1
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Budnikov AS, Krylov IB, Shevchenko MI, Sokova LL, Liu Y, Yu B, Terent'ev AO. Synthesis of ω-functionalized ketones from strained cyclic alcohols by ring-opening and cross-recombination between alkyl and N-oxyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39385714 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Radical ring-opening oxyimidation of cyclobutanols and cyclopropanols with the formation of ω-functionalized ketones was discovered. The oxidative C-O coupling proceeds via the interception of a primary alkyl radical generated from a cyclic alcohol with a reactive radical generated in situ, which is an electron-deficient N-oxyl radical. The developed conditions allow for the balanced generation rates of carbon- and N-oxyl radicals, which are necessary for their selective cross-recombination. Thus, typical competitive dimerization processes of carbon-centered radicals, their intermolecular cyclization, and N-oxyl radical self-decay are suppressed. The method is applicable to a wide range of cyclobutanols and results in oxyimidated ketones in yields of up to 82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Budnikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor B Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail I Shevchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Lyubov' L Sokova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 451191, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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2
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Chen F, Li X, Liu KY, He DW, You LY, Wang CL, Guo JY, Tian SY, Wang SM, Lai YX, Zheng Y, Lv Y, Sun K. Three-Component Reaction of Cyclopropanols, DABSO, and N-(Sulfonyl)acrylamides: Preparation of Sulfone-Bridged 1,7-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2024; 26:7170-7175. [PMID: 39159424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
A cascade reaction of cyclopropyl alcohols, DABSO (1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-disulfinate), and N-(sulfonyl)acrylamides has been developed. This tandem process went through a cyclopropanol ring opening and Michael addition sequence. The γ-keto sulfinate generated from the reaction between cyclopropanol and DABSO serves as the nucleophilic reagent, and N-(sulfonyl)acrylamide is used as the Michael addition acceptor. By utilizing this strategy, multitudinous sulfone-bridged 1,7-dicarbonyl compounds that contain both a β-sulfonyl amide unit and γ-keto sulfone skeleton were conveniently synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ying Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Wang He
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Yan You
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Lu Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Guo
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Tian
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Man Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Lai
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Lv
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
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3
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Shi Q, Huang X, Yang R, Liu WH. Unified ionic and radical C-4 alkylation and arylation of pyridines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12442-12450. [PMID: 39118600 PMCID: PMC11304543 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
C-H Functionalization of pyridines is an efficient strategy to access pyridine derivatives occurring in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Nucleophilic additions to pyridiniums via both ionic and radical species have proven particularly useful. However, these reactions suffer from poor regioselectivity. By identifying an enzyme-mimic pocket-type urea activation reagent, we report a general platform for pyridine C-4 functionalization. Both ionic and radical nucleophiles can be incorporated to achieve the alkylation and arylation. Notably, the highly regioselective C-4 radical arylation is disclosed for the first time. The broad scope of nucleophiles and pyridines renders this platform applicable to the late-stage functionalization of drug-like molecules and the preparation of complex biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shi
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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4
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Kim C, Kim Y, Hong S. 1,3-Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane through iron-hydride catalyzed hydropyridylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5993. [PMID: 39013909 PMCID: PMC11252317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for the functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane primarily focus on achieving 1, 3-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane or ring-opened cyclobutane moiety. Herein, we report an innovative approach for the 1, 3-difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane, enabling access to a diverse range of highly functionalized cyclobutanes via nucleophilic attack followed by ring opening and iron-hydride hydrogen atom transfer. To enable this method, we developed an efficient iron-catalyzed hydropyridylation of various alkenes for C - H alkylation of pyridines at the C4 position, eliminating the need for stoichiometric quantities of oxidants or reductants. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the resulting N-centered radical serves as an effective oxidizing agent, facilitating single-electron transfer oxidation of the reduced iron catalyst. This process efficiently sustains the catalytic cycle, offering significant advantages for substrates with oxidatively sensitive functionalities that are generally incompatible with alternative approaches. The strategy presented herein is not only mechanistically compelling but also demonstrates broad versatility, highlighting its potential for late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
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5
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Liu ZR, Zhu XY, Guo JF, Ma C, Zuo Z, Mei TS. Synergistic use of photocatalysis and convergent paired electrolysis for nickel-catalyzed arylation of cyclic alcohols. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1866-1874. [PMID: 38670850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The merging of transition metal catalysis with electrochemistry has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis because catalysts can govern the reactivity and selectivity. However, coupling catalysts with alkyl radical species generated by anodic oxidation remains challenging because of electrode passivation, dimerization, and overoxidation. In this study, we developed convergent paired electrolysis for the coupling of nickel catalysts with alkyl radicals derived from photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer of cyclic alcohols and iron catalysts, providing a practical method for site-specific and remote arylation of ketones. The synergistic use of photocatalysis with convergent paired electrolysis can provide alternative avenues for metal-catalyzed radical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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6
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Yu C, Tan J, Du H, Chen N. Visible-Light-Induced Acylative Pyridylation of Styrenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced photocatalyst-free acylative pyridylation of styrenes with 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and 4-cyanopyridines has been described, featuring mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The reaction could also be performed under sunlight irradiation albeit with a slightly lower conversion. 4-Acyl-1,4-DHPs serve a dual role, acting as both a photoreductant to reduce the cyanopyridine to its radical anion intermediate and a radical precursor to produce the acyl radical. The mechanism was especially elucidated through the Hammett analysis, with the quadratic linear regression analysis by using radical dual parameters, σmb and σjj·. The findings from Hammett analysis further demonstrate that the rate-limiting step of the process is the single electron transfer between 4-acyl-1,4-DHPs and 4-cyanopyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang Q, Tang P, Jiang D, Mo J, Qiu H, He L, Zhang M. Ring-Opening Coupling of Cyclopropanol with 1,2,3-Triazole for the Synthesis of Fused Triazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4043-4048. [PMID: 38695368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A radical ring-opening arylation of cyclopropanol with 1,2,3-triazole has been achieved. This synthetic protocol provides straightforward access to a wide range of structurally diverse and chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with high efficiency from readily available chiral cyclopropanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiahong Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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8
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Fan G, Wu C, Liu X, Liu P. Sequential Ring Opening/In Situ SO 2-Capture/Alkynylation of Cyclopropanols with Alkynyl Triflones Initiated by Energy Transfer. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38745550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-triggered ring opening/in situ SO2-capture/alkynylation sequence of cyclopropyl alcohols with alkynyl triflones using 4CzIPN as a triplet energy transfer photocatalyst is herein described. This metal-free protocol provides a straightforward and atom-economical approach to alkynyl-substituted γ-keto sulfones with a broad scope of substituents. In this transformation, alkynyl triflones could be used as both radical acceptors and SO2 donors. Preliminary experimental mechanistic studies and synthetic utility are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Changfu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiaozu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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9
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Liu J, Jiang HW, Hu XQ, Xu PF. Visible-Light-Induced Alkoxypyridylation of Alkenes Using N-Alkoxypyridinium Salts as Bifunctional Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:3661-3666. [PMID: 38656155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous presence of pyridine moieties in pharmaceutical compounds, it holds immense value to develop practical and straightforward methodologies for accessing heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In recent years, N-alkoxypyridinium salts have emerged as convenient radical precursors, enabling the generation of the corresponding alkoxy radicals and pyridine through single-electron transfer. Herein, we present the first report on visible-light-mediated intermolecular alkoxypyridylation of alkenes employing N-alkoxylpyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents with an exceptionally low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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10
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Hernández-Ibáñez S, Ortuño JF, Sirvent A, Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M, Foubelo F. Synthesis of Vicinal anti-Amino Alcohols from N- tert-Butanesulfinyl Aldimines and Cyclopropanols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6193-6204. [PMID: 38613513 PMCID: PMC11077494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols derivatives from 1-substituted cyclopropanols and chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines is described. Cyclopropanols are easily prepared from carboxylic esters upon reaction with ethylmagnesium bromide in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide and undergo carbon-carbon bond cleavage by means of diethylzinc to produce, upon base deprotonation, enolized zinc homoenolates, which react with chiral sulfinyl imines in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernández-Ibáñez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan F. Ortuño
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Sirvent
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miguel Sansano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Yus
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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11
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Liu J, Du J, Zhang LB, Li M, Guo W. Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Amination via N-Aminopyridinium. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6465-6473. [PMID: 38644574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical protocol for benzylic C(sp3)-H aminopyridylation via direct C-H/N-H cross-coupling of alkylarenes with N-aminopyridinium triflate has been developed. This method features excellent site-selectivity, broad substrate scope, redox reagent-free and facile scalability. The generated benzylaminopyridiniums can be readily converted to benzylamines via electroreductive N-N bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinyao Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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12
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Keum H, Ryoo H, Kim D, Chang S. Amidative β-Scission of Alcohols Enabled by Dual Catalysis of Photoredox Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Inner-Sphere Ni-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1001-1008. [PMID: 38109265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The photoredox/Ni dual catalysis is an appealing strategy to enable unconventional C-heteroatom bond formation. While significant advances have been achieved using this system, intermolecular C(sp3)-N bond formation has been relatively underdeveloped due to the difficulty in C(sp3)-N reductive elimination. Herein, we present a new mechanistic approach that utilizes dioxazolones as the Ni(II)-nitrenoid precursor to capture carbon-centered radicals by merging proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) with nickel catalysis, thus forming synthetically versatile N-alkyl amides using alcohols. Based on mechanistic investigations, the involvement of (κ2-N,O)Ni(II)-nitrenoid species was proposed to capture photoredox PCET-induced alkyl radicals, thereby playing a pivotal role to enable the C(sp3)-N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Keum
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Harin Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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13
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Zhan JL, Zhu L, Bai JN, Liu JB, Zhang SH, Xie YQ, Hu BM, Wang Y, Han WJ. Transition metal-free [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropanols with β-enamine esters to assemble nicotinate derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8984-8988. [PMID: 37937487 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free and efficient approach for the synthesis of structurally important nicotinates through 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropanols with β-enamine esters is presented. This protocol features high atom efficiency, green waste, simple operation and broad substrate scope. Moreover, the experiments of gram-scale synthesis and recovery of oxidants make this strategy more sustainable and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Zhan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Bai
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Shi-Han Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Yao-Qiang Xie
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Bo-Mei Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Opto-electronic Functional Materials, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, P. R. China
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14
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Abstract
Azines, such as pyridines, quinolines, pyrimidines, and pyridazines, are widespread components of pharmaceuticals. Their occurrence derives from a suite of physiochemical properties that match key criteria in drug design and is tunable by varying their substituents. Developments in synthetic chemistry, therefore, directly impact these efforts, and methods that can install various groups from azine C-H bonds are particularly valuable. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in late-stage functionalization (LSF) reactions that focus on advanced candidate compounds that are often complex structures with multiple heterocycles, functional groups, and reactive sites. Because of factors such as their electron-deficient nature and the effects of the Lewis basic N atom, azine C-H functionalization reactions are often distinct from their arene counterparts, and the application of these reactions in LSF contexts is difficult. However, there have been many significant advances in azine LSF reactions, and this review will describe this progress, much of which has occurred over the past decade. It is possible to categorize these reactions as radical addition processes, metal-catalyzed C-H activation reactions, and transformations occurring via dearomatized intermediates. Substantial variation in reaction design within each category indicates both the rich reactivity of these heterocycles and the creativity of the approaches involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celena M Josephitis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hillary M H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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15
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Roychowdhury P, Samanta S, Tan H, Powers DC. N-Amino Pyridinium Salts in Organic Synthesis. Org Chem Front 2023; 10:2563-2580. [PMID: 37840843 PMCID: PMC10569450 DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
C-N bond forming reactions hold immense significance to synthetic organic chemistry. In pursuit of efficient methods for the introduction of nitrogen in organic small molecules, myriad synthetic methods have been developed, and methods based on both nucleophilic and electrophilic aminating reagents have received sustained research effort. In response to continued challenges - the need for substrate prefunctionalization, the requirement for vestigial N-activating groups, and the need to incorporate nitrogen in ever more complex molecular settings - the development of novel aminating reagents remains a central challenge in method development. N-aminopyridinums and their derivatives have recently emerged as a class of bifunctional aminating reagents, which combine N-centered nucleophilicity with latent electrophilic or radical reactivity by virtue of the reducible N-N bond, with broad synthetic potential. Here, we summarize the synthesis and reactivity of N-aminopyridinium salts relevant to organic synthesis. The preparation and application of these reagents in photocatalyzed and metal-catalyzed transformations is discussed, showcasing the reactivity in the context of bifunctional platform and its potential for innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Samya Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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16
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Li Z, Lan D, Zhou W, Li J, Zhu H, Yu C, Jiang X. Synthesis of C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines via halosulfoamidation of [1.1.1]propellane with sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6056-6059. [PMID: 37114292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01262j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a catalyst-free synthesis of C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines under mild conditions. The reaction involves the use of sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides to generate N-halosulfonamides in situ, which subsequently undergo radical addition with [1.1.1]propellane to yield the desired products with suitable functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Deyou Lan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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17
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Liu S, Su X, Jiang D, Xiong H, Miao D, Fu L, Qiu H, He L, Zhang M. Arylation of Cyclopropanol with Pyrrole: Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolizidine 167B, Indolizidine 209D, and Monomorine I. Org Lett 2023; 25:2058-2062. [PMID: 36930849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A Fe(NO3)3-mediated ring-opening arylation of cyclopropanol with the electron-rich pyrrole has been developed, which might proceed through oxidative radical ring opening of cyclopropanol followed by cyclization to the pyrrole motif and then aromatization. This method enables direct arylation of cyclopropanol without prefunctionalization and thus allows rapid access to a diverse array of chiral 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizines from easily available chiral amino acid esters. The synthetic utility has been demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of alklaoids (-)-indolizidine 167B, (+)-indolizidine 209D, (+)-monomorine I, and a natural product analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangwei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaojiao Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hongbing Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dingyin Miao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.,Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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18
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Qiu D, Liu H, Sun S, Ni H, Su Y. Bromide-mediated, C2-selective, and oxygenative alkylation of pyridinium salts using alkenes and molecular oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2807-2810. [PMID: 36789965 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a bromide-mediated, C2-selective, and oxygenative alkylation of pyridinium salts using alkenes and O2 for the synthesis of important β-2-pyridyl ketones. Notably, a quaternary carbon center was successfully installed at the C2-position of pyridine and the resulting C2-substituents were highly functionalized. The intermediary cycloadduct was isolated and further transformed into the desired product, which indicated that this three-component reaction underwent a reaction cascade including dearomative cycloaddition and rearomative ring-opening oxygenation. Finally, the bromide-mediated mechanism was discussed and active Br(I) species were proposed to be generated in situ and promote the rearomative ring-opening oxygenation by halogen bond-assisted electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hongyan Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yijin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou, P. R. China.
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19
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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20
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Kim M, Hong S, Jeong J, Hong S. Visible-Light-Active Coumarin- and Quinolinone-Based Photocatalysts and Their Applications in Chemical Transformations. CHEM REC 2023:e202200267. [PMID: 36627191 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic dyes have been actively studied as useful photocatalysts because they allow access to versatile structural flexibility and green synthetic applications. The identification of a new class of robust organic chromophores is, therefore, in high demand to increase structural diversity and variability. Although coumarins and quinolinones have long been acknowledged as organic chromophores, their ability to participate in photoinduced transformations is somewhat less familiar. Fascinated by their chromophoric features and adaptable platform, our group is interested in the identification of fluorescent bioactive molecules and in the development of new photoinduced synthetic methods using coumarins and quinolinones as photocatalysts. This account provides an overview of our recent progress in the discovery and application of light-absorbing coumarin and quinolinone derivatives in photochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim M, Koo Y, Hong S. N-Functionalized Pyridinium Salts: A New Chapter for Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Functionalization via Radical-Based Processes under Visible Light Irradiation. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3043-3056. [PMID: 36166489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The radical-mediated C-H functionalization of pyridines has attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry for the direct functionalization of the C-H bonds of the pyridine scaffold. Classically, the synthetic methods for functionalized pyridines often involve radical-mediated Minisci-type reactions under strongly acidic conditions. However, the site-selective functionalization of pyridines in unbiased systems has been a long-standing challenge because the pyridine scaffold contains multiple competing reaction sites (C2 vs C4) to intercept free radicals. Therefore, prefunctionalization of the pyridine is required to avoid issues observed with the formation of a mixture of regioisomers and overalkylated side products.Recently, N-functionalized pyridinium salts have been attracting considerable attention in organic chemistry as promising radical precursors and pyridine surrogates. The notable advantage of N-functionalized pyridinium salts lies in their ability to enhance the reactivity and selectivity for synthetically useful reactions under acid-free conditions. This approach enables exquisite regiocontrol for nonclassical Minisci-type reactions at the C2 and C4 positions under mild reaction conditions, which are suitable for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules with greater complexity and diversity. Over the past five years, a variety of fascinating synthetic applications have been developed using various types of pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. In addition, a new platform for alkene difunctionalization using appropriately designed N-substituted pyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents has been reported, offering an innovative assembly process for complex organic architectures. Intriguingly, strategies involving light-absorbing electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between pyridinium salts and suitable electron-rich donors further open up new reactivity under photocatalyst-free conditions. Furthermore, we developed enantioselective reactions using pyridinium salts to afford enantioenriched molecules bearing pyridines through single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis.Herein, we provide a broad overview of our recent contributions to the development of N-functionalized pyridinium salts and summarize the cornerstones of organic reactions that successfully employ these pyridinium salts under visible light conditions. The major advances in the field are systematically categorized on the basis of the pyridines' N-substituent, N-X (X = O, N, C, and SO2CF3), and its reactivity patterns. Furthermore, the identification of new activation modes and their mechanistic aspects are discussed by providing representative contributions to each paradigm. We hope that this Account will inspire broad interest in the continued innovation of N-functionalized pyridinium salts in the exploration of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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22
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Nganga JB, Jung YJ, Choi WO, Lee H, Lee JT, Lee JK. Dibromorhodamine‐based photoredox catalysis under visible light for the colorimetric detection of Hg(
II
) ion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Nganga
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Young Jae Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Won Oh. Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry Hallym University Chuncheon South Korea
| | - Jungkyu K. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green‐Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
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23
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Chen Y, Zhang G, Guo C, Lan P, Banwell MG, He Y. Silver‐Promoted Radical Ring‐Opening
/
Pyridylation of Cyclobutanols with
N
‐Methoxypyridinium Salts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Yi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Chan Guo
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Tao He
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong P. R. China
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24
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Lu J, Tong Y, Hao N, Zhang L, Wei J, Zhang Z, Fu Q, Yi D, Wang J, Mu Y, Pan X, Yang L, Wei S, Zhong L. Photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01844b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-arylated ketones widely exist in many biologically active molecules and natural products. Herein, we disrcibled a photocatalytic redox-neutral arylation of cyclopropanols with cyanoarenes via radical-mediated C–C and C–CN bond cleavage...
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25
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Wang J, Li X. Asymmetric β-Arylation of Cyclopropanols Enabled by Photoredox and Nickel Dual Catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3020-3026. [PMID: 35382467 PMCID: PMC8905987 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07237d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective functionalization and transformation of readily available cyclopropyl compounds are synthetically appealing yet challenging topics in organic synthesis. Here we report an asymmetric β-arylation of cyclopropanols with aryl bromides...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250012 China
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