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Wang B, Liu Y, Chen X, Liu XT, Liu Z, Lu C. Aggregation-induced emission-active supramolecular polymers: from controlled preparation to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39229831 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are typical self-assemblies, in which repeating monomer units are bonded together with dynamic and reversible noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular polymers can combine the advantages of polymer science and supramolecular chemistry. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) means that a molecule remains faintly emissive in the dispersed state but intensively luminescent in a highly aggregated state. AIE has brought new opportunities and further development potential to the field of polymeric chemistry. The integration of AIE luminogens with supramolecular interactions can provide new vitality for supramolecular polymers. Therefore, it is essential for scientists to understand the preparation and applications of AIE-active supramolecular polymers. This review focuses on the recent advanced progress in the preparation of AIE-active supramolecular polymers. In addition, we summarize the newly developed supramolecular polymers with an AIE nature and their applications in chemical sensing, and in vitro and in vivo imaging, as well as the visualization of their structure and properties. Finally, the development trends and challenges of AIE-active supramolecular polymers are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xueqian Chen
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Liu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Pingyuan Laboratory, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Liu H, Hu R, Hu Z, Ji X. Construction of Supramolecular Polymers and Covalent Polymers via the Same Monomers. Chemistry 2024:e202400394. [PMID: 38584129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nature owns the ability to construct structurally different polymers from the same monomers. While polymers can be classified as covalent polymers (CPs) and supramolecular polymers (SPs), it is still difficult to synthesize CPs and SPs using same monomers like nature do. Herein, M1 with two diazo salts on both the ends was designed. Additionally, hydroquinone was chosen to be M2 for the existence of two hydroxyl groups. When mixing at room temperature, M1 and M2 self-assembled to SPs via N…H hydrogen bonds. In another way, upon the exposure to ultraviolet irradiation when blending M1 with M2, CPs were fabricated in the presence of covalent bonds. The excellent thermal stability of CPs was determined by TGA and DSC, while the great corrosion resistance of covalent polymers was detected by acid or alkali immersion. In this way, constructing two kinds of polymers using the same monomers was successfully achieved. This shows tremendous potential in fields of polymer science, supramolecular chemistry, which would boom the development of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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Wu X, Barner-Kowollik C. Fluorescence-readout as a powerful macromolecular characterisation tool. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12815-12849. [PMID: 38023522 PMCID: PMC10664555 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant progress in synthetic macromolecular chemistry, which can provide access to diverse macromolecules with varying structural complexities, topology and functionalities, bringing us closer to the aim of controlling soft matter material properties with molecular precision. To reach this goal, the development of advanced analytical techniques, allowing for micro-, molecular level and real-time investigation, is essential. Due to their appealing features, including high sensitivity, large contrast, fast and real-time response, as well as non-invasive characteristics, fluorescence-based techniques have emerged as a powerful tool for macromolecular characterisation to provide detailed information and give new and deep insights beyond those offered by commonly applied analytical methods. Herein, we critically examine how fluorescence phenomena, principles and techniques can be effectively exploited to characterise macromolecules and soft matter materials and to further unravel their constitution, by highlighting representative examples of recent advances across major areas of polymer and materials science, ranging from polymer molecular weight and conversion, architecture, conformation to polymer self-assembly to surfaces, gels and 3D printing. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for fluorescence-readout to further advance the development of macromolecules, leading to the design of polymers and soft matter materials with pre-determined and adaptable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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Ren YY, Deng BY, Liao ZH, Zhou ZR, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Wang F. A Smart Single-Fluorophore Polymer: Self-Assembly Shapechromic Multicolor Fluorescence and Erasable Ink. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307971. [PMID: 37743568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel smart fluorescent polymer polyethyleneimine-grafted pyrene (PGP) is developed by incorporating four stimuli-triggers at molecular level. The triggers are amphiphilicity, supramolecular host-guest sites, pyrene fluorescence indicator, and reversible chelation sites. PGP exhibits smart deformation and shape-dependent fluorescence in response to external stimuli. It can deform into three typical shapes with a characteristic fluorescence color, namely, spherical core-shell micelles of cyan-green fluorescence, standard rectangular nanosheets of yellow fluorescence, and irregular branches of deep-blue fluorescence. A quasi-reversible deformation between the first two shapes can be dynamically manipulated. Moreover, driven by reversible coordination and the resulting intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, PGP can be used as an aqueous fluorescence ink with erasable and recoverable properties. The fluorescent patterns printed by PGP ink on paper can be rapidly erased and recovered by simple spraying a sequence of Cu2+ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid aqueous solutions. This erase/recover transformation can be repeated multiple times on the same paper. The multiple stimulus responsiveness of PGP makes it have potential applications in nanorobots, sensing, information encryption, and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Liu C, Si J, Cao M, Zhao P, Dai Y, Xu H. Visualizing Chain Growth of Polytelluoxane via Polymerization Induced Emission. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304518. [PMID: 37715281 PMCID: PMC10625080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing polymer chain growth is always a hot topic for tailoring structure-function properties in polymer chemistry. However, current characterization methods are limited in their ability to differentiate the degree of polymerization in real-time without isolating the samples from the reaction vessel, let alone to detect insoluble polymers. Herein, a reliable relationship is established between polymer chain growth and fluorescence properties through polymerization induced emission. (TPE-C2)2 -Te is used to realize in situ oxidative polymerization, leading to the aggregation of fluorophores. The relationship between polymerization degree of growing polytelluoxane (PTeO) and fluorescence intensity is constructed, enabling real-time monitoring of the polymerization reaction. More importantly, this novel method can be further applied to the observation of the polymerization process for growing insoluble polymer via surface polymerization. Therefore, the development of visualization technology will open a new avenue for visualizing polymer chain growth in real-time, regardless of polymer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesBeijing100084China
| | - Jinyan Si
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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Garcia A, Blum SA. Polymer Molecular Weight Determination via Fluorescence Lifetime. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22416-22420. [PMID: 36459633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Control of polymer molecular weight is critical for tailoring structure-function properties; however, traditional molecular weight characterization techniques have limited ability to determine the molecular weight of polymers in real time without sample removal from the reaction mixture, with spatial resolution, and of insoluble polymers. In this work, a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) method was developed that overcomes these limitations. The method is demonstrated with polynorbornene and polydicyclopentadiene, polymers derived from ruthenium-catalyzed ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The polymer Mw, ranging from 35 to 570 kg/mol as determined by gel-permeation chromatography, was quantitatively correlated with the fluorescence lifetime. The revealed correlation then enabled time-resolved measurement of Mw during an ongoing ROMP reaction, requiring only 1 s per measurement (of a 45 μm × 45 μm polymer sample area), and provided spatial resolution, resulting in simultaneous characterization of polymer morphology. To provide the fluorescence signal, the initial reaction solutions contained a very low doping of a reactive norbornene monomer labeled with fluorescent boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), such that 1 in every 107 monomers contained a fluorophore. The resulting FLIM visualization method enables the rapid determination of the molecular weights of growing polymers without removal from the reaction mixture and regardless of polymer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Yan S, Sun P, Niu N, Zhang Z, Xu W, Zhao S, Wang L, Wang D, Tang BZ. "One Stone, Four Birds" Ion Engineering to Fabricate Versatile Core-Shell Organosilica Nanoparticles for Intelligent Nanotheranostics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9785-9798. [PMID: 35653181 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective intelligent nanotheranostics is highly desirable for cancer treatment but remains challenging. In this study, an acidic tumor microenvironment-activated organosilica nanosystem, namely AD-Cu-DOX-HA, is straightforwardly constructed, which is composed of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active photosensitizer, copper ion-engineered aminosilica, direct coordination polymer of doxorubicin (DOX), and targeting component hyaluronic acid (HA). AD-Cu-DOX-HA is able to accurately distinguish cancer cells over normal cells; meanwhile, it simultaneously exhibits selective accumulation and copper ion-mediated rapid disassembly and turn-on fluorescence in tumor tissue, consequently achieving efficient tumor diagnosis and tumor-growth inhibition through fluorescence imaging-navigated synergetic photodynamic therapy, copper ion-mediated chemodynamic therapy, and DOX-enabled chemotherapy. This work thus brings fresh insight into the exploration of versatile theranostics and presents a momentous advance for potential clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Niu Niu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Zhao
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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