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Sun J, Dong J, Gao L, Zhao YQ, Moon H, Scott SL. Catalytic Upcycling of Polyolefins. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39151127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The large production volumes of commodity polyolefins (specifically, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and poly(vinyl chloride)), in conjunction with their low unit values and multitude of short-term uses, have resulted in a significant and pressing waste management challenge. Only a small fraction of these polyolefins is currently mechanically recycled, with the rest being incinerated, accumulating in landfills, or leaking into the natural environment. Since polyolefins are energy-rich materials, there is considerable interest in recouping some of their chemical value while simultaneously motivating more responsible end-of-life management. An emerging strategy is catalytic depolymerization, in which a portion of the C-C bonds in the polyolefin backbone is broken with the assistance of a catalyst and, in some cases, additional small molecule reagents. When the products are small molecules or materials with higher value in their own right, or as chemical feedstocks, the process is called upcycling. This review summarizes recent progress for four major catalytic upcycling strategies: hydrogenolysis, (hydro)cracking, tandem processes involving metathesis, and selective oxidation. Key considerations include macromolecular reaction mechanisms relative to small molecule mechanisms, catalyst design for macromolecular transformations, and the effect of process conditions on product selectivity. Metrics for describing polyolefin upcycling are critically evaluated, and an outlook for future advances is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Jinhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Hyunjin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Susannah L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
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2
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Palomino L, Gonzalez-Gamboa I, Garcia-Mendoza M, Monroy-Borrego AG, Tang L, Wang B, Tao A, Bae J, Steinmetz NF, Pokorski JK. Grafting-from Synthesis of Plant-Polynorbornene Biohybrid Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:726-733. [PMID: 38809767 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Plants, essential for food, oxygen, and economic stability, are under threat from human activities, biotic threats, and climate change, requiring rapid technological advancements for protection. Biohybrid systems, merging synthetic macromolecules with biological components, have provided improvement to biological systems in the past, namely, in the biomedical arena, motivating an opportunity to enhance plant well-being. Nevertheless, strategies for plant biohybrid systems remain limited. In this study, we present a method using grafting-from ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) under physiological conditions to integrate norbornene-derived polymers into live plants by spray coating. The approach involves creating biological macroinitiators on leaf surfaces, which enable subsequent polymerization of norbornene-derived monomers. Characterization techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, SEM EDS imaging, ICP-MS, nanoindentation, and XPS, confirmed the presence and characterized the properties of the polymeric layers on leaves. The demonstrated modifiability and biocompatibility could offer the potential to maintain plant health in various applications, including the development of thermal barriers, biosensors, and crop protection layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Palomino
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ivonne Gonzalez-Gamboa
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Moises Garcia-Mendoza
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrea G Monroy-Borrego
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lisa Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrea Tao
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jinhye Bae
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical Engineering Program University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Erdélyi Á, Farkas V, Turczel G, Nagyházi M, Bényei A, Recta MLL, Nagy T, Kéki S, Osterthun O, Klankermayer J, Tuba R. Synthesis and Application of Robust Spiro [Fluorene-9] CAAC Ruthenium Alkylidene Complexes for the "One-Pot" Conversion of Allyl Acetate to Butane-1,4-diol. Chemistry 2024:e202401918. [PMID: 38865343 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of a novel CAAC ligands featuring a spiro-fluorene group have been synthesized and complexed with ruthenium alkylidenes, yielding the corresponding Hoveyda-type derivatives as a new family of olefin metathesis catalysts. The novel complexes have been characterized by XRD, HRMS and NMR measurements. The synthetised complexes were tested in catalysis and showed good activity in olefin metathesis, as demonstrated on diethyl diallylmalonate and allyl acetate substrates. The unique backbone in the ligand with the large, yet inflexible condensed system renders interesting properties to the catalyst, exemplified by the good catalytic performance and improved Z-selectivity. In addition, the complex can also serve as a hydrogenation catalyst in a consecutive (one-pot) reaction. The latter reaction can convert allyl acetate to butane-1,4-diol, a valuable chemical intermediate for biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Erdélyi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
| | - Vajk Farkas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Márton Nagyházi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Merell Lystra Ledesma Recta
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Ole Osterthun
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Research Centre for Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Department of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprém, 8210, Hungary
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4
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Farkas V, Csókás D, Erdélyi Á, Turczel G, Bényei A, Nagy T, Kéki S, Pápai I, Tuba R. "Inverted" Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) Ruthenium Complex Catalyzed Isomerization Metathesis (ISOMET) of Long Chain Olefins to Propylene at Low Ethylene Pressure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400118. [PMID: 38482751 PMCID: PMC11109630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Isomerization Metathesis (ISOMET) reaction is an emerging tool for "open loop" chemical recycling of polyethylene to propylene. Novel, latent N-Alkyl substituted Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC)-ruthenium catalysts (5a-Ru, 3b-Ru - 6c-Ru) are developed rendering "inverted" chemical structure while showing enhanced ISOMET activity in combination with (RuHCl)(CO)(PPh3)3 (RuH) double bond isomerization co-catalyst. Systematic investigations reveal that the steric hindrance of the substituents on nitrogen and carbon atom adjacent to carbene moiety in the CAAC ligand have significantly improved the catalytic activity and robustness. In contrast to the NHC-Ru and CAAC-Ru catalyst systems known so far, these systems show higher isomerization metathesis (ISOMET) activity (TON: 7400) on the model compound 1-octadecene at as low as 3.0 bar optimized pressure, using technical grade (3.0) ethylene. The propylene content formed in the gas phase can reach up to 20% by volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajk Farkas
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and TechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 4BudapestH‐1111Hungary
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Ádám Erdélyi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Research Centre for BiochemicalEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal ProcessingUniversity of PannoniaEgyetem u. 10VeszprémH‐8210Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 1DebrecenH‐4032Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Institute of Organic ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Institute of Materials and Environmental ChemistryResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok körútja 2BudapestH‐1117Hungary
- Research Centre for BiochemicalEnvironmental and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of MOL Hydrocarbon and Coal ProcessingUniversity of PannoniaEgyetem u. 10VeszprémH‐8210Hungary
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5
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Talcik J, Serrato MR, Del Vecchio A, Colombel-Rouen S, Morvan J, Roisnel T, Jazzar R, Melaimi M, Bertrand G, Mauduit M. Cyclic (amino)(barrelene)carbene Ru-complexes: synthesis and reactivity in olefin metathesis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5346-5350. [PMID: 38450432 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of ruthenium-complexes with cyclic (amino)(barrelene)carbenes (namely CABCs) as ligands is reported. Isolated in moderate to good yields, these new complexes showed impressive thermal stability at 110 °C over several days. Good catalytic performances were demonstrated in various ring-closing metathesis (RCM), macrocyclic-RCM, ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM), cross-metathesis (CM), and ring-opening cross metathesis (ROCM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Talcik
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Melinda R Serrato
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Colombel-Rouen
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jennifer Morvan
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Marc Mauduit
- Univ. Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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6
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Kaur M, Adhikari M, Manar KK, Yogesh Y, Prakash D, Singh S. BICAAC-Derived Covalent and Cationic Ir(I) Complexes: Application of Ir(BICAAC)Cl(COD) Complexes as Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation and Hydrosilylation Reactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1513-1523. [PMID: 38192194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The ambiphilic bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (Me/iPrBICAAC) upon reaction with [IrCl(COD)]2 smoothly afford mononuclear Ir(I) complexes that have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. These complexes exhibit good catalytic activity for transfer hydrogenation (TH) of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde using isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH), with turnover frequency values ranging between 6269 and 8093 h-1. Choosing the covalent complex Ir(MeBICAAC)Cl(COD) as a catalyst, a wide array of carbonyls and imines functionalized with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents have been surveyed and afforded their reduced products in moderate-to-good yields. No detachment of the BICAAC unit from the Ir center was observed upon prolonged heating of Ir(MeBICAAC)Cl(COD) in toluene-d8 or isopropyl alcohol-d8, which evidenced good thermal stability of the catalyst. Complex Ir(MeBICAAC)Cl(COD) was also found to be catalytically active for the hydrosilylation of a variety of aldehydes using triethylsilane (Et3SiH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Manu Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Krishna K Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Yuvraj Yogesh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Darsana Prakash
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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Sytniczuk A, Struzik F, Grela K, Kajetanowicz A. A tunable family of CAAC-ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts modularly derived from a large-scale produced ibuprofen intermediate. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10744-10755. [PMID: 37829018 PMCID: PMC10566500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tunable CAAC-based ruthenium benzylidene complexes with increased lipophilicity derived from a ketone being a large-scale produced key substrate for a popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-ibuprofen was obtained and tested in various olefin metathesis transformations. As a group, these catalysts exhibited higher activity than their known analogues containing a smaller and less lipophilic phenyl substituent on the α-carbon atom, but in individual reactions, the size of the N-aryl moiety was revealed as a decisive factor. For example, in the cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with ethylene (ethenolysis)-a reaction with growing industrial potential-the best results were obtained when the N-aryl contained an isopropyl or tert-butyl substituent in the ortho position. At the same time, in the RCM, CM, and self-CM transformations involving larger olefinic substrates, the catalysts with smaller aryl-bearing CAAC ligands, where methyl and ethyl groups occupy ortho, ortho' positions performed better. This offers a great deal of tunability and allows for selection of the best catalyst for a given reaction while keeping the general structure (and manufacturing method) of the ibuprofen-intermediate derived CAAC ligand the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sytniczuk
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Filip Struzik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Kajetanowicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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8
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Jensen KH, Michel BW. Steric Modulation of CAACs Controls Orientation and Ethenolysis Performance. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100764. [PMID: 38434759 PMCID: PMC10906913 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Chem Catalysis, Sytniczuk, Kajetanowicz, and Grela report sterically tuned Cyclic(Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) ligands to protect the requisite Ru-methylidene ([Ru]=CH2) intermediate present during ethenolysis of renewable fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Surprising structural characteristics of the Ru-CAAC complexes resulted in TON up to 740,000 and sub-ppm catalyst loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, 57799, United States
| | - Brian W. Michel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, United States
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9
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Farkas V, Nagyházi M, Anastas PT, Klankermayer J, Tuba R. Making Persistent Plastics Degradable. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300553. [PMID: 37083068 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The vastness of the scale of the plastic waste problem will require a variety of strategies and technologies to move toward sustainable and circular materials. One of these strategies to address the challenge of persistent fossil-based plastics is new catalytic processes that are being developed to convert recalcitrant waste such as polyethylene to produce propylene, which can be an important precursor of high-performance polymers that can be designed to biodegrade or to degrade on demand. Remarkably, this process also enables the production of biodegradable polymers using renewable raw materials. In this Perspective, current catalyst systems and strategies that enable the catalytic degradation of polyethylene to propylene are presented. In addition, concepts for using "green" propylene as a raw material to produce compostable polymers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajk Farkas
- Yale Center for Green Chemistry and Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 286., Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Nagyházi
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 286., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul T Anastas
- Yale Center for Green Chemistry and Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg, 252074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Róbert Tuba
- Yale Center for Green Chemistry and Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, P.O. Box 286., Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Engineering, Research Centre of Biochemical, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, MOL Department of Hydrocarbon & Coal Processing, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
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10
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Sanz-Navarro S, Ballesteros-Soberanas J, Martínez-Castelló A, Doménech-Carbó A, Hernández-Garrido JC, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Mon M, Leyva-Pérez A. Evidence for Ruthenium(II) Peralkene Complexes as Catalytic Species during the Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes in Solution. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37393543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The isomerization (chain-walking) reaction of terminal to internal alkenes is catalyzed by part-per-million amounts of practically any Ru source when the reaction is carried out with a neat terminal alkene. Here, we provide evidence that the soluble starting Ru sources evolve to catalytically active peralkene Ru(II) species under reaction conditions. These species may also explain the isomerization products found during other Ru-catalyzed alkene processes, i.e., alkene metathesis reactions. A Finke-Watzky mechanism for catalyst formation is consistent with the evidence obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sanz-Navarro
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Ballesteros-Soberanas
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Valencia, Dr Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández-Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, Puerto Real 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Base Aérea de San Javier, C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Mon
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Lemcoff N, Nechmad NB, Eivgi O, Yehezkel E, Shelonchik O, Phatake RS, Yesodi D, Vaisman A, Biswas A, Lemcoff NG, Weizmann Y. Plasmonic visible-near infrared photothermal activation of olefin metathesis enabling photoresponsive materials. Nat Chem 2023; 15:475-482. [PMID: 36702882 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced catalysis and thermoplasmonics are promising fields creating many opportunities for innovative research. Recent advances in light-induced olefin metathesis have led to new applications in polymer and material science, but further improvements to reaction scope and efficiency are desired. Herein, we present the activation of latent ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts via the photothermal response of plasmonic gold nanobipyramids. Simple synthetic control over gold nanobipyramid size results in tunable localized surface plasmon resonance bands enabling catalyst initiation with low-energy visible and infrared light. This approach was applied to the ROMP of dicyclopentadiene, affording plasmonic polymer composites with exceptional photoresponsive and mechanical properties. Moreover, this method of catalyst activation was proven to be remarkably more efficient than activation through conventional heating in all the metathesis processes tested. This study paves the way for providing a wide range of photoinduced olefin metathesis processes in particular and photoinduced latent organic reactions in general by direct photothermal activation of thermally latent catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noy B Nechmad
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Or Eivgi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elad Yehezkel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ofir Shelonchik
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ravindra S Phatake
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron Yesodi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Vaisman
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Aritra Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - N Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yossi Weizmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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12
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Conk RJ, Hanna S, Shi JX, Yang J, Ciccia NR, Qi L, Bloomer BJ, Heuvel S, Wills T, Su J, Bell AT, Hartwig JF. Catalytic deconstruction of waste polyethylene with ethylene to form propylene. Science 2022; 377:1561-1566. [PMID: 36173865 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of polyolefins to monomers would create a valuable carbon feedstock from the largest fraction of waste plastic. However, breakdown of the main chains in these polymers requires the cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds that tend to resist selective chemical transformations. Here, we report the production of propylene by partial dehydrogenation of polyethylene and tandem isomerizing ethenolysis of the desaturated chain. Dehydrogenation of high-density polyethylene with either an iridium-pincer complex or platinum/zinc supported on silica as catalysts yielded dehydrogenated material containing up to 3.2% internal olefins; the combination of a second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs metathesis catalyst and [PdP(tBu)3(μ-Br)]2 as an isomerization catalyst selectively degraded this unsaturated polymer to propylene in yields exceeding 80%. These results show promise for the application of mild catalysis to deconstruct otherwise stable polyolefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Conk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jake X Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ji Yang
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicodemo R Ciccia
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Liang Qi
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brandon J Bloomer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steffen Heuvel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tyler Wills
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ji Su
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis T Bell
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Wang NM, Strong G, DaSilva V, Gao L, Huacuja R, Konstantinov IA, Rosen MS, Nett AJ, Ewart S, Geyer R, Scott SL, Guironnet D. Chemical Recycling of Polyethylene by Tandem Catalytic Conversion to Propylene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18526-18531. [PMID: 36178850 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are by far the world's largest volume plastics, only a tiny fraction of these energy-rich polyolefins are currently recycled. Depolymerization of PE to its constituent monomer, ethylene, is highly endothermic and conventionally accessible only through unselective, high-temperature pyrolysis. Here, we provide experimental demonstrations of our recently proposed tandem catalysis strategy, which uses ethylene to convert PE to propylene, the commodity monomer used to make PP. The approach combines rapid olefin metathesis with rate-limiting isomerization. Monounsaturated PE is progressively disassembled at modest temperatures via many consecutive ethenolysis events, resulting selectively in propylene. Fully saturated PE can be converted to unsaturated PE starting with a single transfer dehydrogenation to ethylene, which produces a small amount of ethane (1 equiv per dehydrogenation event). These principles are demonstrated using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. While selectivity under batch conditions is limited at high conversion by the formation of an equilibrium mixture of olefins, high selectivity to propylene (≥94%) is achieved in a semicontinuous process due to the continuous removal of propylene from the reaction mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Garrett Strong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa-Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vanessa DaSilva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa-Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rafael Huacuja
- The Dow Chemical Company, Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Ivan A Konstantinov
- The Dow Chemical Company, Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Mari S Rosen
- The Dow Chemical Company, Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Alex J Nett
- The Dow Chemical Company, 693 Washington St, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Sean Ewart
- The Dow Chemical Company, Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Roland Geyer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa-Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Susannah L Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa-Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Kim H, Lee E. Ambiphilic singlet carbenes: Electron donors and acceptors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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15
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Synthesis and catalytic olefin metathesis activity of amberlyst-15 supported cyclic and bicyclic alkyl amino carbene ruthenium complexes. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmberlyst-15 supported cyclic alkyl amino carbene and bicyclic alkyl amino carbene ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts for sustainable catalytic applications have been synthesized by the well-known wet impregnation method utilizing ionic complex/support interaction. Surface coverages are as high as 4 and 7 wt% were achieved in the case of the significantly higher pore volume Amberlyst-15, compared to Amberlyst-36. These phase separable catalysts show high activity in cross metathesis, ring closing metathesis and ethenolysis reactions compared to the reported heterogenized olefin metathesis catalysts. Leeching tests revealed no more than 1.5 ppm ruthenium content for the investigated metathesis reactions, which is well below the accepted 10 ppm limit in case of consumer products.
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