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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Manna D, Lo R, Vacek J, Miriyala VM, Bouř P, Wu T, Osifová Z, Nachtigallová D, Dračinský M, Hobza P. The Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Ion-Pair Complex Unexpectedly Increases with Increasing Solvent Polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403218. [PMID: 38497312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The generally observed decrease of the electrostatic energy in the complex with increasing solvent polarity has led to the assumption that the stability of the complexes with ion-pair hydrogen bonds decreases with increasing solvent polarity. Besides, the smaller solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) of the complex in comparison with the isolated subsystems results in a smaller solvation energy of the latter, leading to a destabilization of the complex in the solvent compared to the gas phase. In our study, which combines Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Infrared Spectroscopy experiments, quantum chemical calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we question the general validity of this statement. We demonstrate that the binding free energy of the ion-pair hydrogen-bonded complex between 2-fluoropropionic acid and n-butylamine (CH3CHFCOO-…NH3But+) increases with increased solvent polarity. This phenomenon is rationalized by a substantial charge transfer between the subsystems that constitute the ion-pair hydrogen-bonded complex. This unexpected finding introduces a new perspective to our understanding of solvation dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between solvent polarity and molecular stability within hydrogen-bonded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vijay Madhav Miriyala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Osifová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračinský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 542/2, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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3
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Patrick SC, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Solvent effects in anion recognition. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:256-276. [PMID: 38448686 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anion recognition is pertinent to a range of environmental, medicinal and industrial applications. Recent progress in the field has relied on advances in synthetic host design to afford a broad range of potent recognition motifs and novel supramolecular structures capable of effective binding both in solution and at derived molecular films. However, performance in aqueous media remains a critical challenge. Understanding the effects of bulk and local solvent on anion recognition by host scaffolds is imperative if effective and selective detection in real-world media is to be viable. This Review seeks to provide a framework within which these effects can be considered both experimentally and theoretically. We highlight proposed models for solvation effects on anion binding and discuss approaches to retain strong anion binding in highly competitive (polar) solvents. The synthetic design principles for exploiting the aforementioned solvent effects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Falcioni F, Bennett S, Stroer-Jarvis P, Popelier PLA. Probing Non-Covalent Interactions through Molecular Balances: A REG-IQA Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1043. [PMID: 38474554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction energies of two series of molecular balances (1-X with X = H, Me, OMe, NMe2 and 2-Y with Y = H, CN, NO2, OMe, NMe2) designed to probe carbonyl…carbonyl interactions were analysed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)-D3 level of theory using the energy partitioning method of Interacting Quantum Atoms/Fragments (IQA/IQF). The partitioned energies are analysed by the Relative Energy Gradient (REG) method, which calculates the correlation between these energies and the total energy of a system, thereby explaining the role atoms have in the energetic behaviour of the total system. The traditional "back-of-the-envelope" open and closed conformations of molecular balances do not correspond to those of the lowest energy. Hence, more care needs to be taken when considering which geometries to use for comparison with the experiment. The REG-IQA method shows that the 1-H and 1-OMe balances behave differently to the 1-Me and 1-NMe2 balances because the latter show more prominent electrostatics between carbonyl groups and undergoes a larger dihedral rotation due to the bulkiness of the functional groups. For the 2-Y balance, REG-IQA shows the same behaviour across the series as the 1-H and 1-OMe balances. From an atomistic point of view, the formation of the closed conformer is favoured by polarisation and charge-transfer effects on the amide bond across all balances and is counterbalanced by a de-pyramidalisation of the amide nitrogen. Moreover, focusing on the oxygen of the amide carbonyl and the α-carbon of the remaining carbonyl group, electrostatics have a major role in the formation of the closed conformer, which goes against the well-known n-π* interaction orbital overlap concept. However, REG-IQF shows that exchange-correlation energies overtake electrostatics for all the 2-Y balances when working with fragments around the carbonyl groups, while they act on par with electrostatics for the 1-OMe and 1-NMe2. REG-IQF also shows that exchange-correlation energies in the 2-Y balance are correlated to the inductive electron-donating and -withdrawing trends on aromatic groups. We demonstrate that methods such as REG-IQA/IQF can help with the fine-tuning of molecular balances prior to the experiment and that the energies that govern the probed interactions are highly dependent on the atoms and functional groups involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Falcioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Pallas Stroer-Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul L A Popelier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Díaz-Casado L, Villacampa A, Corzana F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gómez AM, Santana AG, Asensio JL. Illuminating a Solvent-Dependent Hierarchy for Aromatic CH/π Complexes with Dynamic Covalent Glyco-Balances. JACS AU 2024; 4:476-490. [PMID: 38425929 PMCID: PMC10900200 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CH/π interactions are prevalent among aromatic complexes and represent invaluable tools for stabilizing well-defined molecular architectures. Their energy contributions are exceptionally sensitive to various structural and environmental factors, resulting in a context-dependent nature that has led to conflicting findings in the scientific literature. Consequently, a universally accepted hierarchy for aromatic CH/π interactions has remained elusive. Herein, we present a comprehensive experimental investigation of aromatic CH/π complexes, employing a novel approach that involves isotopically labeled glyco-balances generated in situ. This innovative strategy not only allows us to uncover thermodynamic insights but also delves into the often less-accessible domain of kinetic information. Our analyses have yielded more than 180 new free energy values while considering key factors such as solvent properties, the interaction geometry, and the presence and nature of accompanying counterions. Remarkably, the obtained results challenge conventional wisdom regarding the stability order of common aromatic complexes. While it was believed that cationic CH/π interactions held the highest strength, followed by polarized CH/π, nonpolarized CH/π, and finally anionic CH/π interactions, our study reveals that this hierarchy can be subverted depending on the environment. Indeed, the performance of polarized CH/π interactions can match or even outcompete that of cationic CH/π interactions making them a more reliable stabilization strategy across the entire spectrum of solvent polarity. Overall, our results provide valuable guidelines for the selection of optimal interacting partners in every chemical environment, allowing the design of tailored aromatic complexes with applications in supramolecular chemistry, organocatalysis, and/or material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-Casado
- Departamento
de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química
Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villacampa
- Departamento
de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química
Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Basque
Researchand Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIC bioGUNE, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Basque
Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gómez
- Departamento
de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química
Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés G. Santana
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología
(IPNA-CSIC), San Cristóbal
de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38206, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Asensio
- Departamento
de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química
Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Florez E, Zapata-Escobar AD, Ferraro F, Ibargüen Becerra C, Chamorro Y, Maldonado AF. Coordination of Mercury(II) in Water Promoted over Hydrolysis in Solvated Clusters [Hg(H 2O) 1-6] (aq)2+: Insights from Relativistic Effects and Free Energy Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8032-8049. [PMID: 37672217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of the interaction between mercury(II) ions, Hg2+, and water molecules is crucial to describe the stability and chemical behavior of structures formed during solvation, as well as the conditions that favor the Hg2+ coordination or inducing water hydrolysis. In our study, we explored exhaustively the potential energy surface of Hg2+ with up to six water molecules. We analyzed electronic and Gibbs free energies, binding, and nuclear magnetic resonance parameters. We used the zeroth-order regular approximation Hamiltonian, including scalar and spin-orbit relativistic corrections for free energy calculations and geometry optimizations to explore the interplay between electron correlation and relativistic effects. We analyzed intermolecular interactions with energy decomposition analysis, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and natural bond orbital. Additionally, we used the four-component Dirac Hamiltonian to compute solvent effect on the magnetic shielding and J-coupling constants. Our results revealed that the water hydrolysis by Hg2+ requires a minimum of three water molecules. We found that the interaction between Hg2+ and water molecules is an orbital interaction due to relativistic effects and the most stable structures are opened-shape clusters, reducing the number of oxygen-mercury contacts and maximizing the formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules. In these types of clusters, Hg2+ promotes the water hydrolysis over coordination with oxygen atoms. However, when we considered the change associated with the transfer of a cluster from the ideal gas to a solvated system, our solvation free energy analysis revealed that closed-shape clusters are more favorable, maximizing the number of oxygen-mercury contacts and reducing the formation of hydrogen bonds among water molecules. This finding suggests that, under room conditions, the coordination of Hg2+ is more favorable than hydrolysis. Our results have significant implications for understanding Hg2+ behavior in water, helping to develop targeted strategies for mercury remediation and management, and contributing to advancements in the broader field of environmental chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Florez
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andy D Zapata-Escobar
- Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
- Physics Department, Natural and Exact Science Faculty, Northeastern University, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Franklin Ferraro
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - César Ibargüen Becerra
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Antioquia, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
- Facultad de Arquitectura e Ingeniería, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia (IUCMA), 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yuly Chamorro
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro F Maldonado
- Institute for Modeling and Innovative Technology (IMIT), CONICET-UNNE, W3404AAS Corrientes, Argentina
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7
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Chow M, Lambros E, Li X, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital QM/MM Approach: Geometry Optimizations and Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37329317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods allow simulations of chemical reactions in atomistic solvent and heterogeneous environments such as proteins. Herein, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) QM/MM approach is introduced to enable the quantization of specified nuclei, typically protons, in the QM region using a method such as NEO-density functional theory (NEO-DFT). This approach includes proton delocalization, polarization, anharmonicity, and zero-point energy in geometry optimizations and dynamics. Expressions for the energies and analytical gradients associated with the NEO-QM/MM method, as well as the previously developed polarizable continuum model (NEO-PCM), are provided. Geometry optimizations of small organic molecules hydrogen bonded to water in either dielectric continuum solvent or explicit atomistic solvent illustrate that aqueous solvation can strengthen hydrogen-bonding interactions for the systems studied, as indicated by shorter intermolecular distances at the hydrogen-bond interface. We then performed a real-time direct dynamics simulation of a phenol molecule in explicit water using the NEO-QM/MM method. These developments and initial examples provide the foundation for future studies of nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics in complex chemical and biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Li X, Ge W, Guo S, Bai J, Hong W. Characterization and Application of Supramolecular Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216819. [PMID: 36585932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The convergence of supramolecular chemistry and single-molecule electronics offers a new perspective on supramolecular electronics, and provides a new avenue toward understanding and application of intermolecular charge transport at the molecular level. In this review, we will provide an overview of the advances in the characterization technique for the investigation of intermolecular charge transport, and summarize the experimental investigation of several non-covalent interactions, including π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding, host-guest interactions and σ-σ interactions at the single-molecule level. We will also provide a perspective on supramolecular electronics and discuss the potential applications and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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9
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Miao L, Zhang J, Tang F, Teng M, Li Y. Construction of targeted 10B delivery agents and their uptake in gastric and pancreatic cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1105472. [PMID: 36845737 PMCID: PMC9947830 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a new binary radiation therapy for tumor tissue, which kills tumor cells with neutron capture reaction. Boron neutron capture therapy has become a technical means for glioma, melanoma, and other diseases has been included in the clinical backup program. However, BNCT is faced with the key problem of developing and innovating more efficient boron delivery agents to solve the targeting and selectivity. We constructed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor-L-p-boronophenylalanine (TKI-BPA) molecule, aiming to improve the selectivity of boron delivery agents by conjugating targeted drugs while increasing the molecular solubility by adding hydrophilic groups. It shows excellent selectivity in differential uptake of cells, and its solubility is more than 6 times higher than BPA, leading to the saving of boron delivery agents. This modification method is effective for improving the efficiency of the boron delivery agent and is expected to become a potential alternative with high clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengchao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lele Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Muzhou Teng
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yumin Li, ; Muzhou Teng,
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yumin Li, ; Muzhou Teng,
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10
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Blue Emission of Tetrafluorobenzocarbazole Under the Interactions of Nitrogen–oxygen Saturated hydrogen Bonds with Aggregated Proton Acid. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:895-910. [PMID: 36520363 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two novel tetrafluorobenzocarbazole and containing the amino branch introduced at the end of the molecule are synthesized by a simple method. The tetrafluorobenzocarbazole as the electron donor with electron-rich fluoride ions connected by π-benzyl ring conjugation structure, which affects the overall electron cloud density. Moreover, the amino branch introduced at the end of the molecule, which makes it easy to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds and affected photophysical properties. Meanwhile, the photophysical property of both compounds are discussed under different acidic conditions. The UV-absorption show that around ~286 nm is mainly attributed to the strong structural absorption band peak of the π-π ∗ transition of the carbazole moiety, and the irregular absorption band around ~314 nm and ~326 nm are mainly attributed to the n-π ∗ transition of the carbazole group conjugate with the adjacent molecule. The emission spectrum of both compounds showed that the intensity of fluorescence decreased in different degrees after the addition of the acidic solution. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties were evidenced by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the orbital conformation (HOMOs-LUMOs) was simulated by Gaussian 09 software and its crystal structure was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results exhibited that both compounds are electrochemically stable blue small-molecule fluorescent substances, and expected that both compounds can be novel and stable acid-sensitive organic blue-light materials.
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11
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Miriyala VM, Lo R, Bouř P, Wu T, Nachtigallová D, Hobza P. Unexpected Strengthening of the H-Bond Complexes in a Polar Solvent Due to a More Efficient Solvation of the Complex Compared to Isolated Monomers. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7938-7943. [PMID: 36263696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that hydrogen-bonded complexes are less stable in solvents than in the gas phase and that their stability decreases with increasing solvent polarity. This assumption is based on the size of the area available to the solvent, which is always smaller in the complex compared to the subsystems, thereby reducing the solvation energy. This reduction prevails over the amplification of the electrostatic hydrogen bond by the polar solvent. In this work, we show, using experimental IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, that there are hydrogen-bonded complexes whose stability becomes greater with increasing solvent polarity. The explanation for this surprising stabilization is based on the analysis of the charge redistribution in the complex leading to increase of its dipole moment and solvation energy. Constrained DFT calculations have shown a dominant role of charge transfer over polarization effects for dipole moment and solvation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Madhav Miriyala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tau Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Nachtigallová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Námĕstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic.,IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic
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Paiva SL. Weighing up solvent effects. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:448. [PMID: 37117310 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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