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Shima T, Zhuo Q, Zhou X, Wu P, Owada R, Luo G, Hou Z. Hydroamination of alkenes with dinitrogen and titanium polyhydrides. Nature 2024; 632:307-312. [PMID: 38885694 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
An ideal synthesis of alkyl amines would involve the direct use of abundant and easily accessible molecules such as dinitrogen (N2) and feedstock alkenes1-4. However, this ambition remains a great challenge as it is usually difficult to simultaneously activate both N2 and a simple alkene and combine them together through carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond formation. Currently, the synthesis of alkyl amines relies on the use of ammonia produced through the Haber-Bosch process and prefunctionalized electrophilic carbon sources. Here we report the hydroamination of simple alkenes with N2 in a trititanium hydride framework, which activates both alkenes and N2, leading to selective C-N bond formation and providing the corresponding alkyl amines on further hydrogenation and protonation. Computational studies reveal key mechanistic details of N2 activation and selective C-N bond formation. This work demonstrates a strategy for the transformation of N2 and simple hydrocarbons into nitrogen-containing organic compounds mediated by a multinuclear hydride framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shima
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan.
| | - Qingde Zhuo
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Ping Wu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ryota Owada
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan.
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan.
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2
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Le Dé Q, Bouammali A, Bijani C, Vendier L, Del Rosal I, Valyaev DA, Dinoi C, Simonneau A. An Experimental and Computational Investigation Rules Out Direct Nucleophilic Addition on the N 2 Ligand in Manganese Dinitrogen Complex [Cp(CO) 2 Mn(N 2 )]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305235. [PMID: 37379032 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We have re-examined the reactivity of the manganese dinitrogen complex [Cp(CO)2 Mn(N2 )] (1, Cp=η5 -cyclopentadienyl, C5 H5 ) with phenylithium (PhLi). By combining experiment and density functional theory (DFT), we have found that, unlike previously reported, the direct nucleophilic attack of the carbanion onto coordinated dinitrogen does not occur. Instead, PhLi reacts with one of the CO ligands to provide an anionic acylcarbonyl dinitrogen metallate [Cp(CO)(N2 )MnCOPh]Li (3) that is stable only below -40 °C. Full characterization of 3 (including single crystal X-ray diffraction) was performed. This complex decomposes quickly above -20 °C with N2 loss to give a phenylate complex [Cp(CO)2 MnPh]Li (2). The latter compound was erroneously formulated as an anionic diazenido compound [Cp(CO)2 MnN(Ph)=N]Li in earlier reports, ruling out the claimed and so-far unique behavior of the N2 ligand in 1. DFT calculations were run to explore both the hypothesized and the experimentally verified reactivity of 1 with PhLi and are fully consistent with our results. Direct attack of a nucleophile on metal-coordinated N2 remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Dé
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Amal Bouammali
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Dmitry A Valyaev
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, 31077, Toulouse cedex 4, France
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3
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Lebon J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Putting on the Crown: Synthesis and Reactivity of Trimethyltitanium. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lebon
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Calvo-Molina A, del Horno E, Jover J, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C, Zapata R. Monocyclopentadienyltitanium(III) Complexes with Hydridoborato Ligands. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Calvo-Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Tanabe Y, Nishibayashi Y. Recent advances in catalytic nitrogen fixation using transition metal–dinitrogen complexes under mild reaction conditions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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