1
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Zhang JM, Wang YC, Chen L, Ma C, He ZT. Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Dihydropyrroles via 1,5-Addition and N-1,4-Addition Cascade. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401350. [PMID: 38700514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented 1,5-addition/N-1,4-addition cascade reaction is established via palladium hydride catalysis. A variety of polysubstituted dihydropyrrole skeletons are constructed in high yield and with exclusively >20 : 1 diastereoselectivity. An enantioselective protocol of this design is also developed to provide a novel access to enantioenriched dihydropyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Ningbo Zhongke Creation Center of New Materials, 315899, Ningbo, China
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2
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Lin Z, Yu Y, Liu R, Zi W. Design, Preparation, and Implementation of Axially Chiral Benzotetramisoles as Lewis Base Catalysts for Asymmetric Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202401181. [PMID: 38725281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel catalysts with potent activity is of great importance in organocatalysis. In this study, we designed and prepared a new class of benzotetramisole Lewis base catalysts (AxBTM) that have both central and axial chirality. This unique feature of these catalysts results in a three-dimensional microenvironment with multi-layers of chirality. The performance of the developed catalysts was tested in a series of cycloaddition reactions. These included the AxBTM-catalyzed (2+2) cycloaddition between α-fluoro-α-aryl anhydride with imines or oxindoles, and the sequential gold/AxBTM-catalyzed (4+2) cycloaddition of enynamides with pentafluorophenyl esters. The interplay between axial and central chirality had a collaborative effect in regulating the stereochemistry in these cycloadditions, leading to high levels of stereoselectivity that would otherwise be challenging to achieve using conventional BTM catalysts. However, the (2+2) and (4+2) cycloadditions have different predilections for axial and central chirality combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Ibrahim AA, O'Reilly SCJ, Bottarel M, Kerrigan NJ. Asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched α-allyl esters through Pd(BINAPHANE)-catalysed allylation of disubstituted ketenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3283-3286. [PMID: 38421221 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pd2dba3·CHCl3 (2.5 mol%)-BINAPHANE (5 mol%) was used to promote the first catalytic enantioselective allylation of disubstituted ketenes to give α-allyl esters. The ester products were formed in good to excellent yields (61-93% yield for 13 examples, 16 examples in all), with moderate to good enantioselectivity (68-80% ee for 7 examples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Stephen C J O'Reilly
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Margot Bottarel
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Nessan J Kerrigan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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4
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Fan T, Shi Z, Gong QW, Song J, Gong LZ. Rhodium and Isothiourea Dual Catalysis: Enantiodivergent Transformation of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1421-1425. [PMID: 38346910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A dual rhodium/isothiourea catalytic system was developed for the enantiodivergent transformation of terminal alkynes. Under synergistic rhodium/isothiourea dual catalysis, terminal alkynes can be creatively utilized as precursors for C1-ammonium enolate species, which subsequently participate in [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] annulation reactions with α,β-unsaturated ketimines or ketones, respectively. A wide range of chiral lactams and lactones were obtained in excellent yields and stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 98% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhipeng Shi
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qian-Wei Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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5
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Zi W. Synergistic Catalysis Involving Palladium for Stereodivergent Csp3-Csp3 Coupling Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38295513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusTransition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions of dienes (such as 1,3-dienes, alkoxyallenes, and aminoallenes) with carbon nucleophiles have proven to be a highly effective method for creating Csp3-Csp3 bonds. These reactions have perfect atom economy and typically occur under mild reaction conditions. By using chiral metal complexes as catalysts, it is possible to create enantioenriched molecules bearing allylic stereocenters with high enantioselectivities. However, challenges arise when Csp3-Csp3 bonds bearing two vicinal stereocenters are constructed through this type of coupling reaction. Due to the inherent diastereoselectivities, only the kinetically favored diastereoisomers (either the syn- or anti-product) are usually obtained through the transition-metal catalyst system. Achieving complementary stereoisomers with high selectivity, which require complete control of both absolute and relative configurations of multiple chiral centers in a single chemical transformation, is usually impossible.Over the past decade, significant advancements have been made in stereodivergent synthesis. Notably, iridium-related synergistic catalysis has been rapidly developed for stereodivergent allylic alkylation reactions. However, these systems were limited to using allylic alcohol derivatives as electrophilic partners. Finding ways to extend the use of synergistic catalysis to other types of stereodivergent reactions is a crucial issue that needs to be addressed.In 2019, we reported the first palladium-mediated synergistic system for the stereodivergent Csp3-Csp3 coupling between 1,3-dienes and aldimine esters. Lately, this strategy has proven successful in accessing stereodivergent coupling with diverse substrate patterns. In this Account, we will summarize our laboratory's efforts in developing a range of palladium-involved synergistic catalysis systems for the stereodivergent Csp3-Csp3 coupling reactions of dienes. We discovered several synergistic catalysis systems, including Pd/Cu(Ag), Pd/amine, Pd/Lewis base, and Pd/PTC. Additionally, we developed diverse dienes, such as 1,3-dienes, alkoxyallenes, and aminoallenes, to serve as suitable coupling partners for stereodivergent coupling. These processes provide an efficient method for constructing a range of chiral scaffolds bearing vicinal stereocenters. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and to rationalize the origins of the stereochemistry for some of the synergistic catalyst systems. Finally, the synthetic application of these methods has been demonstrated in the concise total synthesis of a number of natural products and bioactive molecules. It is anticipated that an increasing number of chemists will join in the research on stereodivergent Csp3-Csp3 coupling reactions and contribute to more elegant examples in this area. We believe future development will further push the boundary of asymmetric catalysis and find more innovative applications soon for synthesizing complex chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qinglong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300071, China
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6
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Lee S, Rhee YH. Total Synthesis of the Purported Structure of Branched Resin Glycosides Merremoside G and H 2. Org Lett 2024; 26:602-606. [PMID: 38206072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the purported structure of branched resin glycosides merremoside G and H2 is accomplished. A signature step is represented by the sequential transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of stable trisaccharide homoallylic alcohol and monosaccharide alkoxyallene to afford the pentasaccharide skeleton. This de novo strategy is conducted under mild conditions with no need of preactivation. In addition, it allows for efficient preparation of the target compounds in combination with late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Han AJ, Tan Q, He ZT. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric O-1,5-Addition with Oximes via Hydroximation of Unsaturated Esters. Org Lett 2024; 26:89-93. [PMID: 38127266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Different from electronically matched 1,4- and 1,6-additions, herein, we disclose an electronically mismatched 1,5-conjugate addition process with oximes as the nucleophiles. By this design, the oxime moieties are readily introduced to the γ-position of the electron-deficient substrates in good yields, excellent regioselectivities, and high enantioselectivities. The corresponding allyl oximes are also conveniently transformed into a series of valuable enantioenriched skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Han
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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8
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Vogl LS, Mayer P, Robiette R, Waser M. Chiral Isochalcogenourea-Catalysed Enantioselective (4+2) Cycloadditions of Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315345. [PMID: 38010747 PMCID: PMC10952905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Allenoates are versatile building blocks which are primarily activated and controlled using chiral tert. phosphine and tert. amine Lewis bases. We herein report the first example of allenoate activation by using chiral isochalcogenoureas (IChU) for formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions. Compared to established phosphine and amine catalysis, the use of these easily available Lewis bases enables new stereoselective reaction pathways proceeding with high enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and in good yields. In addition, the factors governing enantioselectivity and the origin of the observed differences compared to other commonly used Lewis bases are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Vogl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de LouvainPlace Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.021348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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9
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Vogl LS, Mayer P, Robiette R, Waser M. Chiral Isochalcogenourea-Catalysed Enantioselective (4+2) Cycloadditions of Allenoates. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 136:e202315345. [PMID: 38549953 PMCID: PMC10976662 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202315345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Allenoates are versatile building blocks which are primarily activated and controlled using chiral tert. phosphine and tert. amine Lewis bases. We herein report the first example of allenoate activation by using chiral isochalcogenoureas (IChU) for formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions. Compared to established phosphine and amine catalysis, the use of these easily available Lewis bases enables new stereoselective reaction pathways proceeding with high enantioselectivities, diastereoselectivities, and in good yields. In addition, the factors governing enantioselectivity and the origin of the observed differences compared to other commonly used Lewis bases are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas S. Vogl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstraße 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and NanosciencesUniversité catholique de LouvainPlace Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.021348Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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10
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Zebrowski P, Monkowius U, Waser M. Cooperative Chiral Lewis Base/Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Syntheses of Methylene-Containing δ-Lactams. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300982. [PMID: 38601429 PMCID: PMC11005102 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a two-step approach for the enantioselective synthesis of novel chiral δ-lactams. By using a cooperative chiral ITU/achiral Pd-catalyst system, this protocol proceeds via an asymmetric α-allylation of activated aryl esters first, followed by an acid-mediated lactam formation. A variety of differently substituted products could be obtained with usually high levels of enantioselectivities and in reasonable yields (16 examples, up to 98 : 2 er and 73 % yield over two steps). In addition, further utilizations of the products via transformations of the exocyclic double bond were successfully carried out as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zebrowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of EducationChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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11
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Xu ZW, Wang S. Access to Chiral O,O-Acetals Enabled by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Oximes to Alkoxyallenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301883. [PMID: 37653541 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure acyclic O,O-acetal compounds (up to 97 % ee) have been accessed through chemo-, regio- and enantioselective palladium-catalyzed addition of oximes to alkoxyallenes. DFT calculations support that a protonative hydropalladation pathway is favourable, in which the hydrogen bonding interaction between the amide group of the diphosphine ligand and the alkoxyallene is critical for the highly stereoselective formation of the dioxygenated stereogenic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Moser D, Schmidt TA, Sparr C. Diastereodivergent Catalysis. JACS AU 2023; 3:2612-2630. [PMID: 37885579 PMCID: PMC10598570 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alongside enantioselective catalysis, synthetic chemists are often confronted by the challenge of achieving catalyst control over the relative configuration to stereodivergently access desired diastereomers. Typically, these approaches iteratively or simultaneously control multiple stereogenic units for which dual catalytic methods comprising sequential, relay, and synergistic catalysis emerged as particularly efficient strategies. In this Perspective, the benefits and challenges of catalyst-controlled diastereodivergence in the construction of carbon stereocenters are discussed on the basis of illustrative examples. The concepts are then transferred to diastereodivergent catalysis for atropisomeric systems with twofold and higher-order stereogenicity as well as diastereodivergent catalyst control over E- and Z-configured alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Stockhammer L, Radetzky M, Khatoon SS, Bechmann M, Waser M. Chiral Lewis Base-Catalysed Asymmetric Syntheses of Benzo-fused ϵ-Lactones. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300704. [PMID: 38601860 PMCID: PMC11005097 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
We herein report a two-step protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of novel chiral benzofused ϵ-lactones starting from O-protected hydroxymethyl-para-quinone methides and activated aryl esters. By using chiral isothiourea Lewis base catalysts a broad variety of differently substituted products could be obtained in yields of around 50 % over both steps with high levels of enantioselectivities, albeit low diastereoselectivities only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Maximilian Radetzky
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Syeda Sadia Khatoon
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Matthias Bechmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
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14
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Tang MQ, Yang ZJ, He ZT. Asymmetric formal sp 2-hydrocarbonations of dienes and alkynes via palladium hydride catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6303. [PMID: 37813855 PMCID: PMC10562392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrofunctionalizations of unsaturated bonds via π-ƞ3 substitution have emerged as a reliable method to construct stereogenic centers, and mainly rely on the use of heteroatom-based or carbon nucleophiles bearing acidic C-H bonds. In comparison, sp2 carbon nucleophiles are generally not under consideration because of enormous challenges in cleaving corresponding inert sp2 C-H bonds. Here, we report a protocol to achieve asymmetric formal sp2 hydrocarbonations, including hydroalkenylation, hydroallenylation and hydroketenimination of both 1,3-dienes and alkynes via hydroalkylation and Wittig reaction cascade. A series of unachievable motifs via hydrofunctionalizations, such as di-, tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted allenes, and tri-substituted ketenimines in allyl skeletons are all facilely constructed in high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities with this cascade design. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 1,4-diene bearing a stereocenter and Z/E-controllable olefin unit highlights the power of present protocol. An interesting mechanistic feature is revealed that alkyne actually undergoes hydrocarbonation via the formation of conjugated diene intermediate, different from conventional viewpoint that the hydrofunctionalization of alkynes only involves allene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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15
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Chen XX, Luo H, Chen YW, Liu Y, He ZT. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Directed Migratory Allylation of Remote Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307628. [PMID: 37387558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Chain walking has been an efficient route to realize the functionalization of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds, but this strategy is limited to mono-olefin migration and functionalization. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of tandem directed simultaneous migrations of remote olefins and stereoselective allylation for the first time. The adoption of palladium hydride catalysis and secondary amine morpholine as solvent is critical for achieving high substrate compatibility and stereochemical control with this method. The protocol is also applicable to the functionalization of three vicinal C(sp3 )-H bonds and thus construct three continuous stereocenters along a propylidene moiety via a short synthetic process. Preliminary mechanistic experiments corroborated the design of simultaneous walking of remote dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Xiao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye-Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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16
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Wu F, Li Z, Fu C, Wang G, Zheng C, Wu X. Synergistic Ni/Pd Catalysis for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of 2-Acyl Imidazoles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37450617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric α-allylation of α-aryl-substituted 2-acetyl imidazoles synergistically catalyzed by Ni/Pd catalysts has been developed. In this process, the nickel-bisoxazoline complex activates the enolate of an acetyl imidazole, which then reacts with a π-allyl palladium electrophile generated from an allyl alcohol derivative by a palladium-based catalyst. A broad scope of substrates was suitable for this reaction. The utility of this method was demonstrated by a gram-scale reaction and subsequent elaboration of the allylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai Univerversity, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai Univerversity, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai Univerversity, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai Univerversity, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Changwu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai Univerversity, Shanghai 200444, China
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17
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Wang Q, Fan T, Song J. Cooperative Isothiourea/Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Annulation Reactions of Vinyl Aziridines with Pentafluorophenyl Esters. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 36815719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral γ-lactam-containing skeletons are important motifs in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a general and modular platform to access chiral γ-lactam compounds via an ITU/Ir cooperatively catalyzed [3 + 2] asymmetric annulation reaction of vinyl aziridines with pentafluorophenyl esters. Through the Lewis base and transition metal cooperative catalytic regime, a broad range of optically active γ-lactams were generated in good yields (up to 92%) with high asymmetric induction (up to 98% ee). Furthermore, the utility of this synthetic protocol was also demonstrated by the expedient preparation of diverse enantioenriched architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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18
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202621. [PMID: 35389553 PMCID: PMC9324207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted vinylcyclopentanes has been realised using cooperative palladium and isothiourea catalysis. Treatment of vinylcyclopropanes with Pd(PPh3 )4 generates a zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediate that intercepts a catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium species prepared from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated para-nitrophenyl ester and the isothiourea (R)-BTM. Intermolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition between these reactive intermediates generates functionalised cyclopentanes in generally good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr, 97 : 3 er), with the use of LiCl as an additive proving essential for optimal stereocontrol. To the best of our knowledge a dual transition metal/organocatalytic process involving α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates has not been demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alastair J Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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19
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and a,b‐Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew David Smith
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh FIFE, KY10 3TH St. Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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