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Yi K, Wang P, He C. Facile incorporation of non-canonical heme ligands in myoglobin through chemical protein synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 112:117900. [PMID: 39217687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into the metal coordination environments of proteins has endowed metalloproteins with enhanced properties and novel activities, particularly in hemoproteins. In this work, we disclose a scalable synthetic strategy that enables the production of myoglobin (Mb) variants with non-canonical heme ligands, i.e., HoCys and f4Tyr. The ncAA-containing Mb* variants (with H64V/V68A mutations) were obtained through two consecutive native chemical ligations and a subsequent desulfurization step, with overall isolated yield up to 28.6 % in over 10-milligram scales. After refolding and heme b cofactor reconstitution, the synthetic Mb* variants showed typical electronic absorption bands. When subjected to the catalysis of the cyclopropanation of styrene, both synthetic variants, however, were not as competent as the His-ligated Mb*. We envisioned that the synthetic method reported herein would be useful for incorporating a variety of ncAAs with diverse structures and properties into Mb for varied purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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2
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Liu Y, Kajihara Y, Okamoto R. Post-translational activation of the C-terminus of polypeptides for the synthesis of peptide thioesters and peptide thioester surrogates. Front Chem 2024; 12:1424953. [PMID: 39076613 PMCID: PMC11284063 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1424953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Semisynthesis using recombinant polypeptides is a powerful approach for the synthesis of proteins having a variety of modifications. Peptide thioesters, of which the peptide C-terminus is activated by a thioester, are utilized for coupling peptide building blocks. Biological methods employing intein have been a center for the C-terminal thioesterification of recombinant polypeptides. Chemical activation has emerged as an alternative methodology for synthesizing peptide thioesters from recombinant polypeptides. Chemical reactions are compatible with various solutions containing organic solvents, chaotropic reagents, or detergents that are generally incompatible with biomolecules such as intein. Despite the potential utility of chemical activation, available methods remain limited. This article introduces the methods for the chemical activation of a peptide C-terminus applied to the chemical synthesis of proteins. By showcasing these methodologies, we aim to accelerate the advancement of new chemical reactions and methodologies and broaden the frontiers for the chemical synthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Wan XC, Zhu WJ, Chen Y, Cui ZH, Zhang H, Zheng FH, Zhang YN, Fang GM. Thioproline-Based Oxidation Strategy for Direct Preparation of N-Terminal Thiazolidine-Containing Peptide Thioesters from Peptide Hydrazides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5021-5026. [PMID: 38842216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We describe a simple and robust oxidation strategy for preparing N-terminal thiazolidine-containing peptide thioesters from peptide hydrazides. We find for the first time that l-thioproline can be used as a protective agent to prevent the nitrosation of N-terminal thiazolidine during peptide hydrazide oxidation. The thioproline-based oxidation strategy has been successfully applied to the chemical synthesis of CC chemokine ligand-2 (69aa) and omniligase-C (113aa), thereby demonstrating its utility in hydrazide-based native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Wan
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Cui
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hao Zheng
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Min Fang
- School of Life Science, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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4
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Liao P, He C. Azole reagents enabled ligation of peptide acyl pyrazoles for chemical protein synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7965-7974. [PMID: 38817582 PMCID: PMC11134319 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) has been playing an increasingly important role in chemical protein synthesis (CPS). More efficient ligation methods that circumvent the requirement of a peptidyl thioester and thiol additive-which allow the following desulfurization or refolding in one pot-are urgently needed for the synthesis of more complex protein targets and in large quantities. Herein, we discover that the weak acyl donor peptidyl N-acyl pyrazole can be activated by azole reagents like 3-methylpyrazole or imidazole to facilitate its ligation directly with an N-terminal cysteine peptide. As it requires no thioester or thiol additive, this ligation strategy can be conveniently combined with metal-free desulfurization (MFD) or oxidative protein folding to allow various one-pot protocols. The utility and generality of the strategy are showcased by the total synthesis of ubiquitin via an N-to-C sequential ligation-MFD strategy, the semi-synthesis of the copper protein azurin, and the efficient assembly of a sulfated hirudin variant and the cyclotide kalata B1, all in a one-pot fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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5
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Li B, Xu X, Lv Y, Wu Z, He L, Song YF. Polyoxometalates as Potential Artificial Enzymes toward Biological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305539. [PMID: 37699754 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial enzymes, as alternatives to natural enzymes, have attracted enormous attention in the fields of catalysis, biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutics because of their high stability and low cost. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of inorganic metal oxides, have recently shown great potential in mimicking enzyme activity due to their well-defined structure, tunable composition, high catalytic efficiency, and easy storage properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in POM-based artificial enzymes. Different types of POMs and their derivatives-based mimetic enzyme functions are covered, as well as the corresponding catalytic mechanisms (where available). An overview of the broad applications of representative POM-based artificial enzymes from biosensing to theragnostic is provided. Insight into the current challenges and the future directions for POMs-based artificial enzymes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bole Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Lin S, Mo Z, Wang P, He C. Oxidation and Phenolysis of Peptide/Protein C-Terminal Hydrazides Afford Salicylaldehyde Ester Surrogates for Chemical Protein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37470345 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
With the growing popularity of serine/threonine ligation (STL) and cysteine/penicillamine ligation (CPL) in chemical protein synthesis, facile and general approaches for the preparation of peptide salicylaldehyde (SAL) esters are urgently needed, especially those viable for obtaining expressed protein SAL esters. Herein, we report the access of SAL ester surrogates from peptide hydrazides (obtained either synthetically or recombinantly) via nitrite oxidation and phenolysis by 3-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (SAL(-COOH)PDT). The resulting peptide SAL(-COOH)PDT esters can be activated to afford the reactive peptide SAL(-COOH) esters for subsequent STL/CPL. While being operationally simple for both synthetic peptides and expressed proteins, the current strategy facilitates convergent protein synthesis and combined application of STL with NCL. The generality of the strategy is showcased by the N-terminal ubiquitination of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (Gadd45a), the efficient synthesis of ubiquitin-like protein 5 (UBL-5) via a combined N-to-C NCL-STL strategy, and the C-to-N semisynthesis of a myoglobin (Mb) variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zeyuan Mo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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7
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Otaka A. Development of Naturally Inspired Peptide and Protein Chemistry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:748-764. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
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Yu H, Wang S, Huang J, Fu Y, Wagner M, Weil T, Zhong F, Zhao W, Wu Y. Light-Controlled Traceless Protein Labeling via Decaging Thio- o-naphthoquinone Methide Chemistry. Org Lett 2022; 24:6816-6821. [PMID: 36099167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular design of a novel multifunctional reagent and its application for light-controlled selective protein labeling. This molecule integrates functions of protein-ligand recognition, bioconjugation, ligand cleavage, and photoactivation by merging the photochemistries of 2-nitrophenylpropyloxycarbonyl and 3-hydroxymethyl-2-naphthol with an affinity ligand and fluorescein. Highly electrophilic o-naphthoquinone methide was photochemically released and underwent proximity-driven selective labeling with the protein of interest (e.g., carbonic anhydrases), which retains its native function after labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weining Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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