1
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Jahan K, Sood M, Jain O, Sahoo SC, Bharatam PV. Directed regioselective arylation of imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine-3-carboxamides using Rh(III) catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39155840 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01166j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to previously reported free-radical pathways to functionalize imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines at the C-5 centre, directing group approaches are rare. Herein, we demonstrate a rhodium(III) catalyzed efficient and regioselective strategy for directed C-5 functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using N-methoxyamide as a directing group. This methodology facilitates directed arylation without the necessity for pre-functionalization. It also allows for gram-scale synthesis and post-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousar Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No.-3, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India-201306
| | - Mehak Sood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
| | - Osheen Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
| | - Subash C Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160014, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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2
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Wang R, Martínez S, Schwarzmann J, Zhao CZ, Ramler J, Lichtenberg C, Wang YM. Transition Metal Mimetic π-Activation by Cationic Bismuth(III) Catalysts for Allylic C-H Functionalization of Olefins Using C═O and C═N Electrophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22122-22128. [PMID: 39102739 PMCID: PMC11328129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The discovery and utilization of main-group element catalysts that behave similarly to transition metal (TM) complexes have become increasingly active areas of investigation in recent years. Here, we report a series of Lewis acidic bismuth(III) complexes that allow for the catalytic allylic C(sp3)-H functionalization of olefins via an organometallic complexation-assisted deprotonation mechanism to generate products containing new C-C bonds. This heretofore unexplored mode of main-group reactivity was applied to the regioselective functionalization of 1,4-dienes and allylbenzene substrates. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support the key steps of the proposed catalytic cycle, including the intermediacy of elusive Bi-olefin complexes and allylbismuth species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Z Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jacqueline Ramler
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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3
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Scrivener SG, Wang YM. A C-H functionalization approach to diverse nitrogenous scaffolds through conjugate addition of catalytic allyliron nucleophiles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8850-8857. [PMID: 38873053 PMCID: PMC11168081 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyliron(ii) dicarbonyl complexes capable of coordinating to and enhancing the acidity of a range of unsaturated substrates have emerged as a new class of base-metal derived catalysts for C-H functionalization. In this manuscript, the iron-catalyzed C-H functionalization of allylic C(sp3)-H bonds using nitrogen containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as coupling partners is reported. Employing a cationic cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl complex, this redox neutral process converts simple alkenes into allylic anion equivalents for 1,4-addition into maleimides, acyclic α,β-unsaturated imides, and vinylogous amides. The judicious pairing of pyridine and alkylamine bases with Lewis acid additives allowed each of these classes of substrates to be successfully employed, allowing for the formation of a diverse collection of cyclic and acyclic nitrogen-containing compounds featuring C-C unsaturation. The resulting Michael adducts can be further transformed into a variety of useful scaffolds such as allylated pyrroles, pyrrolidines, and carbocyclic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Scrivener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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4
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Dey S, Charlack AD, Durham AC, Zhu J, Wang Y, Wang YM. Synthesis of 1,3-Enynes by Iron-Catalyzed Propargylic C-H Functionalization: An Alkyne Analogue for the Eschenmoser Methenylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3355-3360. [PMID: 38604973 PMCID: PMC11059102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the conversion of alkyl-substituted alkynes to 1,3-enynes is reported. In this α-methenylation process, an iron-catalyzed propargylic C-H functionalization delivers tetramethylpiperidine-derived homopropargylic amines which undergo facile Cope elimination upon N-oxidation to afford the enyne products. A range of aryl alkyl and dialkyl acetylenes were found to be suitable substrates for this process, which constitutes an alkyne analogue for the Eschenmoser methenylation of carbonyl derivatives. In addition, a new bench-stable precatalyst for iron-catalyzed propargylic C-H functionalization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Aaron D. Charlack
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Austin C. Durham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- School
of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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5
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Zhu J, Xiang H, Chang H, Corcoran JC, Ding R, Xia Y, Liu P, Wang YM. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Synthesis of Propargyl- and Allenylsilanes through Catalytic Propargylic C-H Deprotonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318040. [PMID: 38349957 PMCID: PMC11003844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly enantioselective intermolecular C-H bond silylation catalyzed by a phosphoramidite-ligated iridium catalyst. Under reagent-controlled protocols, propargylsilanes resulting from C(sp3)-H functionalization, as well the regioisomeric and synthetically versatile allenylsilanes, could be obtained with excellent levels of enantioselectivity and good to excellent control of propargyl/allenyl selectivity. In the case of unsymmetrical dialkyl acetylenes, good to excellent selectivity for functionalization at the less-hindered site was also observed. A variety of electrophilic silyl sources (R3SiOTf and R3SiNTf2), either commercial or in situ-generated, were used as the silylation reagents, and a broad range of simple and functionalized alkynes, including aryl alkyl acetylenes, dialkyl acetylenes, 1,3-enynes, and drug derivatives were successfully employed as substrates. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations suggest that an η3-propargyl/allenyl Ir intermediate is generated upon π-complexation-assisted deprotonation and undergoes outer-sphere attack by the electrophilic silylating reagent to give propargylic silanes, with the latter step identified as the enantiodetermining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hengye Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hai Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - James C Corcoran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ruiqi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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6
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Cattani S, Cera G. Modern Organometallic C-H Functionalizations with Earth-Abundant Iron Catalysts: An Update. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300897. [PMID: 38051920 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed C-H activation has recently emerged as an increasingly powerful synthetic method for the step- and atom- economical direct C-H functionalizations of otherwise inert C-H bonds. Iron's low-cost and toxicity along with its catalytic versatility have encouraged the scientific community to elect this metal for the development of new C-H activation methodologies. Within this review, we aim to present a collection of the most recent examples of iron-catalyzed C-H functionalizations with a particular emphasis on modern synthetic strategies and mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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7
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Zhang Z, Li J, Xi C. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aldehydes with Allylic Alcohols in the Presence of CO 2. Org Lett 2023; 25:8178-8182. [PMID: 37933552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
CO2-assisted and Ni-catalyzed direct reductive allylation of aldehydes utilizing allylic alcohols as allylic precursor has been reported. Various homoallyl alcohols could be synthesized in excellent yield with enhanced regioselectivity and stereoselectivity for alkyl- and aryl-substituted aldehydes under mild conditions. For different substrates, proper collocation of the catalytic precursor and ligand is crucial. Preliminary mechanistic studies supported the reaction pathway through a sequential allyl hydrocarbonate formation/allylnickelation/coordination insertion process by the Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycle, which has been proven by cyclic voltammetry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- MOE Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Xi
- MOE Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang ZC, Zhang JW, Koh MJ, Shi SL. Divergent and Selective Light Alkene Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310203. [PMID: 37786301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Light olefins are abundantly manufactured in the petroleum industry and thus represent ideal starting materials for modern chemical synthesis. Selective and divergent transformations of feedstock light olefins to value-added chemicals are highly sought-after but remain challenging. Herein we report an exceptionally regioselective carbonickelation of light alkenes followed by in situ trapping with three types of nucleophiles, namely a reductant, base, or Grignard reagent. This protocol enables efficient 1,2-hydrofunctionalization, dicarbofunctionalization, and branched-selective Heck-type cross-coupling of light alkenes with aryl and alkenyl reagents to streamline access to diverse alkyl arenes and complex alkenes. Harnessing bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with acenaphthyl backbones for nickel catalysts is crucial to attain high reactivity and selectivity. This strategy provides a rare, modular, and divergent platform for upgrading feedstock alkenes and is expected to find broad applications in medicinal chemistry and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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9
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Durham AC, Liu CR, Wang YM. Iron-Mediated C-H Functionalization of Unactivated Alkynes for the Synthesis of Derivatized Dihydropyrrolones: Regioselectivity Under Thermodynamic Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301195. [PMID: 37203356 PMCID: PMC10525034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl-based complexes present opportunities for underexplored disconnections in synthesis. Access to challenging dihydropyrrolone products is achieved by propargylic C-H functionalization of alkynes for the formation of cyclic organoiron species. Excellent regioselectivity for unsymmetrical alkynes is observed in many cases. Notably, regioselectivity under these stoichiometric conditions diverges from those observed previously under catalysis, occurring at the more-substituted terminus of the alkyne, allowing for methine functionalization and the formation of quaternary centers. Divergent demetallation of the intermediate organoiron complexes gives access to chemically diverse products which are amenable to further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Durham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cindy R Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Scrivener SG, Wang Y, Wang YM. Iron-Catalyzed Coupling of Alkenes and Enones: Sakurai-Michael-type Conjugate Addition of Catalytic Allyliron Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2023; 25:1420-1424. [PMID: 36847432 PMCID: PMC10006348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The iron-catalyzed coupling of alkenes and enones through allylic C(sp3)-H functionalization is reported. This redox-neutral process employs a cyclopentadienyliron(II) dicarbonyl catalyst and simple alkene substrates to generate catalytic allyliron intermediates for 1,4-addition to chalcones and other conjugated enones. The use of 2,4,6-collidine as the base and a combination of triisopropylsilyl triflate and LiNTf2 as Lewis acids was found to facilitate this transformation under mild, functional group-tolerant conditions. Both electronically unactivated alkenes as well as allylbenzene derivatives could be employed as pronucleophilic coupling partners, as could a range of enones bearing electronically varied substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Scrivener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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