wood LJ, Yen JH, Zeisler R. Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1265-1278. [PMID: 29222652 PMCID: PMC6013078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A Standard Reference Material (SRM) of seaweed, SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) has been developed to support food and dietary supplement measurements in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The material was characterized for nutritional minerals, arsenic species, isomers of vitamin K1, proximates, and toxic elements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and it is an excellent source of dietary iodine. Kelp also contains a large amount of arsenic, which is toxic as inorganic species but much less so as organic species. To capture the dietary profile of kelp, certified values were issued for As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, and Zn. Reference values for proximates were assigned. For the first time, a certified value for iodine, reference values for isomers of vitamin K1, and reference values for arsenic species including arsenosugars were assigned in a seaweed. SRM 3232 fills a gap in Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) needed for quality assurance and method validation in the compositional measurements of kelp and similar seaweeds used as food and as dietary supplements. Graphical Absract Arsenic species and isomers of vitamin K1 were determined in the development of SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Joseph F Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Carolyn Q Burdette
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - George C Caceres
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kaitlyn D Chieh
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Brittany L Kassim
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen E Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Karen E Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rabia Oflaz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rick L Paul
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Katherine E Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Laura J Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - James H Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Rolf Zeisler
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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11
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Bandino JP, Gathings RM, Hinen HB, Hampton MT, Davis WC, Elston DM. Gadolinium Presence Within Cutaneous Sclerotic Bodies Confirmed by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. JAMA Dermatol 2018; 154:105-106. [PMID: 29117364 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Bandino
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Robert M Gathings
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - Marta T Hampton
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dirk M Elston
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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12
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Bryan CE, Bossart GD, Christopher SJ, Davis WC, Kilpatrick LE, McFee WE, O'Brien TX. Selenium protein identification and profiling by mass spectrometry: A tool to assess progression of cardiomyopathy in a whale model. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 44:40-49. [PMID: 28965599 PMCID: PMC5657608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death in humans and in some cases the etiology of cardiomyopathy can include the downstream effects of an essential element deficiency. Of all mammal species, pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) present the greatest known prevalence of cardiomyopathy with more than half of examined individuals indicating the presence of cardiomyopathy from gross and histo-pathology. Several factors such as genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and inappropriate dietary intake (vitamins, selenium, mercury, and pro-oxidants), may contribute to the development of idiopathic cardiomyopathy in K. breviceps. Due to the important role Se can play in antioxidant biochemistry and protein formation, Se protein presence and relative abundance were explored in cardiomyopathy related cases. Selenium proteins were separated and detected by multi-dimension liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), Se protein identification was performed by liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), and Se protein profiles were examined in liver (n=30) and heart tissue (n=5) by SEC/UV/ICP-MS detection. Data collected on selenium proteins was evaluated in the context of individual animal trace element concentration, life history, and histological information. Selenium containing protein peak profiles varied in presence and intensity between animals with no pathological findings of cardiomyopathy and animals exhibiting evidence of cardiomyopathy. In particular, one class of proteins, metallothioneins, was found to be associated with Se and was in greater abundance in animals with cardiomyopathy than those with no pathological findings. Profiling Se species with SEC/ICP-MS proved to be a useful tool to identify Se protein pattern differences between heart disease stages in K. breviceps and an approach similar to this may be applied to other species to study Se protein associations with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Bryan
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | | | - Steven J Christopher
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - W Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Lisa E Kilpatrick
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Wayne E McFee
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Terrence X O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Carolina 25 Courtenay Dr. ART 7063 and the Office of Research and Development, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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14
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Queipo Abad S, Rodríguez-González P, Davis WC, García Alonso JI. Development of a Common Procedure for the Determination of Methylmercury, Ethylmercury, and Inorganic Mercury in Human Whole Blood, Hair, and Urine by Triple Spike Species-Specific Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6731-6739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Queipo Abad
- Department of Physical
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián
Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián
Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - W. Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - José Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical
and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián
Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Roberts DR, Welsh CA, LeBel DP, Davis WC. Distribution map of gadolinium deposition within the cerebellum following GBCA administration. Neurology 2017; 88:1206-1208. [PMID: 28202695 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donna R Roberts
- From the Medical University of South Carolina (D.R.R., C.A.W., D.P.L.), Charleston; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (W.C.D.), Gaithersburg, MD.
| | - Cynthia A Welsh
- From the Medical University of South Carolina (D.R.R., C.A.W., D.P.L.), Charleston; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (W.C.D.), Gaithersburg, MD
| | - David P LeBel
- From the Medical University of South Carolina (D.R.R., C.A.W., D.P.L.), Charleston; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (W.C.D.), Gaithersburg, MD
| | - W Clay Davis
- From the Medical University of South Carolina (D.R.R., C.A.W., D.P.L.), Charleston; and National Institute of Standards and Technology (W.C.D.), Gaithersburg, MD
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Abstract
The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, γδ T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 α-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin α5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin αV) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Gulbahar
- University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kurupelit, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
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17
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Paul RL, Davis WC, Yu L, Murphy KE, Guthrie WF, Leber DD, Bryan CE, Vetter TW, Shakirova G, Mitchell G, Kyle DJ, Jarrett JM, Caldwell KL, Jones RL, Eckdahl S, Wermers M, Maras M, Palmer CD, Verostek M, Geraghty CM, Steuerwald AJ, Parsons PJ. Certification of Total Arsenic in Blood and Urine Standard Reference Materials by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014; 299:1555-1563. [PMID: 26300575 PMCID: PMC4544667 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A newly developed procedure for determination of arsenic by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) was used to measure arsenic at four levels in SRM 955c Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood and at two levels in SRM 2668 Toxic Elements in Frozen Human Urine for the purpose of providing mass concentration values for certification. Samples were freeze-dried prior to analysis followed by neutron irradiation for 3 h at a fluence rate of 1×1014cm-2s-1. After sample dissolution in perchloric and nitric acids, arsenic was separated from the matrix by extraction into zinc diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform, and 76As quantified by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Differences in chemical yield and counting geometry between samples and standards were monitored by measuring the count rate of a 77As tracer added before sample dissolution. RNAA results were combined with inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) values from NIST and collaborating laboratories to provide certified values of (10.81 ± 0.54) μg/kg and (213.1 ± 0.73) μg/kg for SRM 2668 Levels I and II, and certified values of (21.66 ± 0.73) μg/kg, (52.7 ± 1.1) μg/kg, and (78.8 ± 4.9) μg/kg for SRM 955c Levels 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Because of discrepancies between values obtained by different methods for SRM 955c Level 1, an information value of < 5 μg/kg was assigned for this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick L. Paul
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - W. Clay Davis
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Lee Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Karen E. Murphy
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - William F. Guthrie
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Dennis D. Leber
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Colleen E. Bryan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Thomas W. Vetter
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Gulchekhra Shakirova
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Graylin Mitchell
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - David J. Kyle
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Jeffery M. Jarrett
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Kathleen L. Caldwell
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Robert L. Jones
- Inorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | | | | | | | - C. D. Palmer
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, NY 12201-0509
| | - M.F. Verostek
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, NY 12201-0509
| | - C. M. Geraghty
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, NY 12201-0509
| | - Amy J. Steuerwald
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, NY 12201-0509
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), Albany, NY 12201-0509
- Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, 12201-0509
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18
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Phinney KW, Ballihaut G, Bedner M, Benford BS, Camara JE, Christopher SJ, Davis WC, Dodder NG, Eppe G, Lang BE, Long SE, Lowenthal MS, McGaw EA, Murphy KE, Nelson BC, Prendergast JL, Reiner JL, Rimmer CA, Sander LC, Schantz MM, Sharpless KE, Sniegoski LT, Tai SSC, Thomas JB, Vetter TW, Welch MJ, Wise SA, Wood LJ, Guthrie WF, Hagwood CR, Leigh SD, Yen JH, Zhang NF, Chaudhary-Webb M, Chen H, Fazili Z, LaVoie DJ, McCoy LF, Momin SS, Paladugula N, Pendergrast EC, Pfeiffer CM, Powers CD, Rabinowitz D, Rybak ME, Schleicher RL, Toombs BMH, Xu M, Zhang M, Castle AL. Development of a Standard Reference Material for metabolomics research. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11732-8. [PMID: 24187941 PMCID: PMC4823010 DOI: 10.1021/ac402689t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has developed a Standard Reference Material (SRM) to support technology development in metabolomics research. SRM 1950 Metabolites in Human Plasma is intended to have metabolite concentrations that are representative of those found in adult human plasma. The plasma used in the preparation of SRM 1950 was collected from both male and female donors, and donor ethnicity targets were selected based upon the ethnic makeup of the U.S. population. Metabolomics research is diverse in terms of both instrumentation and scientific goals. This SRM was designed to apply broadly to the field, not toward specific applications. Therefore, concentrations of approximately 100 analytes, including amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements, vitamins, hormones, selenoproteins, clinical markers, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), were determined. Value assignment measurements were performed by NIST and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). SRM 1950 is the first reference material developed specifically for metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W. Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Guillaume Ballihaut
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mary Bedner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brandi S. Benford
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Johanna E. Camara
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Steven J. Christopher
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - W. Clay Davis
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nathan G. Dodder
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brian E. Lang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E. Long
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mark S. Lowenthal
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McGaw
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Karen E. Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryant C. Nelson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jocelyn L. Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jessica L. Reiner
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Catherine A. Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lane C. Sander
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michele M. Schantz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Katherine E. Sharpless
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lorna T. Sniegoski
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Susan S.-C. Tai
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeanice B. Thomas
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas W. Vetter
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen A. Wise
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Laura J. Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - William F. Guthrie
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Charles R. Hagwood
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stefan D. Leigh
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - James H. Yen
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nien-Fan Zhang
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Madhu Chaudhary-Webb
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Huiping Chen
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Zia Fazili
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Donna J. LaVoie
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Leslie F. McCoy
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Shahzad S. Momin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Neelima Paladugula
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Pendergrast
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Christine M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Carissa D. Powers
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Daniel Rabinowitz
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Michael E. Rybak
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rosemary L. Schleicher
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Bridgette M. H. Toombs
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mary Xu
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Arthur L. Castle
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Paisley LG, Davis WC, Anderson PB, Mickelsen WD. Detection of early pregnancy factor in swine: A need for dialogue. Theriogenology 2012; 18:393-401. [PMID: 16725761 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(82)90161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/1982] [Accepted: 07/15/1982] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rosette inhibition test, which has been used to detect early pregnancy factor (EPF) and other immunosuppressive factors in the serum of pregnant mice, women, and sheep, was adapted for use in swine. Since the initial methods described for use of the assay were cumbersome and time consuming, our first efforts were to simplify the technique. Substitution of microtiter plates for test tubes and treatment of sheep erythrocytes with AET to increase numbers and stability of the rosettes were successful. Although consistently higher rosette inhibition titers were obtained after incubation of lymphocytes in the serum of pregnant sows compared to controls, the variability in numbers of rosettes obtained on a day to day basis and the cumbersome nature of the test have impeded progress in firmly establishing the presence of EPF in pregnant swine and demonstrating the homology between it and the EPF reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Paisley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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Van Wie BJ, Brouns TM, Elliot ML, Davis WC. A novel continuous centrifugal bioreactor for high-density cultivation of mammalian and microbial cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 38:1190-202. [PMID: 18600715 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260381011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A continuous centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR), developed to study the growth and productivity of dense suspensions cultures, has been applied to both fermentation and mammalian cell cultivation processes. With this approach, high-density nonflocculent cultures are maintained in a tapered fluidized bed by balancing the drag forces on the cells due to following substrate with the centrifugal forces. The Sysyem was first used to produce ethanol by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; then with H21A1 mouse hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody (MoAb), lgM. Results of this research show the feasibility of using the CCBR for both production of secreted products and as a research tool for studying cell metabolism and production kinetics. Media recycle may be used to modify the behavior of the system form a plug flow apparatus to a continuous stirred reactor (CSTR).
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Van Wie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2710, USA
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21
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Bryan CE, Davis WC, McFee WE, Neumann CA, Schulte J, Bossart GD, Christopher SJ. Influence of mercury and selenium chemistries on the progression of cardiomyopathy in pygmy sperm whales, Kogia breviceps. Chemosphere 2012; 89:556-562. [PMID: 22704211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
More than half of pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) that strand exhibit signs of cardiomyopathy (CMP). Many factors may contribute to the development of idiopathic CMP in K. breviceps, including genetics, infectious agents, contaminants, biotoxins, and dietary intake (e.g. selenium, mercury, and pro-oxidants). This study assessed trace elements in K. breviceps at various stages of CMP progression using fresh frozen liver and heart samples collected from individuals that stranded along US Atlantic and Gulf coasts between 1993 and 2007. Standard addition calibration and collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed for total Se analysis and pyrolysis atomic absorption (AA) was utilized for total Hg analysis to examine if the Se/Hg detoxification pathway inhibits the bioavailability of Se. Double spike speciated isotope dilution gas chromatography ICP-MS was utilized to measure methyl Hg and inorganic Hg. Immunoblot detection and colorimetric assays were used to assess protein oxidation status. Data collected on trace elements, selenoproteins, and oxidative status were evaluated in the context of animal life history and other complementary histological information to gain insight into the biochemical pathways contributing to the development of CMP in K. breviceps. Cardiomyopathy was only observed in adult pygmy sperm whales, predominantly in male animals. Both Hg:Se molar ratios and overall protein oxidation were greater in males than females and increased with progression of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Bryan
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Christopher SJ, Kilpatrick EL, Yu LL, Davis WC, Adair BM. Preliminary evaluation of a microwave-assisted metal-labeling strategy for quantification of peptides via RPLC–ICP-MS and the method of standard additions. Talanta 2012; 88:749-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Kilpatrick EL, Davis WC. Multiple forms of selenoprotein P in a candidate human plasma standard reference material. Metallomics 2012; 4:533-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ballihaut G, Kilpatrick LE, Davis WC. Detection, identification, and quantification of selenoproteins in a candidate human plasma standard reference material. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8667-74. [PMID: 22007999 DOI: 10.1021/ac2021147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effect of Se supplementation on health, it is critical to accurately assess the Se status in the human body by measuring reliable biomarkers. The preferred biomarkers of the Se status are selenoprotein P (SelP) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) along with selenoalbumin (SeAlb), but there is still a real need for reference methods and reference materials to validate their measurements. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach to provide quality control data in selenoprotein measurements. This approach combines online isotope dilution affinity liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser ablation ICPMS, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify and quantify SelP, GPx3, and SeAlb in a human plasma reference material SRM 1950. Quantitative determinations of SelP, GPx3, and SeAlb were 50.2 ± 4.3, 23.6 ± 1.3, and 28.2 ± 2.6 ng g(-1) as Se, respectively. The subsequent identification of the selenoproteins included nine SelP peptides, including two selenopeptides and nine GPx3 peptides, while albumin was identified with a protein coverage factor >95%. The structural elucidation of selenoproteins in the target Se affinity fractions in SRM 1950 provides information needed for method validation and quality control measurements of selenoproteins and therefore the selenium status in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ballihaut
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
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Cleveland D, Long SE, Sander LC, Davis WC, Murphy KE, Case RJ, Rimmer CA, Francini L, Patri AK. Chromatographic methods for the quantification of free and chelated gadolinium species in MRI contrast agent formulations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2987-95. [PMID: 20890749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation measurements of gadolinium in liposomal MRI contrast agents (CAs) are complicated by the presence of emulsifiers, surfactants, and therapeutic agents in the formulations. The present paper describes two robust, hyphenated chromatography methods for the separation and quantification of gadolinium in nanoemulsion-based CA formulations. Three potential species of gadolinium, free gadolinium ion, gadolinium chelated by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, and gadolinium chelated by 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, were present in the CA formulations. The species were separated by reversed-phase chromatography (reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC) or by high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). For RP-HPLC, fluorescence detection and post-column online isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICP-MS) were used to measure the amount of gadolinium in each species. Online ID-ICP-MS and species-specific isotope dilution (SID)-ICP-MS were used in combination with the HPSEC column. The results indicated that some inter-species conversions and degradation had occurred within the samples and that SID-ICP-MS should be used to provide the most reliable measurements of total and speciated gadolinium. However, fluorescence and online ID-ICP-MS might usefully be applied as qualitative, rapid screening procedures for the presence of free gadolinium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cleveland
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8391, USA
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Davis WC, Zeisler R, Sieber JR, Yu LL. Methods for the separation and quantification of arsenic species in SRM 2669: arsenic species in frozen human urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:3041-50. [PMID: 20186533 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two independent liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LC/ICP-MS) methods for the separation of arsenic species in urine have been developed with quantification by standard additions. Seven arsenic species have been quantified in a new NIST frozen human urine Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2669 Arsenic Species in Frozen Human Urine, Levels 1 and 2. The species measured were: arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine (AC), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO). The purity of each arsenic standard used for quantification was measured as well as the arsenic species impurities determined in each standard. Analytical method limits of detection (L(D)) for the various species in both methods ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 microg L(-1) as arsenic. The results demonstrate that LC/ICP-MS is a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate technique for the determination of low-level arsenic species in urine. Measurements of the arsenic species 3 years after initial production of the SRM demonstrate the stability of the arsenic species in the urine reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Seo KS, Davis WC, Hamilton MJ, Park YH, Bohach GA. Development of monoclonal antibodies to detect bovine FOXP3 in PBMCs exposed to a staphylococcal superantigen. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 128:30-6. [PMID: 19054574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is well documented in immune homeostasis and protection against autoimmune disease. Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) has been shown to be essential for the development and function of T(reg). Due to the lack of tools for FOXP3 detection in certain species, understanding the role of Treg in a variety of ruminant diseases has been hampered. In this study, we developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine FOXP3 using recombinant bovine FOXP3 lacking the forkhead domain as an immunogen. The specificity of the mAbs was confirmed by immunoblot and mass spectrometry. Expression of FOXP3 was induced in bovine PBMCs after 6 d of exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin type C1 (SEC1) in vitro. Similar to findings in mice and humans, expression of FOXP3 was restricted to CD4+ CD25+ T cells. Transcriptional analysis of bovine TCR variable regions of the beta chain (boVbeta) showed that transcription of boVbeta sequences reactive with SEC1 increased for 6 d, and then boVbeta sequences non-reactive with SEC1 rapidly increased in the cultures. This indicates that induction of FOXP3+ CD4+ CD25+ Tregs by SEC1 is not Vbeta restricted. The FOXP3 mAbs developed in this study will be useful in the further investigation of the role of Treg in staphylococcal pathogenesis in bovine mastitis and other ruminant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
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Davis WC, Alspaugh MA, Stimpfling JH, Walford RL. Cellular surface distribution of transplantation antigens: discrepancy between direct and indirect labeling techniques. Tissue Antigens 2008; 1:89-93. [PMID: 4116475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1971.tb00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Alspaugh MA, Davis WC. Quantitation of partially purified H-2 antigens by micro-complement fixation. Tissue Antigens 2008; 2:306-15. [PMID: 4668411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1972.tb00150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Point D, Davis WC, Garcia Alonso JI, Monperrus M, Christopher SJ, Donard OFX, Becker PR, Wise SA. Simultaneous determination of inorganic mercury, methylmercury, and total mercury concentrations in cryogenic fresh-frozen and freeze-dried biological reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:787-98. [PMID: 17710388 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two speciated isotope dilution (SID) approaches consisting of a single-spike (SS) method and a double-spike (DS) method including a reaction/transformation model for the correction of inadvertent transformations affecting mercury species were compared in terms of accuracy, method performance, and robustness for the simultaneous determination of methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (iHg), and total mercury (HgT) concentrations in five biological Standard Reference Materials (SRMs). The SRMs consisted of oyster and mussel tissue materials displaying different mercury species concentration levels and different textural/matrix properties including freeze-dried (FD) materials (SRMs 1566b, 2976, and 2977) and cryogenically prepared and stored fresh-frozen (FF) materials (SRMs 1974a, 1974b). Each sample was spiked with (201)iHg (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL) and Me(202)Hg (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. IRMM-670) solutions and analyzed using alkaline microwave digestion, ethylation, and gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC/ICP-MS). The results obtained by the SS-SID method suggested that FF and FD materials are not always commutable for the simultaneous determination of iHg, MeHg, and HgT, due to potential transformation reactions resulting probably from the methodology and/or from the textural/matrix properties of the materials. These transformations can occasionally significantly affect mercury species concentration results obtained by SS-SID, depending on the species investigated and the materials considered. The results obtained by the DS-SID method indicated that the two classes of materials were commutable. The simultaneous and corrected concentrations of iHg, MeHg, and HgT obtained by this technique were not found to be statistically different form the certified and reference concentration together with their expanded uncertainty budgets for the five SRMs investigated, exemplifying the robustness, the accuracy, and the improved commutability of this method compared to SS-SID measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Point
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
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Anderson IE, Buxton D, Campbell I, Russell G, Davis WC, Hamilton MJ, Haig DM. Immunohistochemical study of experimental malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits. J Comp Pathol 2007; 136:156-66. [PMID: 17374379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is an often-fatal lymphoproliferative disease of a variety of ungulates that occurs worldwide. It is caused by either of the highly related but distinct gammaherpesviruses alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1, wildebeest reservoir) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2, sheep reservoir). MCF in rabbits is an excellent model as it closely resembles the disease in susceptible ungulates that include cattle, deer and bison. In this study, newly available and previously characterized monoclonal antibodies specific for rabbit leucocyte differentiation molecules were used to perform a detailed immunohistochemical examination of both AlHV-1 MCF and OvHV-2 MCF in rabbits. Differences in the MCF caused by the two viruses included: less tissue necrosis and more lymphoid cell accumulations in AlHV-1 MCF compared with OvHV-2 MCF, and in particular marked tissue necrosis in the mesenteric lymph node, appendix and liver of OvHV-2-infected animals when compared with either other tissues in OvHV-2 MCF or AlHV-1 MCF lesions in any tissue. In both AlHV-1 MCF and OvHV-2 MCF, lymphoid cell accumulations in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues consisted mainly of T-cells with a corresponding absence of B-cells. CD8(+) T-cells accounted for a proportion of these in the non-lymphoid tissues, but there was evidence for the accumulation of an unidentified T-cell subset/subsets as well. This study extends our understanding of the mechanisms of immuno-pathogenesis of MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Anderson
- Division of Virology, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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Moeller PDR, Beauchesne KR, Huncik KM, Davis WC, Christopher SJ, Riggs-Gelasco P, Gelasco AK. Metal complexes and free radical toxins produced by Pfiesteria piscicida. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:1166-72. [PMID: 17598275 DOI: 10.1021/es0617993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal-containing organic toxins produced by Pfiesteria piscicida were characterized, for the first time, by corroborating data obtained from five distinct instrumental methods: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), liquid chromatography particle beam glow discharge mass spectrometry (LC/PB-G DMS), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The high toxicity of the metal-containing toxins is due to metal-mediated free radical production. This mode of activity explains the toxicity of Pfiesteria, as well as previously reported difficulty in observing the molecular target, due to the ephemeral nature of radical species. The toxins are highly labile in purified form, maintaining activity for only 2-5 days before all activity is lost. The multiple toxin congeners in active extracts are also susceptible to decomposition in the presence of white light, pH variations, and prolonged heat. These findings represent the first formal isolation and characterization of a radical forming toxic organic-ligated metal complex isolated from estuarine/marine dinoflagellates. These findings add to an increased understanding regarding the active role of metals interacting with biological systems in the estuarine environment, as well as their links and implications to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D R Moeller
- Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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Point D, Davis WC, Christopher SJ, Ellisor MB, Pugh RS, Becker PR, Donard OFX, Porter BJ, Wise SA. Development and application of an ultratrace method for speciation of organotin compounds in cryogenically archived and homogenized biological materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2343-55. [PMID: 17287930 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An accurate, ultra-sensitive and robust method for speciation of mono, di, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT) by speciated isotope-dilution gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SID-GC-ICPMS) has been developed for quantification of butyltin concentrations in cryogenic biological materials maintained in an uninterrupted cryo-chain from storage conditions through homogenization and bottling. The method significantly reduces the detection limits, to the low pg g(-1) level (as Sn), and was validated by using the European reference material (ERM) CE477, mussel tissue, produced by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. It was applied to three different cryogenic biological materials-a fresh-frozen mussel tissue (SRM 1974b) together with complex materials, a protein-rich material (whale liver control material, QC03LH03), and a lipid-rich material (whale blubber, SRM 1945) containing up to 72% lipids. The commutability between frozen and freeze-dried materials with regard to spike equilibration/interaction, extraction efficiency, and the absence of detectable transformations was carefully investigated by applying complementary methods and by varying extraction conditions and spiking strategies. The inter-method results enabled assignment of reference concentrations of butyltins in cryogenic SRMs and control materials for the first time. The reference concentrations of MBT, DBT, and TBT in SRM 1974b were 0.92 +/- 0.06, 2.7 +/- 0.4, and 6.58 +/- 0.19 ng g(-1) as Sn (wet-mass), respectively; in SRM 1945 they were 0.38 +/- 0.06, 1.19 +/- 0.26, and 3.55 +/- 0.44 ng g(-1), respectively, as Sn (wet-mass). In QC03LH03, DBT and TBT concentrations were 30.0 +/- 2.7 and 2.26 +/- 0.38 ng g(-1) as Sn (wet-mass). The concentration range of butyltins in these materials is one to three orders of magnitude lower than in ERM CE477. This study demonstrated that cryogenically processed and stored biological materials are a promising alternative to conventional freeze-dried materials for organotin speciation analysis, because these are, at present, the best conditions for minimizing degradation of thermolabile species and for long-term archival. Finally, the potential of the analytical method was illustrated by analysis of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leuca) liver samples that had been collected in the Arctic and archived at the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank. Significant concentrations of butyltin compounds were found in the samples and provide the first evidence of the presence of this class of contaminant in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Figure Eye catch image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Point
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
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Davis WC, Christopher SJ, Pugh RS, Donard OFX, Krupp EA, Point D, Horvat M, Gibicar D, Kljakovic-Gaspic Z, Porter BJ, Schantz MM. Certification of methylmercury content in two fresh-frozen reference materials: SRM 1947 Lake Michigan fish tissue and SRM 1974b organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis). Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 387:2335-41. [PMID: 17242887 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-1106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of two independent analytical methods for the extraction and quantification of methylmercury from marine biota. The procedures involve microwave extraction, followed by derivatization and either headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated silica fiber or back-extraction into iso-octane. The identification and quantification of the extracted compounds is carried out by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (GC/ICP-MS) detection. Both methods were validated for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in a variety of biological standard reference materials (SRMs) including fresh-frozen tissue homogenates of SRM 1946 Lake Superior fish tissue and SRM 1974a organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis) and then applied to the certification effort of SRM 1947 Lake Michigan fish tissue and SRM 1974b organics in mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis). While past certifications of methylmercury in tissue SRMs have been based on two independent methods from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and participating laboratories, the methods described within provide improved protocols and will allow future certification efforts to be based on at least two independent analytical methods within NIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
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Gulbahar MY, Davis WC, Yuksel H, Cabalar M. Immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate in the skin and lung of lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus. Vet Pathol 2006; 43:67-75. [PMID: 16407491 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-1-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes immunophenotypic characteristics of inflammatory infiltrate in the skin and lung of lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus (SPV). Three lambs revealed typical cutaneous and pulmonary lesions of sheeppox. Histologically, cutaneous and pulmonary lesions consisted of hyperplastic and/or degenerative changes in the epithelium with mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and typical sheeppox cells (SPCs), which had a vacuolated nucleus and marginated chromatin with occasional granular intracytoplasmic inclusions. The inflammatory infiltrate in pox lesions in both skin and lung was characterized by the presence of MHC II+ dendritic cells, CD4+, CD8+, gammadelta+ T cells, IgM+ cells, and CD21+ cells. Loss of expression of MHC I and MHC II antigens was observed in the affected areas of skin and lung. SPCs, stained with anti-SPV antibody, were also positive for CD14 and CD172A, antigens expressed on monocytes and macrophages. CD14 and CD172A negative SPCs were considered to be SPV infected degenerated epithelial cells or fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Gulbahar
- University of Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kurupelit, 55200 Samsun, Turkey.
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Zeisler R, Murphy KE, Becker DA, Davis WC, Kelly WR, Long SE, Sieber JR. Standard Reference Materials® (SRMs) for measurement of inorganic environmental contaminants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1137-51. [PMID: 17019587 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
NIST has developed an extensive collection of environmental SRMs, starting with fuel and biologically related materials in the late 1960s and now encompassing all sectors of environmental research. Advances in analytical methodology, including multi-element isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and expanded instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) capabilities, enable value assignment based on fewer but better-characterized independent analytical techniques. The special advantages of IDMS for determination of S and Hg and for multi-element characterization of small-sample air particulate matter (SRM 2783) by IDMS and INAA are emphasized. Developments in materials production include the issuance of fresh-frozen biological materials and of jet-milled natural-matrix materials with improved homogeneity, including highly homogeneous air particulate matter and sediment SRMs for small-sample analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Zeisler
- Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8395, USA.
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Raj GD, Mathivanan B, Matheswaran K, Nachimuthu K, Davis WC. Lymphocyte subset distribution in apparently normal and single intradermal test-positive water buffaloes analyzed by flow cytometry. Res Vet Sci 2006; 82:34-8. [PMID: 16876215 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2005] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against bovine lymphocyte cell surface antigens namely, MHC Class I, MHC class II (DP, DQ and DR), CD3, CD4, CD8, gamma delta TCR, WC1N1 and WC1N2, were tested for their reactivity on apparently normal buffalo mononuclear cells prepared from spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood. All the mAbs cross-reacted with the buffalo mononuclear cells. The mean (+/-SD) CD4:CD8 cell ratio in the peripheral blood of apparently normal buffaloes was 1.08+/-0.049 while in the spleen and lymph nodes it was 0.90+/-0.080 and 1.81+/-0.430, respectively. The lymphocyte subsets in the buffaloes positive for tuberculosis by the single intra dermal (SID) test was found to be altered; the CD4 cells were reduced while the CD8 and gamma delta cells were increased. The mean CD4:CD8 ratio in the SID positive buffaloes was 0.36+/-0.010.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dhinakar Raj
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600 007, India.
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Day RD, Vander Pol SS, Christopher SJ, Davis WC, Pugh RS, Simac KS, Roseneau DG, Becker PR. Murre eggs (Uria aalge and Uria lomvia) as indicators of mercury contamination in the Alaskan marine environment. Environ Sci Technol 2006; 40:659-65. [PMID: 16509300 DOI: 10.1021/es051064i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sixty common murre (Uria aalge) and 27 thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) eggs collected by the Seabird Tissue Archival and Monitoring Project (STAMP) in 1999-2001 from two Gulf of Alaska and three Bering Sea nesting colonies were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) using isotope dilution cold vapor inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Hg concentrations (wet mass) ranged from 0.011 microg/g to 0.357 microg/g (relative standard deviation = 76%), while conspecifics from the same colonies and years had an average relative standard deviation of 33%. Hg levels in eggs from the Gulf of Alaska (0.166 microg/g +/- 0.011 microg/g) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in the Bering Sea (0.047 microg/g +/- 0.004 microg/g). Within the Bering Sea, Hg was significantly higher (p = 0.0007) in eggs from Little Diomede Island near the arctic than at the two more southern colonies. Although thick-billed and common murres are ecologicallysimilar,there were significant species differences in egg Hg concentrations within each region (p < 0.0001). In the Bering Sea, eggs from thick-billed murres had higher Hg concentrations than eggs from common murres, while in the Gulf of Alaska, common murre eggs had higher concentrations than those of thick-billed murres. A separate one-way analysis of variance on the only time-trend data currently available for a colony (St. Lazaria Island in the Gulf of Alaska) found significantly lower Hg concentrations in common murre eggs collected in 2001 compared to 1999 (p = 0.017). Results from this study indicate that murre eggs may be effective monitoring units for detecting geographic, species, and temporal patterns of Hg contamination in marine food webs. The relatively small intracolony variation in egg Hg levels and the ability to consistently obtain adequate sample sizes both within and among colonies over a large geographic range means that monitoring efforts using murre eggs will have suitable statistical power for detecting environmental patterns of Hg contamination. The potential influences of trophic effects, physical transport patterns, and biogeochemical processes on these monitoring efforts are discussed, and future plans to investigate the sources of the observed variability are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusty D Day
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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39
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Davis WC, Christopher SJ, Turk GC. Simultaneous Mass Bias and Fractionation Corrections Utilizing Isotopic Solid Standards and Laser Ablation ICPMS. Anal Chem 2005; 77:6389-95. [PMID: 16194104 DOI: 10.1021/ac050872p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous incorporation of analytes of known isotopic abundance into sol-gel-derived standards that mimic important mineral systems has the potential to contribute significantly to providing solid standard benchmarks for a range of applications. This preliminary study reports on the synthesis of solid glass standards produced via the sol-gel method and their doping with Standard Reference Material (SRM) 981 Common Lead Isotopic Standard and SRM 982 Equal-Atom Lead Isotopic Standard. Custom isotopic materials were also prepared using mixtures of the two isotopic SRMs. Particles from these solid samples were then introduced into an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer via laser ablation to determine whether materials of suitable homogeneity could be developed as isotopic reference materials. Preliminary results for Pb isotope ratios show that these solid isotopic reference standards are capable of correcting for instrumental mass bias and laser ablation-induced bias due to fractionation simultaneously. Correction factors generated from the quotient of the certified and measured Pb isotopic ratios in sol-gel disks spiked with SRMs 981 and 982 were successfully applied to produce accurate isotope ratios using comparative control/unknown checks. These correction factors were also used to assign Pb isotopic ratios in NIST SRM 612 Trace Elements in Glass that were in excellent agreement with published measurements, suggesting that tunable matrix sol-gel disks can serve as adequate control matrixes for evaluation of isotope ratios in glass samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA.
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40
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Tuo W, Davis WC, Fetterer R, Jenkins M, Boyd PC, Gasbarre LC, Dubey JP. Establishment of Neospora caninum antigen-specific T cell lines of primarily CD4+ T cells. Parasite Immunol 2004; 26:243-6. [PMID: 15491474 DOI: 10.1111/j.0141-9838.2004.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neosporosis is an important cause of pregnancy loss in cattle worldwide. Protective immunity against Neospora caninum infection may include both cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immune responses. This study was to establish short-term antigen-specific T cell lines composed of primarily CD4(+)T cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of infected cows, which may be used to identify immunodominant antigens for the development of N. caninum vaccines. Crude N. caninum tachyzoite antigen was prepared from in vitro derived N. caninum tachyzoites. Multiple T cell lines were established and maintained for 11 weeks by weekly re-stimulation with N. caninum antigen and antigen-presenting cells. All cell lines responded highly to antigen between weeks 3 and 11. Phenotypically, these cells were composed primarily of CD4(+)T cells between weeks 2-8, with a gradual expansion of gamma/delta(+)T cells thereafter. The results indicate that N. caninum-specific T cell lines can be established and maintained without exogenous T cell growth factors and may be used to identify N. caninum antigens. This research will enhance our understanding of bovine CMI to neosporosis and may facilitate development of a proven neosporosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tuo
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, ANRI, USDA/ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hamilton
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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Davis WC, Davis JE, Hamilton MJ. Use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry to cluster and analyze leukocyte differentiation molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 45:149-67. [PMID: 7550677 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-308-2:149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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David CW, Norrman J, Hammon HM, Davis WC, Blum JW. Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and B- and T-Lymphocytes in Peyer's Patches of the Ileum, in Thymus and in Lymph nodes of Preterm Calves, and in Full-Term Calves at Birth and on Day 5 of Life. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:3321-9. [PMID: 14594251 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peyer's patches, thymus, and lymph nodes contain the majority of lymphocytes. We have studied proliferation rates, apoptosis rates, and numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and mesenterial and prescapular lymph nodes (LM and LP) in unfed preterm calves (GrP; born 13 d before expected normal term after dams were injected with prostaglandin F2alpha and glucocorticoids) and normal-term calves (GrF) immediately after birth and on d 5 of life after feeding colostrum for 4 d (GrC). Immunohistochemical methods in conjunction with incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated X-dUTP nick end labeling were used to evaluate cell proliferation rates and apoptosis rates, respectively. The number of T- and B-lymphocytes was determined with monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3 and CD79, respectively. In GrF compared with GrP, there were higher numbers of proliferating and apoptotic cells in LM and LP, of B-lymphocytes in paracortex and follicles of LM and LP, and of proliferating cells in cortex and medulla of thymus. In thymus cortex and medulla, numbers of proliferating cells were higher in GrC than in GrF. Apoptotic rates were generally smaller at all sites of Peyer's patches in GrC than in GrF, and proliferation rates increased from GrP to GrF in intrafollicular areas and from GrF to GrC in all tissues. Numbers of T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches were higher in GrF than in GrP, but lower in GrC than in GrF, except in the domes. Numbers of B-lymphocytes did not change in Peyer's patches despite high proliferation and low apoptotic rates, suggesting that they leave Peyer's patches during the first days of life. In conclusion, proliferation and apoptosis rates and numbers of B- and T- lymphocytes in Peyer's patches in ileum, thymus, and LM and LP exhibited different developmental changes and were affected by feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W David
- Division of Nutrition and Physiology, Institute of Animal Genetics, Nutrition and Housing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Waters WR, Miller JM, Palmer MV, Stabel JR, Jones DE, Koistinen KA, Steadham EM, Hamilton MJ, Davis WC, Bannantine JP. Early induction of humoral and cellular immune responses during experimental Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of calves. Infect Immun 2003; 71:5130-8. [PMID: 12933856 PMCID: PMC187349 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.9.5130-5138.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic losses for producers due to decreased production and poor health of affected animals. The chronic nature of the disease and the lack of a reproducible model of infection hinder research efforts. In the present study, instillation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal calves resulted in peripheral colonization as detected by antemortem culture of feces and postmortem (320 days postchallenge) culture of intestinal tissues. Antigen-specific blastogenic, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and nitric oxide responses by blood mononuclear cells from infected calves exceeded prechallenge responses beginning 194 days postchallenge. Upon in vitro stimulation with paratuberculosis antigens, CD4(+) cells from infected calves proliferated, produced IFN-gamma, and increased expression of CD26 and CD45RO (indicative of an activated memory phenotype). Utilizing a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum immunoglobulin was detected as early as 134 days postchallenge and generally increased after this time point. Two antigens of approximately 50 and approximately 60 kDa were particularly immunodominant early in infection, as shown by immunoblot with serum collected within 2 weeks postchallenge. Findings indicate that the intratonsillar inoculation route will prove useful as an experimental model for paratuberculosis infection. Additionally, this study confirms that mycobacteria-specific antibody is detectable early in the course of experimental Johne's disease, even preceding the development of specific cell-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Waters
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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45
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Davis WC, Knippel BC, Cooper JE, Spraul BK, Rice JK, Smith DW, Marcus RK. Use of sol-gels as solid matrixes for simultaneous multielement determination by radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry: determinations of suspended particulate matter. Anal Chem 2003; 75:2243-50. [PMID: 12918962 DOI: 10.1021/ac020673v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the analysis of particulate matter by radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (rf-GD-OES) is described. Dispersion of the particles in a sol-gel sample matrix provides a convenient means of generating a thin film suitable for sputter-sampling into the discharge. Acid-catalyzed sol-gel glasses synthesized from tetramethyl orthosilicate were prepared and spun-cast on glass substrates. The resultant thin films on glass substrates were analyzed to determine the discharge operating conditions and resultant sputtering characteristics while a number of optical emission lines of the film components were monitored. Slurries of powdered standard reference materials NIST SRM 1884a (Portland Cement) and NIST SRM 2690 (Coal Fly Ash) dispersed in the sols were cast into films in the same manner. Use of the sol-gels as sample matrixes allows for background subtraction through the use of analytical blanks and may facilitate the generation of calibration curves via readily synthesized, matrix-matched analytical standards in solids analysis. Detection limits were determined for minor elements via the RSDB method to be in the range of 1-10 microg/g in Portland Cement and Coal Fly Ash samples for the elements Al, Fe, Mg, S, and Si. Values for Ca were in the range of 15-35 microg/g. This preliminary study demonstrates the possibility of incorporating various insoluble species, including ceramics and geological specimens in powder form, into a solid matrix for further analysis by either rf-GD-OES or MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Marcus RK, Davis WC, Knippel BC, LaMotte L, Hill TA, Perahia D, Jenkins JD. Capillary-channeled polymer fibers as stationary phases in liquid chromatography separations. J Chromatogr A 2003; 986:17-31. [PMID: 12585319 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A method utilizing capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatographic separations has been investigated. Polymeric fibers of differing backbones (polypropylene and polyester) having nominal diameters of approximately 50 and approximately 35 microm and a channeled structure on their periphery were packed into stainless steel tubing (305 x 4.6 mm I.D.) for use in reversed-phase separations of various mixtures. The fibers have eight channels running continuously along the axis which exhibit very high surface activity. As such, solvent transport is affected through the channels through wicking action. Bundles of 1000-3000 fibers are loaded co-linearly into the tubing, providing flow channels extending the entire length of the columns. As a result, backing pressures are significantly lowered (approximately 50% reduction) in comparison to packed-sphere columns. In addition, the capital costs of the fiber material (< US$0.25 per column) are very attractive. Flow-rates of up to 5 ml/min can be used to achieve near baseline separation of related compounds in reasonable run times, indicating very fast mobile phase mass transfer (C-terms). The polymer stationary phases demonstrate high selectivity for a wide variety of analytes with gradient elution employed successfully in many instances. Specifically, separations of three polyaromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, pyrene), mixtures of both organic and inorganic lead compounds [chlorotriethyllead, chlorotriphenyllead, lead nitrate, lead(II) phthalocyanine], and a lipid standard of triglycerides were accomplished on the polymeric stationary phases. Other species of biological interest, including groups of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids have also been effectively separated. The reversed-phase nature of the fiber surfaces is supported through atomic force microscopy measurements using hydrophilic and hydrophobic functionalized polystyrene beads as the probe tips. Separations of the various analytes demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing C-CP fibers as stationary phases in reversed-phase LC. It is envisioned that columns of this nature would be particularly useful in prep-scale separations as well as for immobilization matrices for organic constituents in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1905, USA.
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Davis WC, Venzie JL, Willis B, Coffee RL, Arya DP, Marcus RK. Particle beam glow discharge mass spectrometry: spectral characteristics of nucleobases. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2003; 17:1749-1758. [PMID: 12872280 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Use of a particle beam glow discharge (PB-GD) source for mass spectrometric determinations of deoxy- and ribonucleosides and nucleotides is described. Use of this combination of sample introduction and ion source decouples the vaporization and ionization steps, leading to very simple spectral structure. The mass spectra of these compounds are EI-like in nature, with clearly identified molecular ions and fragmentation patterns that are easily rationalized. The PB-GDMS combination can be operated in a flow injection mode wherein the analyte is injected directly into the solvent flow, or can also be coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system allowing LC/MS analysis of mixtures. Mass spectra obtained for nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides are readily obtained with injections of low-nanomole quantities. Representative PB-GDMS spectra for deoxy- and ribonucleosides, nucleotides, and mixed-base oligonucleotides are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the GD source. Characteristic fragmentation peaks from the spectra of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine were identified in 22-base sequences of single-stranded DNA. The PB-GD source is capable of producing spectra that may be used to identify the individual bases present in mixed-base DNA and RNA fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Clay Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemical Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA
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Goff WL, Johnson WC, Tuo W, Valdez RA, Parish SM, Barrington GM, Davis WC. Age-related innate immune response in calves to Babesia bovis involves IL-12 induction and IL-10 modulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 969:164-8. [PMID: 12381584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong innate immunity in calves to infection with Babesia bovis. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 have been shown in vitro to be important immunoregulatory cytokines. Here we demonstrate in vivo that the protective innate response in young calves to infection with virulent B. bovis involves the early appearance of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) transcripts in the spleen. In contrast, IL-12 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the spleens of adult cattle that succumbed to the infection was delayed and depressed and occurred within the context of IL-10 expression. Also in contrast with calves, there was no detectable antibody response before death in adults. A vigorous CD8+ T-cell expansion occurred in the spleens of both calves and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Goff
- Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
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Davis WC, Konzek RL, Haas K, Estes DM, Hamilton MJ, Call DR, Apostolopoulos V, McKenzie IFC. Use of the mannan receptor to selectively target vaccine antigens for processing and antigen presentation through the MHC class I and class II pathways. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 969:119-25. [PMID: 12381575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that synthetic and recombinant vaccines developed against hemoparasites have not been as effective as whole parasites or crude membrane fractions in eliciting protective immunity. A possible reason is that synthetic vaccines are not being presented in a form that induces the appropriate immune response. We have developed a bovine model system to evaluate the ability of adjuvant compounds to induce an immune response to peptide antigens dominated by a cytokine profile with a Type 1 (cell-mediated) or Type 2 (humoral) bias. In the initial testing of this system, we found that mRNA expression of certain cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, GM-CSF, iNOS, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) is enhanced when monocyte-derived macrophages are stimulated with peptide antigen conjugated with mannan under oxidizing conditions compared to peptide conjugated with reduced mannan. The data suggest this model will be useful in identifying adjuvant systems that selectively modulate the cytokine profile of antigen presenting cells at the time of antigen presentation and the consequent downstream maturation of naive T cells to effector cells with Type 1 or Type 2 cytokine bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, CVM, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040, USA.
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50
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Abstract
CD69 is rapidly inducible on various hematopoietic cells upon stimulation and is detectable as an early activation antigen. Although CD69 is well characterized in human and mouse, no information is available on bovine CD69. We report here that, bovine CD69 was cloned from a cDNA expression library prepared from activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The full-length cDNA contained an 80bp 5' untranslated region, followed by a 600bp coding region and AU-rich motifs in a 3' untranslated region (GenBank accession number AF272828). Comparison of the bovine CD69 coding sequence reveals 69.4 and 78.2% nucleotide sequence identities with mouse and human CD69, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence of bovine CD69 shares 56.3 and 62.3% sequence identity when compared with mouse and human CD69, respectively. Bovine CD69 has the highly conserved amino acid sequences found in the C-type lectin family, suggesting that the conserved residues may be important for conformation and binding to the, as yet unidentified ligand. In addition, the cytoplasmic tail of bovine CD69 has two casein kinase-2 (CK-2) phosphorylation sites. These data suggest that bovine CD69 plays an important role in the activation of lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cattle/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Library
- Lectins, C-Type
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
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