1
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Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light-Induced Reactions of Diazo Compounds and Their Precursors. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7214-7261. [PMID: 38754038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced reactions of diazo compounds have attracted increasing attention in organic synthesis, leading to improvement of existing reactions, as well as to the discovery of unprecedented transformations. Thus, photochemical or photocatalytic generation of both carbenes and radicals provide milder tools toward these key intermediates for many valuable transformations. However, the vast majority of the transformations represent new reactivity modes of diazo compounds, which are achieved by the photochemical decomposition of diazo compounds and photoredox catalysis. In particular, the use of a redox-active photocatalysts opens the avenue to a plethora of radical reactions. The application of these methods to diazo compounds led to discovery of transformations inaccessible by the classical reactivity associated with carbenes and metal carbenes. In most cases, diazo compounds act as radical sources but can also serve as radical acceptors. Importantly, the described processes operate under mild, practical conditions. This Review describes this subfield of diazo compound chemistry, particularly focusing on recent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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2
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He F, Sun Z, Xu Y, Yu J, Li W, Miao H, Wu C. Photoinduced [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkyl-Acceptor Diazoalkanes: Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Pyrazolines Containing a Quaternary Center. Org Lett 2024; 26:4031-4036. [PMID: 38277125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We present a new [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between alkyl-acceptor diazoalkanes under visible light irradiation. By employing easily accessible alkyl-acceptor-type diazoalkanes or their precursor hydrazones as both 1,3-dipoles and dipolarophiles, a diverse range of pyrazoline derivatives featuring a quaternary center have been efficiently synthesized in a predictable manner, with excellent functional group tolerance and good yields. Furthermore, scale-up experiments and downstream transformations of the product were also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengya He
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Ziyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Hui Miao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, P. R. China
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3
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Zhao P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ma Y. Photodriven Radical-Polar Crossover Cyclization Strategy: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyridines from Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38506402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the synthesis of a variety of perfluoroalkyl heterocycles via a visible-light-driven radical-polar crossover cyclization strategy. In this process, single-electron reduction/SNV-type/cyclization sequences follow the radical addition reaction of a diazoester, which differs from the current role of diazoesters as radical precursors/acceptors. This transformation demonstrates excellent functional group compatibility and allows for the modification of many bioactive molecules with diazoesters. Such a reaction could represent a novel approach to the photochemical transformation of diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
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4
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Xie Y, Bao YP, Zhuo XY, Xuan J. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Indanone, Pyrone, and Pyridinone Derivatives with Diazo Compounds as Radical Precursors. Org Lett 2024; 26:1393-1398. [PMID: 38346022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We disclose herein a photocatalytic radical cascade cyclization of diazoalkanes for the divergent synthesis of important carbocycles and heterocycles. Under the optimal reaction conditions, various indanone, pyrone, and pyridinone derivatives can be obtained in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic experiments support the formation of carbon-centered radicals from diazoalkanes through the proton-coupled electron transfer process. Scale-up reaction using continuous flow technology and useful downstream application of the formed heterocycles further render the strategy attractive and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ye-Peng Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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5
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Hussain Y, Empel C, Koenigs RM, Chauhan P. Carbene Formation or Reduction of the Diazo Functional Group? An Unexpected Solvent-Dependent Reactivity of Cyclic Diazo Imides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309184. [PMID: 37506274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The control of the reactivity of diazo compounds is commonly achieved by the choice of a suitable catalyst, e.g. via stabilization of singlet carbenes or radical intermediates. Herein, we report on the light-promoted reactivity of cyclic diazo imides with thiols, where the choice of solvent results in two fundamentally different reaction pathways. In dichloromethane (DCM), a carbene is formed initially and engages in a cascade C-H functionalization/thiolation reaction to deliver indane-fused pyrrolidines in good to excellent yields. When switching to acetonitrile solvent, the carbene pathway is shut down and an unusual reduction of the diazo compound occurs under otherwise identical reaction conditions, where the aryl thiol acts as reductant. A combined set of experimental and computational studies was carried out to obtain mechanistic understanding and to support that indane formation proceeds via the insertion of a triplet carbene, while the reduction of diazo imides proceeds via an electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221, J&K, India
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6
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Xu W, Zheng Z, Bao G, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhu H, Xu G, Zhu Y, Yu C, Jiang X. Photocatalytic Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37235701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced three-component reaction involving [1.1.1]propellane, diazoates, and various heterocycles for the synthesis of 3-heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Throughout this reaction, the radicals generated from diazoate species react with [1.1.1]propellane in an addition reaction to form bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) radicals that subsequently react with heterocycles, leading to the formation of 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates. Notably, this methodology exhibits excellent functional group compatibility, high atom economy, and mild reaction conditions, thus facilitating suitable synthetic access to 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zicong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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7
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Zhao P, Wang L, Guo X, Chen J, Liu Y, Wang L, Ma Y. Visible Light-Driven α-Diazoketones as Denitrogenated Synthons: Synthesis of Fluorinated N-Heterocycles via Multicomponent Cyclization Reactions. Org Lett 2023; 25:3314-3318. [PMID: 37126458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein an efficient photochemical formal [3+2+1] annulation strategy for the transformation of diazocarbonyl compounds into various fluorinated nitrogen-containing heterocycles. This transformation is characterized by reacting fluoroalkyl radicals with α-diazoketones, which are used as infrequent denitrogenated synthons under visible light. Moreover, a wide range of N-heterocycles containing precious CF3 and perfluoroalkylated groups are constructed in moderate to good yields. Notably, this photochemical strategy may provide a fruitful path for the synthesis of complex organofluorides via diazo/fluorine/radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Guo
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Liu Y, Pang T, Yao W, Zhong F, Wu G. Visible-Light-Induced Radical gem-Iodoallylation of 2,2,2-Trifluorodiazoethane. Org Lett 2023; 25:1958-1962. [PMID: 36912766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced radical gem-iodoallylation of CF3CHN2 was developed under mild conditions, delivering a variety of α-CF3-substituted homoallylic iodide compounds in moderate to excellent yields. The transformation features broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity. The described protocol provides a convenient and attractive tool to apply CF3CHN2 as CF3-introduction reagent in radical synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tengfei Pang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Zhang X, Huang X, Chen Y, Chen B, Ma Y. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated 1,4-Dienes via Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of (Trifluoromethyl)alkenes, Alkynes, and Organoboronic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:1748-1753. [PMID: 36866931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a nickel-catalyzed defluorinative three-component coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes, internal alkynes, and organoboronic acids is presented. The protocol provides a highly efficient and selective route for the synthesis of structurally diverse gem-difluorinated 1,4-dienes under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-F bond activation proceeds probably through the oxidative cyclization of trifluoromethyl alkenes with Ni(0) species, sequential addition to alkynes, and β-fluorine elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
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10
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Zhou Y, Pang T, Liu Y, Zhong F, Wu G. Iodine-Mediated Coupling of 2,2,2-Trifluorodiazoethane and Alkynes To Access Bistrifluoromethylated 1,3,5-Trienes. Org Lett 2023; 25:538-542. [PMID: 36652331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-component reaction of higher degree ultilization of diazo molecules for polyene formation is highly intriuging but still underexplored. We present herein an unprecedented coupling of 2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane and aryl alkynes mediated by iodine under visible light. The multi-component reaction involving two diazo units and two alkyne units provides a straightforward and step-economic access to bistrifluoromethylated 1,3,5-trienes in high stereoselectivity by creation of three C═C bonds in a single step under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjinxiu Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Pang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu F, Wang Q, Xia W. Visible-Light-Promoted N-Alkylation Reactions of (aza)Aromatic Amines with Ethyl Diazoacetate. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22120490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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12
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Zhao Y, Empel C, Liang W, Koenigs RM, Patureau FW. Gem-Difluoroallylation of Aryl Sulfonium Salts. Org Lett 2022; 24:8753-8758. [PMID: 36440861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented photochemical late-stage defluorinative gem-difluoroallylation of aryl sulfonium salts, which are formed site-selectively by direct C(sp2)─H functionalization, is herein disclosed. This method is distinguished by its mild reaction conditions, wide scope, and excellent site-selectivity. As showcase examples, a Flurbiprofen and Pyriproxyfen derivatives could be late stage C(sp2)─H gem-difluoroallylated with high yields. Experimental and computational investigations were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
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13
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Cai BG, Bao YP, Pei C, Li Q, Li L, Koenigs RM, Xuan J. Photochemical synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles via addition reaction of triplet intermediates to diazoalkanes and azomethine ylide intermediates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13141-13146. [PMID: 36425480 PMCID: PMC9667952 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of diazoalkanes most commonly proceeds through the formation of carbene intermediates or dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The reaction of diazoalkanes with intermediates with unpaired electrons, however, is much less elaborated. Herein, we report on the photochemical reaction of acceptor-only diazoalkanes with azodicarboxylates. Photoexcitation of the latter results in the formation of a triplet species, which undergoes an addition reaction with diazoalkanes and formation of an azomethine ylide followed by dipolar cycloaddition reaction with organic nitriles to give a 1,2,4-triazole. The application of this transformation was elaborated in a broad and general substrate scope (48 examples), including scale-up via flow chemistry and downstream transformations. Experimental and computational studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and to rationalize the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Ye-Peng Bao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Chao Pei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Lei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, (Anhui University), Ministry of Education Hefei Anhui 230601 China
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14
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Gavin JT, Belli RG, Roberts CC. Radical-Polar Crossover Catalysis with a d 0 Metal Enabled by a Redox-Active Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21431-21436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Roman G. Belli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Courtney C. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota─Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Wang Q, Liu J, Mei H, Pajkert R, Kessler M, Röschenthaler GV, Han J. Ru-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer/C–F Bond Cleavage of Difluoroalkyl Diazos with Hantzsch Ester via a Photocatalytic Radical Process. Org Lett 2022; 24:8036-8040. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Romana Pajkert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mira Kessler
- Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gerd-Volker Röschenthaler
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Chen L, Wang J, Lin C, Zhu Y, Du D. CF 2Br 2 as a Source for Difluoroolefination of 1,3-Enynes via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:7047-7051. [PMID: 36121666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available CF2Br2 has been used as a convenient source for the rapid and reliable incorporation of the gem-difluorovinyl motif into an allene framework via an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed difluoroolefination of 1,3-enynes. The reaction proceeds through a cascade three-component radical relay/elimination process. This protocol is distinguished by its mild conditions, readily accessible starting materials, wide substrate scope, and ease of late-stage functionalization, thus unlocking an untraditional strategy to construct a new class of functionalized gem-difluorovinyl allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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17
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Liu Y, Zhu K, Zhao J, Li P. Photocatalytic Regioselective Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds and tert-Butyl Nitrite: Access to γ-Oximino Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:6834-6838. [PMID: 36073998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic regioselective difunctionalization of alkenes with diazo compounds and tert-butyl nitrite has been developed. The protocol provides an efficient approach to γ-oximino esters under mild conditions. Significantly, this transformation not only shows the good compatibility of nucleophilic diazo compounds and electrophilic tert-butyl nitrite but also displays diazo compounds generating alkyl radicals that preferred addition to alkenes over nitroso radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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18
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Ye HB, Zhou XY, Li L, He XK, Xuan J. Photochemical Synthesis of Succinic Ester-Containing Phenanthridines from Diazo Compounds as 1,4-Dicarbonyl Precursors. Org Lett 2022; 24:6018-6023. [PMID: 35947775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We disclosed herein a straightforward photochemical method for the construction of phenanthridines containing a synthetically useful succinate unit. The reaction occurred under visible-light irradiation with cheap eosin Y Na as photoredox catalyst and a diazo compound as the succinate precursor. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a wide range of phenanthridines were obtained in moderate to good yields. Note that the succinate units in the final heterocycles could be easily transformed into many valuable structures, such as γ-butyrolactone, dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and tetrahydrofuran. Mechanistic experiments were performed to support the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bing Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xu-Yu Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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19
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Liu GX, Liang HC, Fu X, Tang J, Hu WH, Qiu H. Photoredox-Catalyzed Carbonyl Alkylative Amination with Diazo Compounds: A Three-Component Reaction for the Construction of γ-Amino Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:4908-4913. [PMID: 35793070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed reaction of secondary amines, aldehydes, diazo compounds, and Hantzsch ester is reported, affording biologically active γ-amino acid derivatives in high yields. This one-pot process tolerates a broad range of functional groups and various drug molecules and biologically active compounds. Remarkably, a gram-scale reaction and diverse transformations of γ-amino acid derivatives were successfully performed, and the utility of the products is demonstrated in the synthesis of therapeutic agent pregabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Wang Q, Yue L, Bao Y, Wang Y, Kang D, Gao Y, Yuan Z. Oxalates as Activating Groups for Tertiary Alcohols in Photoredox-Catalyzed gem-Difluoroallylation To Construct All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8237-8247. [PMID: 35612278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Construction of challenging and important all-carbon quaternary centers has received growing attention. Herein, with oxalates as activating groups for tertiary alcohols, we report photoredox-catalyzed gem-difluoroallylation to construct all-carbon quaternary centers enabled by efficient tertiary radical addition to α-trifluoromethyl alkenes. This transformation shows good functional group tolerance for both α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and oxalates. Moreover, this strategy is also successfully applied to the synthesis of monofluoralkenes from the corresponding electron-rich gem-difluoroalkenes and cesium tertiary alkyl oxalates under modified conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanyang Bao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Danni Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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21
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Li S, Zhou L. Visible Light-Promoted Radical Reactions of Diazo Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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22
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Shen LY, Yang WC, Meng F, Li P. Photochemical and electrochemical strategies in C–F bond activation and functionalization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in photochemical or electrochemical C–F bond activation and functionalization have been summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Yu Shen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. of China
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