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Luo Z, Chen J, Fang Y, Xie L, Liu Q, Huang J, Liu M. Synthesis of borocarbonitride nanosheets from biomass for enhanced charge separation and hydrogen production. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14443. [PMID: 38910218 PMCID: PMC11194275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Borocarbonitride (BCN) materials have shown significant potential as photocatalysts for hydrogen production. However, traditional bulk BCN exhibits only moderate photocatalytic activity. In this study, we introduce an environmentally conscious and sustainable strategy utilizing biomass-derived carbon sources to synthesize BCN nanosheets. The hydrogen evolution efficiency of BCN-A nanosheets (110 μmol h-1 g-1) exceeds that of bulk BCN photocatalysts (12 μmol h-1 g-1) by 9.1 times, mainly due to the increased surface area (205 m2g-1) and the presence of numerous active sites with enhanced charge separation capabilities. Notably, the biomass-derived BCN nanosheets offer key advantages such as sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and reduced carbon footprint during hydrogen production. These findings highlight the potential of biomass-based BCN nanomaterials to facilitate a greener and more efficient route to hydrogen energy, contributing to the global transition towards renewable energy solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jinhao Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China
| | - Yuanmeng Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Liyan Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects and Control for Emerging Contaminants, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University (Putian University), Putian, 351100, China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
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2
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Zhao C, Li Z, Wu X, Su H, Bai FQ, Ran X, Yang L, Fang W, Yang X. Theory-Guided Experimental Design of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400541. [PMID: 38644221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The high crystalline covalent triazine framework-1 (CTF-1), composed of alternating triazine and phenylene, has emerged as an efficient photocatalyst for solar-driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is of great challenge to further improve photocatalytic HER performance via increasing crystallinity due to its near-perfect crystallization. Herein, an alternative strategy of scaffold functionalization is employed to optimize the energy band structure of crystalline CTF-1 for boosting hydrogen-evolving activity. Guided by the computational predictions, versatile CTF-based polymer photocatalysts are prepared with different functional groups (OH, NH2, COOH) using binary polymerization for practical hydrogen production. Experiment evidence verifies that the introduction of a limited number of electron-donating groups is sufficient to maintain high crystallinity in CTF, modulate the band structure, broaden visible light absorption, and consequently enhance its photophysical properties. Notably, the functionalization with OH exhibits the most positive effect on CTF-1, delivering a photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen-producing rate exceeding 100 µmol h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinzhao Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Hengwei Su
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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3
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Ren Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in two-dimensional polymers: synthesis, assembly and energy-related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1823-1869. [PMID: 38192222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of 2D crystalline polymer materials with definite structures, which have outstanding physical-chemical and electronic properties. They cleverly link organic building units through strong covalent bonds and can construct functional 2DPs through reasonable design and selection of different monomer units to meet various application requirements. As promising energy materials, 2DPs have developed rapidly in recent years. This review first introduces the basic overview of 2DPs, such as their historical development, inherent 2D characteristics and diversified topological advantages, followed by the summary of the typical 2DP synthesis methods recently (including "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods). The latest research progress in assembly and processing of 2DPs and the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. Finally, we summarize and prospect the current research status, existing challenges, and future research directions of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ren
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Xia Y, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. Research Progress in Donor-Acceptor Type Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301190. [PMID: 37094607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are new organic porous materials constructed by covalent bonds, with the advantages of pre-designable topology, adjustable pore size, and abundant active sites. Many research studies have shown that COFs exhibit great potential in gas adsorption, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, energy storage, etc. However, the electrons and holes of intrinsic COF are prone to compounding in transport, and the carrier lifetime is short. The donor-acceptor (D-A) type COFs, which are synthesized by introducing D and A units into the COFs backbone, combine separated electron and hole migration pathway, tunable band gap and optoelectronic properties of D-A type polymers with the unique advantages of COFs and have made great progress in related research in recent years. Here, the synthetic strategies of D-A type COFs are first outlined, including the rational design of linkages and D-A units as well as functionalization approaches. Then the applications of D-A type COFs in catalytic reactions, photothermal therapy, and electronic materials are systematically summarized. In the final section, the current challenges, and new directions for the development of D-A type COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Guo Y, Hu X, Sun R, Wang X, Tan B. Covalent Triazine Framework Films through In-Situ Growth for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300759. [PMID: 37365972 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution through water splitting offers a promising way to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are ideal photocatalysts owing to its exceptional in-plane π-conjugation, high chemical stability, and sturdy framework structure. However, CTF-based photocatalysts are typically in powder form, which presents challenges in catalyst recycling and scale-up applications. To overcome this limitation, we present a strategy for producing CTF films with excellent hydrogen evolution rate that are more suitable for large-scale water splitting due to their ease of separation and recyclability. We developed a simple and robust technique for producing CTF films on glass substrates via in-situ growth polycondensation, with thicknesses adjustable from 800 nm to 27 μm. These CTF films exhibit exceptional photocatalytic activity, with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance reaching as high as 77.8 mmol h-1 g-1 and 213.3 mmol m-2 h-1 with co-catalyst Pt under visible light (≥420 nm). Additionally, they demonstrate good stability and recyclability, further highlighting their potential in green energy conversion and photocatalytic devices. Overall, our work presents a promising approach for producing CTF films suitable for a range of applications and paves the way for further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Guo
- Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xunliang Hu
- Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
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6
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Wang J, Lian X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhao Q, Xu J, Cao X, Li B, Bu XH. Thiazole functionalized covalent triazine frameworks for C 2H 6/C 2H 4 separation with remarkable ethane uptake. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11240-11243. [PMID: 37656125 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A highly stable thiazole functionalized covalent triazine framework, namely CTF-BT-500, was developed for C2H6/C2H4 separation, which exhibits a record-high ethane uptake (99.7 cm3 g-1) among all reported COFs at 298 K and 1 bar. This work not only presents an excellent C2H6-selective adsorbent, but also provides guidance for the construction of robust adsorbents for value-added gas purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Lian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xiongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Qiao Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xichuan Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang Q, An B, Lei Y, Gao Z, Zhang H, Xue S, Jin X, Xu W, Wu Z, Wu M, Yang X, Wu W. Cl 2 ⋅ - Mediates Direct and Selective Conversion of Inert C(sp 3 )-H Bonds into Aldehydes/Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304699. [PMID: 37409373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing new reactive pathway to activate inert C(sp3 )-H bonds for valuable oxygenated products remains a challenge. We prepared a series of triazine conjugated organic polymers to photoactivate C-H into aldehyde/ketone via O2 →H2 O2 →⋅OH→Cl⋅→Cl2 ⋅- . Experiment results showed Cl2 ⋅- could successively activate C(sp3 )-H more effectively than Cl⋅ to generate unstable dichlorinated intermediates, increasing the kinetic rate ratio of dichlorination to monochlorination by a factor of 2,000 and thus breaking traditional dichlorination kinetic constraints. These active intermediates were hydrolyzed into aldehydes or ketones easily, when compared with typical stable dichlorinated complexes, avoiding chlorinated by-product generation. Moreover, an integrated two-phase system in an acid solution strengthened the Cl2 ⋅- mediated process and inhibited product overoxidation, where the conversion rate of toluene reached 16.94 mmol/g/h and the selectivity of benzaldehyde was 99.5 %. This work presents a facile and efficient approach for selective conversion of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds using Cl2 ⋅- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Bo An
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhixiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
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Wang C, Lyu P, Chen Z, Xu Y. Green and Scalable Synthesis of Atomic-Thin Crystalline Two-Dimensional Triazine Polymers with Ultrahigh Photocatalytic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37171112 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Scalable and eco-friendly synthesis of crystalline two-dimensional (2D) polymers with proper band gap and single-layer thickness is highly desired for the fundamental research and practical applications of 2D polymers; however, it remains a considerable and unresolved challenge. Herein, we report a convenient and robust method to synthesize a series of crystalline covalent triazine framework nanosheets (CTF NSs) with a thickness of ∼80 nm via a new solvent-free salt-catalyzed nitrile cyclotrimerization process, which enables the cost-effective large-scale preparation of crystalline CTF NSs at the hundred-gram level. Theoretical calculations and detailed experiments revealed for the first time that the conventional salts such as KCl can not only act as physical templates as traditionally believed but also more importantly can efficiently catalyze the cyclotrimerization reaction of carbonitrile monomers as a new kind of green solid catalysts to achieve crystalline CTF NSs. Upon simple liquid-phase sonication, these CTF NSs can be easily further exfoliated into abundant single-layer crystalline 2D triazine polymers (2D-TPs) in high yields. The obtained atomically thin crystalline 2D-TPs with a band gap of 2.36 eV and rich triazine active groups exhibited a remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 1321 μmol h-1 under visible light irradiation with an apparent quantum yield up to 29.5% at 420 nm and excellent photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency up to 0.35%, which exceed all molecular framework materials and are among the best metal-free photocatalysts ever reported. Moreover, the processable 2D-TPs could be readily assembled on a support as a photocatalytic film device, which demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance (135.2 mmol h-1 m-2 for hydrogen evolution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxu Wang
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Material Sciences and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Instrumentation and Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Guo F, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Heteroacene Units. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207876. [PMID: 36703526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a unique new class of porous materials that arrange building units into periodic ordered frameworks through strong covalent bonds. Accompanied with structural rigidity and well-defined geometry, heteroacene-based COFs have natural advantages in constructing COFs with high stability and crystallinity. Heteroacene-based COFs usually have high physical and chemical properties, and their extended π-conjugation also leads to relatively low energy gap, effectively promoting π-electron delocalization between network units. Owing to excellent electron-withdrawing or -donating ability, heteroacene units have incomparable advantages in the preparation of donor-acceptor type COFs. Therefore, the physicochemical robust and fully conjugated heteroacene-based COFs solve the problem of traditional COFs lacking π-π interaction and chemical stability. In recent years, significant breakthroughs are made in this field, the choice of various linking modes and building blocks has fundamentally ensured the final applications of COFs. It is of great significance to summarize the heteroacene-based COFs for improving its complexity and controllability. This review first introduces the linkages in heteroacene-based COFs, including reversible and irreversible linkages. Subsequently, some representative building blocks are summarized, and their related applications are especially emphasized. Finally, conclusion and perspectives for future research on heteroacene-based COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Sun R, Tan B. Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs): Synthesis, Crystallization, and Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203077. [PMID: 36504463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) have received great attention from academia owing to their unique structure characteristics such as nitrogen-rich structure, chemical stability, fully conjugated skeleton and high surface area; all these unique properties make CTFs attractive for widespread applications, especially for photocatalytic applications. In this review, we aim to provide recent advances in the CTFs preparation, and mainly focus on their photocatalytic applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the CTFs' synthetic methods, crystallinity lifting strategies, and their applications for photocatalytic water splitting. Firstly, a brief background including the photocatalytic water splitting and crystallinity are provided. Then, synthetic methods related to CTFs and the strategies for enhancing the crystallinity are summarized and compared. After that, the general photocatalytic mechanism and the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of CTFs are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of fabricating high crystalline CTFs and designing CTFs with excellent photocatalytic performance are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Zhao X, Li Q, Pachfule P, Wang Z, Liu S, Wu W, Wu M, Thomas A. Construction of Covalent Organic Framework Nanofiber Membranes for Efficient Adsorption of Antibiotics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301200. [PMID: 36942696 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Techniques beyond crystal engineering are critical for manufacturing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and to explore them for advanced applications. However, COFs are normally obtained as insoluble, unmeltable, and thus nonprocessible microcrystalline powders. Therefore, it is a significant challenge to implement COFs into larger architectures and structural control on different length scales. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to prepare flexible COF nanofiber membranes by in-situ growth of COFs on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber substrates via a reversible polycondensation-termination approach. The obtained PAN@COF nanofiber membranes with vertically aligned COF nanoplates combine a large functional surface with efficient mass transport, thus making it a promising adsorbent, for example, for water purification. The antibiotic pollutant ofloxacin (OFX) is removed from water with a superior absorption capacity of ≈236 mg g-1 and removal efficiency as high as 98%. The here presented in-situ growth of COFs on nanofiber membranes can be extended to various Schiff base-derived COF materials with different compositions, providing a highly efficient way to construct flexible COF-based membranes for several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qun Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Zhiya Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shiyin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Weijian Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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