1
|
Yu IF, D'Angelo KA, Hernandez-Mejías ÁD, Cheng N, Hartwig JF. 2-Aminophenanthroline Ligands Enable Mild, Undirected, Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7124-7129. [PMID: 38456743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic, undirected borylation of alkyl C-H bonds typically occurs at high reaction temperatures or with excess substrate, or both, because of the low reactivity of alkyl C-H bonds. Here we report a new iridium system comprising 2-anilino-1,10-phenanthroline as the ligand that catalyzes the borylation of alkyl C-H bonds with little to no induction period and with high reaction rates. This superior activation and reactivity profile of 2-aminophenanthroline-ligated catalysts leads to broader reaction scope, including reactions of sensitive substrates, such as epoxides and glycosidic acetals, enhanced diastereoselectivity, and higher yields of borylated products. These catalysts also enable the borylation of alkanes, amines, and ethers at room temperature for the first time. Mechanistic studies imply that facile N-borylation occurs under the reaction conditions and that iridium complexes containing N-boryl aminophenanthrolines are competent precatalysts for the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyan A D'Angelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nanrun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prysiazhniuk K, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Gudzikevych K, Datsenko OP, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Borylated cyclobutanes via thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3249-3254. [PMID: 38425521 PMCID: PMC10901489 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06600b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A one-step approach to borylated cyclobutanes from amides of carboxylic acids and vinyl boronates is elaborated. The reaction proceeds via the thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of in situ-generated keteniminium salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Prysiazhniuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Oleksandr Polishchuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Stanislav Shulha
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Kyrylo Gudzikevych
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Oleksandr P Datsenko
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Winston Churchill St. 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine https://www.mykhailiukchem.org
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naeem Y, Matsuo BT, Davies HML. Enantioselective Intermolecular C-H Functionalization of Primary Benzylic C-H Bonds Using ((Aryl)(diazo)methyl)phosphonates. ACS Catal 2024; 14:124-130. [PMID: 38205024 PMCID: PMC10775147 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization using donor/acceptor carbenes has been shown to be an efficient process capable of high levels of site control and stereocontrol. This study demonstrated that the scope of the donor/acceptor carbene C-H functionalization can be extended to systems where the acceptor group is a phosphonate. When using the optimized dirhodium catalyst, Rh2(S-di-(4-Br)TPPTTL)4, ((aryl)(diazo)methyl)phosphonates undergo highly enantioselective (84-99% ee) and site-selective (>30:1 r.r.) benzylic C-H functionalization. The phosphonate group is much more sterically demanding than the previously studied carboxylate ester group, leading to much higher selectivity for a primary site versus more sterically crowded positions. The effectiveness of this methodology has been demonstrated by the late-stage primary C-H functionalization of estrone, adapalene, (S)-naproxen, clofibrate, and gemfibrozil derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bianca T. Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Connell AC, Mansour PA, Maleczka RE, Smith MR. Regiochemical Switching in Ir-Catalyzed C-H Borylation by Altering Ligand Loadings of N,B-Type Diboron Species. Org Lett 2023; 25:8057-8061. [PMID: 37939287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional reaction conditions in Ir-catalyzed C-H borylation consist of a 2:1 ligand to Ir metal ratio, affording C(sp2)-H borylation at the least sterically hindered position. We found that lowering the ligand to metal ratio of a N,B-type diboron (BB) preligand in respect to the IrI precatalyst to 0.5:1 affords the chelate controlled ortho product. Switching from steric-directed to chelate-directed products is shown for various substituted arenes and (hetero)arenes containing Lewis-basic functionalities. This work offers the first example of obtaining complementary regioisomers as the major product by altering the ligand loading in CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex C O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing 48824-1322, Michigan United States
| | - Pauline A Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing 48824-1322, Michigan United States
| | - Robert E Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing 48824-1322, Michigan United States
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing 48824-1322, Michigan United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu IF, Wilson JW, Hartwig JF. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Silylation and Borylation of C-H Bonds for the Synthesis and Functionalization of Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11619-11663. [PMID: 37751601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds in organic molecules containing functional groups has been one of the holy grails of catalysis. One synthetically important approach to the diverse functionalization of C-H bonds is the catalytic silylation or borylation of C-H bonds, which enables a broad array of downstream transformations to afford diverse structures. Advances in both undirected and directed methods for the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds have led to their rapid adoption in early-, mid-, and late-stage of the synthesis of complex molecules. In this Review, we review the application of the transition-metal-catalyzed silylation and borylation of C-H bonds to the synthesis of bioactive molecules, organic materials, and ligands. Overall, we aim to provide a picture of the state of art of the silylation and borylation of C-H bonds as applied to the synthesis and modification of diverse architectures that will spur further application and development of these reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake W Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu L, Lu P. Enantioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition of 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutenones: vicinal quaternary stereocenters construction and skeletal functionalization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8355-8359. [PMID: 37564417 PMCID: PMC10411620 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloaddition is a fundamental transformation, featuring the assembly of complex cyclic molecules with multiple stereocenters. We report here a silver-catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition of 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutenones with an array of azomethine ylide precursors iminoesters, furnishing azabicycles in good yields and enantioselectivities. Up to three contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers, including two angular stereocenters, could be constructed efficiently, due to high reactivity of strained cyclobutenones. Subsequent skeletal remodeling provided versatile molecules with distinct structural characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Lu Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Lu Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie T, Chen L, Shen Z, Xu S. Simple Ether-Directed Enantioselective C(sp 3 )-H Borylation of Cyclopropanes Enabled by Iridium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300199. [PMID: 36762972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is an efficient and simple ether-directed iridium-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp3 )-H borylation of cyclopropanes. Various functional groups were well-tolerated, affording a vast array of chiral cyclopropanes with high enantioselectivities. We also demonstrated that the turnover numbers of the current reaction could be up to 335.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|