1
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Yao YF, Song JW, Zhang CP. Base-mediated synthesis of aryl enol ethers from α-aryl allylic alcohols and arylsulfonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7866-7873. [PMID: 39234762 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of aryl enol ethers from allylic alcohols and arylsulfonium salts by simply using an inorganic base as a mediator is described. The reaction enabled the facile conversion of various α-aryl allylic alcohols into the corresponding aryl enol ethers in good yields with excellent selectivity. The results demonstrated that both symmetric triarylsulfonium triflate and 10-methyl-5-aryl-5,10-dihydrophenothiazin-5-ium salts were effective arylation reagents for the base-initiated selective O-arylation and isomerization of α-aryl allylic alcohols. This reaction represents the first use of arylsulfonium salts as arylation reagents to access aryl enol ethers directly from allylic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Yao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jia-Wei Song
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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2
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Huang AX, Li R, Lv QY, Yu B. Photocatalytic Sulfonylation: Innovations and Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402416. [PMID: 39003604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, converting sustainable solar energy into chemical energy, has emerged as a promising craft to achieve diverse organic transformations due to its mild reaction conditions, sustainability, and high efficiency. The synthesis of sulfonated compounds has drawn significant attention in the pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials industries due to the unique structure and electronic properties of the sulfonyl groups. Over the past decades, many photocatalytic sulfonylation reactions have been developed. In this review, the recent advances in photocatalyzed sulfonylation have been reviewed since 2020, with a primary focus on discussing reaction design and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Xiang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Qi-Yan Lv
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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3
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Dang X, Li Z, Shang J, Zhang C, Wang C, Xu Z. Photoinduced C(sp 3)-H Bicyclopentylation Enabled by an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Mediated Chemoselective Three-Component Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400494. [PMID: 38598042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The photoredox electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex-mediated radical coupling reaction has gained prominence in the field of organic synthesis, finding widespread application in two-component coupling reactions. However, EDA complex-promoted multi-component reactions are not well developed with only a limited number of examples have been reported. Herein, we report a photoinduced and EDA complex-promoted highly chemoselective three-component radical arylalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane, which allows the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H with bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP)-aryl groups under mild conditions. A variety of unnatural α-amino acids, featuring structurally diversified 1,3-disubstituted BCP moieties, were synthesized in a single-step process. Notably, leveraging the high tension release of [1.1.1]propellane, the highly unstable transient aryl radical undergoes rapid conversion into a relatively stable tertiary alkyl transient radical, and consequently, the competing side-reaction of two-component coupling was entirely suppressed. The strategic use of this transient radical conversion approach would be useful for the design of diverse EDA complex-mediated multi-component reactions. It is noteworthy that the highly chemoselective late-stage incorporation of the 1,3-disubstituted BCP pharmacophores into peptides was achieved both in liquid-phase and solid-phase reactions. This advancement is anticipated to have significant application potential in the future development of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinlong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Technology & Engineering Institute of Lanzhou University, Gongyuan Road, Baiyin, 730900, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, 2019RU066, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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4
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Wu Q, Li X, Ma J, Shi Y, Lv J, Yang D. Arylcyanation of Styrenes by Photoactive Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes/Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:7949-7955. [PMID: 39259680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex/copper catalysis model has been proposed for the construction of 2,3-diarylpropionitriles under visible light conditions. The developed protocol proceeds via intermolecular charge transfer between the photoactive EDA complex of dibutamine (DBA), aryl thianthrenium salts, and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), followed by a copper catalytic cycle. UV-vis absorption measurements confirm the participation of EDA complexes as reactive intermediates. This three-component process proceeds smoothly in the presence of pharmaceutically relevant core structures and sensitive functional groups, which offers the possibility of the precise editing of drug molecules with important scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Zhejiang Wansheng Co., Ltd., Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yongjia Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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5
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Gan Z, Chen J, Wang H, Xue Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zi H, Liu S, Shi L, Jin Y. Photoinduced Phosphoniumation of Aryl Halides and Arylthianthrenium Salts via an Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:7751-7756. [PMID: 39235211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable practicality and utility, phosphonium salts have attracted substantial interest and are widely applied in critical areas, such as medicine, materials science, and catalysis. Herein, we developed a facile and photocatalyst/metal-free synthetic strategy for the preparation of phosphonium salts utilizing aryl halides/arylthianthrenium salts as aryl radical precursors. This approach is disclosed to undergo an efficient light-induced electron donor-acceptor pathway, facilitating the synthesis of a structurally diverse range of phosphonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, People's Republic of China
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6
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Sun J, Tong H, Yan Y, Huang Z, Chen X, Huang Y. Cu-Promoted Divergent Phosphination of Alkynylsulfonium Salts with Diarylphosphines. Org Lett 2024; 26:7414-7418. [PMID: 39189969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
An efficient copper-promoted divergent phosphination of alkynylsulfonium salts 1 with secondary diarylphosphines 2 that tolerates a wide range of functional groups under mild conditions is reported. The use of excess alkynyl dibenzothiophenium salts (1/2 > 1, mole ratio) enables the phosphination to deliver alkynyl monophosphine products via a C(sp)-P cross-coupling in good to high yields, while the use of excess secondary diarylphosphines (1/2 < 0.5, mole ratio) leads to a type of cis-ethenyl bisphosphine products via sequential stereoselective double phosphination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Tong
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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7
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Hann JL, Lyall CL, Kociok-Köhn G, Faverio C, Pantoş GD, Lewis SE. Unusual Regio- and Chemoselectivity in Oxidation of Pyrroles and Indoles Enabled by a Thianthrenium Salt Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405057. [PMID: 38830180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A dearomative oxidation of pyrroles to Δ3-pyrrol-2-ones is described, which employs a sulfoxide as oxidant, in conjunction with a carboxylic acid anhydride and a Brønsted acid additive. 3-substituted pyrroles undergo regioselective oxidation to give the product isomer in which oxygen has been introduced at the more hindered position. Regioselectivity is rationalized by a proposed mechanism that proceeds by initial thianthrenium introduction at the less-hindered pyrrole α-position, followed by distal attack of an oxygen nucleophile and subsequent elimination of thianthrene. The same reaction conditions are also able to effect a chemoselective oxidation of indoles to indolin-3-ones and additionally of indolin-3-ones to 2-hydroxyindolin-3-ones. Here again, the regio- and chemoselectivities are rationalized through the intermediacy of a thianthrenium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Hann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L Lyall
- Research Facilities, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chiara Faverio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sustainability and Climate Change, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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8
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He Z, Li Z, Lai S, Li H. Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Enabled Cyclization/Sulfonylation Cascade of N-Heterocycles with Thianthrenium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:6652-6657. [PMID: 39058904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-promoted cyclization/sulfonylation cascade of N-heterocycles with thianthrenium salts using DABSO as the SO2 surrogate. This method features excellent functional group tolerance, wide substrate scope, and late-stage elaboration of bioactive relevant molecules. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between thianthrenium salts and DABCO are capable of the generation of aryl radicals, which induce the following SO2 insertion by attacking DABSO, thus triggering the key radical cyclization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun He
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Lai
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
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9
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Li X, Li XD. Using dimethylsulfonium to identify readers of methylation. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1221-1222. [PMID: 39079946 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Liu J, Feng Z, Li H, Yu Z, Wang H, Tang B. Efficient late-stage synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts from organothianthrenium salts via photocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39073349 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Quaternary phosphonium salts (QPS) are significant structural motifs in drugs, materials, and catalysts. Here, a photoactivated approach for the selective late-stage synthesis of QPS utilizing organothianthrenium salts and tertiary phosphines is presented with high yields and broad functional group compatibility. Additionally, the synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated by in situ generation of QPS via C-H functionalization and its fluorescence confocal imaging of mitochondrial localization in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Molecular Synthesis Center, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Molecular Synthesis Center, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Hanxiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengze Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; Molecular Synthesis Center, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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11
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Li M, Tan Q, Lyu X, Guo X, Wang H, Hu Z, Xu X. EDA Complex-Promoted Cascade Cyclization of Alkynes Enabling the Rapid Assembly of 3-Sulfonylindoles and Vinyl Sulfone Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:5799-5804. [PMID: 38953705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a photoinduced radical cascade cyclization of alkynes with sulfinates via a novel EDA complex for the synthesis of various 3-sulfonylindoles and vinyl sulfone oxindoles, which are crucial motifs in medicinal and biological chemistry. The reaction proceeds under mild, photocatalyst- and transition-metal-free conditions, featuring operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, and easy scalability. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is initiated with a photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer from sulfinates to N-sulfonamides, generating a sulfonyl radical followed by an N-centered radical, thus enabling the cascade cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiujian Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiang Lyu
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhongyan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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12
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Wu H, Wang J, Jing H, Zhang Z, Ou W, Su C. Base-Mediated Divergent Synthesis of Spiro-heterocycles Using Pronucleophiles and Ethylene via Thianthrenation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5415-5419. [PMID: 38917369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Spirocyclic compounds are abundant in biologically active products. However, the divergent synthesis of spirocyclic compounds using low-cost and abundant available starting materials remains a challenge. Herein, we report an effective method for producing spirocyclic motifs using a cyclic β-carbonyl ester or amide and ethylene via thianthrenation. This strategy highlights the exciting possibility of utilizing abundant ethylene as a C-2 synthon and allows regulating the core structure of the spirocyclic compound by simply altering the base type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Haochuan Jing
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofei Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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13
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Zhong LJ, Chen H, Shang X, Fan JH, Tang KW, Liu Y, Li JH. Photoredox Ring Opening 1,2-Alkylarylation of Alkenes with Sulfonium Salts Toward Thioether-Substituted Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8721-8733. [PMID: 38832808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the difunctionalization of electron-deficient alkenes with aryl sulfonium salts to access remote sulfur-containing oxindole derivatives by using in situ-formed copper(I)-based complexes as a photoredox catalyst is presented. This method enables the generation of the C(sp3)-centered radicals through site selective cleavage of the C-S bond of aryl sulfonium salts under mild conditions. Moreover, the oxidation reactions of desired products provide a new strategy for the preparation of sulfoxide or sulfone-containing compounds. Importantly, this approach can be easily applied to late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jian-Hong Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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14
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Li Z, He Z, Huang Q, Kan M, Li H. Tuning Regioselectivity in the [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Sulfonium Salts with Binucleophilic N-Aryl Amidines. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38788170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A tunable reaction manifold of alkynyl sulfonium salts with binucleophilic N-aryl amidines in the absence of any transition metal catalyst is first reported. This methodology involves sequential addition/cyclization that is perfectly tuned by stepwise addition of K2CO3, affording a plethora of valuable 1,2,4- and 1,2,5-trisubstituted imidazoles in good yields with high regioselectivity. Importantly, trapping and isolation of the reactive intermediate unveiled the reaction mechanism of β-attack on the triple bond in this [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun He
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Mei Kan
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
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15
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van der Zee LJC, Hofman J, van Gaalen JM, Slootweg JC. Mechanistic studies on single-electron transfer in frustrated Lewis pairs and its application to main-group chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4862-4876. [PMID: 38623621 PMCID: PMC11104263 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00185k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the field of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry have led to the discovery of radical pairs, obtained by a single-electron transfer (SET) from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid. Radical pairs are intriguing for their potential to enable cooperative activation of challenging substrates (e.g., CH4, N2) in a homolytic fashion, as well as the exploration of novel radical reactions. In this review, we will cover the two known mechanisms of SET in FLPs-thermal and photoinduced-along with methods (i.e., CV, DFT, UV-vis) to predict the mechanism and to characterise the involved electron donors and acceptors. Furthermore, the available techniques (i.e., EPR, UV-vis, transient absorption spectroscopy) for studying the corresponding radical pairs will be discussed. Initially, two model systems (PMes3/CPh3+ and PMes3/B(C6F5)3) will be reviewed to highlight the difference between a thermal and a photoinduced SET mechanism. Additionally, three cases are analysed to provide further tools and insights into characterizing electron donors and acceptors, and the associated radical pairs. Firstly, a thermal SET process between LiHMDS and [TEMPO][BF4] is discussed. Next, the influence of Lewis acid complexation on the electron acceptor will be highlighted to facilitate a SET between (pBrPh)3N and TCNQ. Finally, an analysis of sulfonium salts as electron acceptors will demonstrate how to manage systems with rapidly decomposing radical species. This framework equips the reader with an expanded array of tools for both predicting and characterizing SET events within FLP chemistry, thereby enabling its extension and application to the broader domain of main-group (photo)redox chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J C van der Zee
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jelle Hofman
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost M van Gaalen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Sun J, Yan Y, Chen X, Huang Z, Huang Y. Palladium-catalyzed regio- and stereo-selective phosphination of cyclic biarylsulfonium salts to access atropoisomeric phosphines. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6943-6948. [PMID: 38725501 PMCID: PMC11077574 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed regio- and stereo-selective phosphination of cyclic biarylsulfonium salts (racemic) with HPAr3Ar4 for straightforward synthesis of atropoisomeric phosphines (P,S-ligands) bearing a stereogenic axis or both a stereogenic axis and a P-stereogenic center is reported. The high reactivity and regio- and stereo-selectivity originate from the torsional strain release and palladium catalysis, and the construction of a P-stereogenic center is enabled by an efficient dynamic kinetic resolution. The high performance of the nascent P,S-ligands has been demonstrated in palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions, indicating the great potential of the present methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Yifei Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 P. R. China
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17
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Zuo J, Li X, Shi Y, Lv J, Yang D. Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Trisubstituted Imidazoles by One-Pot, Multicomponent Reaction via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3541-3546. [PMID: 38657139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient construction of multifunctionalized skeletons through a one-pot multicompound domino reaction has been recognized as a simple and practical strategy. Herein, a visible-light-enabled three-component reaction of isothiocyanates, isocyanides, and thianthrenium salt-functionalized arenes is presented, which affords a facile approach to sulfur-containing trisubstituted imidazoles in good yields with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The byproduct thianthrene is recovered in quantity, thereby ultimately reducing the production of chemical waste. The developed methodology has potential value for the discovery and development of thioimidazole-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Zhejiang Wansheng Co., Ltd., Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Yongjia Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Daoshan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Cheng K, Webb EW, Bowden GD, Wright JS, Shao X, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Photo- and Cu-Mediated 11C Cyanation of (Hetero)Aryl Thianthrenium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:3419-3423. [PMID: 38630573 PMCID: PMC11099534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We present a photo- and Cu-mediated 11C cyanation of bench-stable (hetero)aryl thianthrenium salts via an aryl radical addition pathway. The thianthrenium substrates can be readily accessed via C-H functionalization, and the radiocyanation protocol proceeds under mild conditions (<50 °C, 5 min) and can be automated using open-source, readily accessible augmentations to existing radiochemistry equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - E. William Webb
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Gregory D. Bowden
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jay S. Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | | | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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19
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Timmann S, Wu TH, Golz C, Alcarazo M. Reactivity of α-diazo sulfonium salts: rhodium-catalysed ring expansion of indenes to naphthalenes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5938-5943. [PMID: 38665534 PMCID: PMC11040645 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the presence of catalytic amounts of the paddlewheel dirhodium complex Rh2(esp)2, α-diazo dibenzothiophenium salts generate highly electrophilic Rh-coordinated carbenes, which evolve differently depending on their substitution pattern. Keto-moieties directly attached to the azomethinic carbon promote carbene insertion into one of the adjacent C-S bonds, giving rise to highly electrophilic dibenzothiopyrilium salts. This intramolecular pathway is not operative when the carbene carbon bears ester or trifluoromethyl substituents; in fact, these species react with olefins delivering easy to handle cyclopropyl-substituted sulfonium salts. When indenes are the olefins of choice, the initially formed cyclopropyl rings smoothly open with concomitant departure of dibenzothiophene, enabling access to a series of 2-functionalized naphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Timmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tun-Hui Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg August Universität Göttingen Tammannstr 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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20
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Zhou J, Wang Z, Xu H, Su M, Wen J. Synthesis of alkynyl sulfides via base-promoted nucleophilic ring-opening of α-bromostyrene sulfonium salt. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2953-2957. [PMID: 38546108 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of alkynyl sulfides via a C(sp3)-S bond cleavage of α-bromostyrene sulfonium salts has been developed. This base-promoted nucleophilic ring-opening pathway allows the preparation of diverse alkynyl sulfide compounds using tetramethylene sulfoxide as the sulfur source. The reaction proceeds with good functional group tolerance and could be applied to the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and drugs. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of this method was demonstrated by a one-pot synthesis, scale-up reaction and further modification of various alkynyl sulfide products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanmiao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengke Su
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Kim MJ, Targos K, Holst DE, Wang DJ, Wickens ZK. Alkene Thianthrenation Unlocks Diverse Cation Synthons: Recent Progress and New Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314904. [PMID: 38329158 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative alkene functionalization reactions are a fundamental class of complexity-building organic transformations. However, the majority of established approaches rely on electrophilic reagents that limit the diversity of groups that can be installed. Recent advances have established a new approach that instead relies on the transformation of alkenes into thianthrene-derived cationic electrophiles. These linchpin intermediates can be generated selectively and undergo a diverse array of mechanistically distinct reactions with abundant nucleophiles. Taken together, this unlocks a suite of net oxidative alkene transformations that have been elusive using conventional strategies. This Minireview describes these advances and is organized around the three distinct synthons formally accessible from alkenes via thianthrenation: 1) alkenyl cations; 2) vicinal dications; 3) allyl cations. Throughout the Minireview, we illustrate how thianthrenium salts address key limitations endemic to classic alkene-derived electrophiles and highlight the mechanistic origins of these distinctions wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Karina Targos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Diana J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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22
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Ma L, Li J, Zhang X, Yang Y, Lin X, Chen X. Exploring Tunable Properties, Solvent-Modulated Dynamics, and Novel C(sp 3)-H Activation Mechanisms in Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3412-3418. [PMID: 38502941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex photochemistry has emerged as a vibrant area in visible-light-mediated synthetic radical chemistry. However, theoretical insights into the reaction mechanisms remain limited. Our study investigates the influence of solvent polarity and halogen atom types on radical reaction pathways in EDA complexes. We demonstrate that solvent polarity modulates the charge transfer and spatial arrangement within EDA complexes, thereby influencing their stability and reaction kinetics. Iodide ions play a crucial role in facilitating free radical generation and stabilizing reaction intermediates. Different halogen atom types exhibit distinct effects on radical reactions. Variations in radical concentration and solvent environment further affect the pathway selectivity. Additionally, light conditions influence the free radical generation and pathway selectivity. Our findings enhance the understanding of EDA complex photochemistry and radical reactions, offering insights for organic synthesis and photochemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jianhao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004 P. R. China
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23
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Wang Z, Shao Z, Wang C, Wen J. Base-Promoted Ring-Opening Hydroxylation of Cyclic Sulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3084-3091. [PMID: 38335534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a general strategy for the synthesis of sulfur-containing primary alcohol derivatives by base-promoted ring-opening hydroxylation of cyclic sulfonium salts. A variety of sulfonium salts were successfully transformed into the desired hydroxylated products in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the one-pot synthesis, scale-up reaction, and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules demonstrated the practicability of this synthetic protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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24
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Wei J, Meng J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Jiao N. Dioxygen compatible electron donor-acceptor catalytic system and its enabled aerobic oxygenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1886. [PMID: 38424055 PMCID: PMC10904740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The photochemical properties of Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) complexes present exciting opportunities for synthetic chemistry. However, these strategies often require an inert atmosphere to maintain high efficiency. Herein, we develop an EDA complex photocatalytic system through rational design, which overcomes the oxygen-sensitive limitation of traditional EDA photocatalytic systems and enables aerobic oxygenation reactions through dioxygen activation. The mild oxidation system transfers electrons from the donor to the effective catalytic acceptor upon visible light irradiation, which are subsequently captured by molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical ion, as demonstrated by the specific fluorescent probe, dihydroethidine (DHE). Furthermore, this visible-light mediated oxidative EDA protocol is successfully applied in the aerobic oxygenation of boronic acids. We believe that this photochemical dioxygen activation strategy enabled by EDA complex not only provides a practical approach to aerobic oxygenation but also promotes the design and application of EDA photocatalysis under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Caifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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25
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Tang Y, Cai Y, Xie Z, Gao Z, Chen X, Yi J. Multicomponent reactions to access S-aryl dithiocarbamates via an electron donor-acceptor complex under open-to-air conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1378-1385. [PMID: 38275979 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A simple and efficient transition-metal/photocatalyst-free visible-light-driven one-pot three-component reaction between thianthrenium salts, carbon disulfide and amines under an air atmosphere for the preparation of biologically relevant S-aryl dithiocarbamates is developed. This methodology is robust and scalable, and exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. Of note, a wide range of primary aliphatic amines bearing different groups are suitable for this strategy. The synthetic utility was further demonstrated by a two-step one-pot multi-component reaction and photo-flow decagram-scale synthesis. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the association of the dithiocarbamate anion with thianthrenium salts formed an electron donor-acceptor complex, which upon excitation with visible light produced an aryl radical via single-electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Tang
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yougen Cai
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Zhiwei Xie
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Zishan Gao
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yi
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
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26
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Fan X, Zhang D, Xiu X, Xu B, Yuan Y, Chen F, Gao P. Nucleophilic functionalization of thianthrenium salts under basic conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:257-263. [PMID: 38352071 PMCID: PMC10862136 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, S-(alkyl)thianthrenium salts have become an important means of functionalizing alcohol compounds. However, additional transition metal catalysts and/or visible light are required. Herein, a direct thioetherification/amination reaction of thianthrenium salts is realized under metal-free conditions. This strategy exhibits good functional-group tolerance, operational simplicity, and an extensive range of compatible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Xiangchuan Xiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Pan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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27
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Qi W, Gu S, Xie LG. Reductive Radical-Polar Crossover Enabled Carboxylative Alkylation of Aryl Thianthrenium Salts with CO 2 and Styrenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:728-733. [PMID: 38214477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic functionalities are among the pivotal groups in bioactive molecules and in the synthesis of new lead compounds because of their unique character in the formation of hydrogen bonds and the possibility of constructing molecular complexes via amide couplings. We adopt the reductive radical-polar crossover strategy to introduce carboxyalkyl groups into arenes with styrenes and CO2 via thianthrenium salts. This protocol exhibits excellent potential as a straightforward and modular platform for site-selective carboxylative derivation of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguan Qi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyu Gu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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28
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Zhang QL, Sun B, Ji G, Zhang G, Zhang FL. An Expanded EDA Complex Profile: Construction of Aza-arenes and Their Synthetic Application as Fluorescence Probes. Org Lett 2024; 26:110-115. [PMID: 38157221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We developed a visible-light-driven expanded EDA complex profile for the synthesis of aza-arenes via aza-6π electrocyclization of 2-styrylanilines with aromatic aldehydes. This protocol relies on the EDA complexes of AlCl3 with imine to induce the absorption red-shift to visible light from ultraviolet light. An array of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines were constructed smoothly after excitation with blue-light-emitting diodes at room temperature. In addition, the resultant product, used as a cell permeable lipid droplet-specific probe, shows a low working concentration, a short staining time, and functionality in living and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Liang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guanchang Ji
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450003, P. R. China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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29
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He MY, Tang X, Wu HY, Nie J, Ma JA, Zhang FG. Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Enabled Radical Cyclization of α-Diazodifluoroethyl Sulfonium Salt with Unactivated Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9041-9046. [PMID: 38088909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
An α-diazodifluoroethane sulfonium reagent was developed in this study to undergo [3 + 2] radical cyclization with unactivated alkynes to give the corresponding 3-difluoromethyl pyrazoles under blue light irradiation conditions. The key to the success of this transformation lies in the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex between an electron-deficient α-diazo sulfonium salt and an electron-rich triaryl amine. This study circumvents a major substrate scope limitation in polar cycloaddition reactions of existent diazodifluoroethane reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue He
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Hao-Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
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30
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Meher P, Panda SP, Mahapatra SK, Thombare KR, Roy L, Murarka S. A General Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation Platform of Diaryliodonium Reagents: Arylation of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:8290-8295. [PMID: 37962249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a photoredox system comprising sodium iodide, triphenyl phosphine, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) that can form a self-assembled tetrameric electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex with diaryliodonium reagents (DAIRs) and furnish aryl radicals upon visible light irradiation. This practical mode of activation of DAIRs enables arylation of an array of heterocycles under mild conditions to provide the respective heteroaryl-(hetero)aryl assembly in moderate to excellent yields. Detailed mechanistic investigations comprising photophysical and DFT studies provided insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahallad Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Satya Prakash Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Mahapatra
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Karan Ramdas Thombare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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31
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Zhu J, Sun J, Yan Y, Dong Z, Huang Y. Dithiolation of Alkenyl Sulfonium Salts with Arylthiols to Access 1,2-Dithioalkanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15767-15771. [PMID: 37922383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A dithiolation of alkenyl sulfonium salts with arylthiols is described, affording a series of 1,2-dithioalkanes in high yields. This protocol features mild and catalyst-free conditions and involves the formation of two C-S bonds sequentially via the regioselective addition of an arylthiol to the unsaturated C═C bonds, followed by the attack of another arylthiol to form 1,2-dithioalkanes exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zhuyong Dong
- Hangzhou Create Environment Energy and Technology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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32
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Li F, Han X, Xu Z, Zhang CP. Photoinduced Trifluoromethylselenolation of Aryl Halides with [Me 4N][SeCF 3]. Org Lett 2023; 25:7884-7889. [PMID: 37877897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced metal-free trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides and bromides with [Me4N][SeCF3] is described. The reaction was conducted at ambient temperature by successfully harnessing the light-sensitive SeCF3 reagent. Mechanistically, the EDA complexes between aryl halide and the -SeCF3 anion or the base might be formed and excited by light, which subsequently undergo intracomplex SET processes to generate aryl and •SeCF3 radicals as key intermediates, allowing a convenient and green access to various aryl trifluoromethyl selenoethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziang Xu
- Department of Marine Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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33
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Campeau D, Pommainville A, Gorodnichy M, Gagosz F. Copper and Silver Catalysis in the (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of Neutral Three-Atom Components with Terminal Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19018-19029. [PMID: 37582344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne coupling (CuAAC) to 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was pivotal to their popularization in synthetic chemistry and to their application to multiple other domains of science. The reaction rate enhancement observed when coinage metal acetylide intermediates are involved in the cyclization process greatly expanded the structural and conditional range in which (3 + 2) cycloadditions may take place with terminal alkynes. Herein, we report that comparable rate enhancements, in nature and level, are induced by copper and silver catalysts in the intramolecular (3 + 2) cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with "neutral" three-atom components (TACs), specifically alkynyl sulfides. Through careful observations amidst reaction optimization, experimental, and DFT mechanistic studies, a pathway involving a proton-coupled cyclometallation key step is proposed. The sets of catalytic conditions that have been developed allow us to overcome several scope limitations previously presented by the thermally promoted (3 + 2) cycloaddition of "neutral" TACs, thus expanding their synthetic and applicative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Campeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alice Pommainville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mila Gorodnichy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
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34
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Feng Z, Riemann L, Guo Z, Herrero D, Simon M, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. Pentafluorocyclopropanation of (Hetero)arenes Using Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306764. [PMID: 37402213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the pentafluorocyclopropyl group as a chemotype in crop protection and medicinal chemistry has been hampered in the past by the lack of suitable methodologies that enable the practical incorporation of this moiety into advanced synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the photoinduced C-H pentafluorocyclopropylation of a broad series of non-previously functionalized (hetero)arenes through a radical mediated mechanism. The scope and potential benefits of the protocol developed are further demonstrated by the late-stage introduction of the pentafluorocyclopropyl unit into biologically relevant molecules and widely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Riemann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zichen Guo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Herrero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Gallego-Gamo A, Reyes-Mesa D, Guinart-Guillem A, Pleixats R, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Site-selective and metal-free C-H phosphonation of arenes via photoactivation of thianthrenium salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23359-23364. [PMID: 37559697 PMCID: PMC10407877 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl phosphonates are prevalent moieties in medicinal chemistry and agrochemicals. Their chemical synthesis normally relies on the use of precious metals, harsh conditions or aryl halides as substrates. Herein, we describe a sustainable light-promoted and site-selective C-H phosphonation of arenes via thianthrenation and the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex (EDA) as key steps. The method tolerates a wide range of functional groups including biomolecules. The use of sunlight also promotes this transformation and our mechanistic investigations support a radical chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Reyes-Mesa
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Axel Guinart-Guillem
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Departament de Química and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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36
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van Dalsen L, Brown RE, Rossi‐Ashton JA, Procter DJ. Sulfonium Salts as Acceptors in Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303104. [PMID: 36959098 PMCID: PMC10952135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The photoactivation of electron donor-acceptor complexes has emerged as a sustainable, selective and versatile strategy for the generation of radical species. Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexation, however, imposes electronic constraints on the donor and acceptor components and this can limit the range of radicals that can be generated using the approach. New EDA complexation strategies exploiting sulfonium salts allow radicals to be generated from native functionality. For example, aryl sulfonium salts, formed by the activation of arenes, can serve as the acceptor components in EDA complexes due to their electron-deficient nature. This "sulfonium tag" approach relaxes the electronic constraints on the parent substrate and dramatically expands the range of radicals that can be generated using EDA complexation. In this review, these new applications of sulfonium salts will be introduced and the areas of chemical space rendered accessible through this innovation will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E. Brown
- Department of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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37
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Zhu J, Ye Y, Yan Y, Sun J, Huang Y. Highly Regioselective Dichalcogenation of Alkenyl Sulfonium Salts to Access 1,1-Dichalcogenalkenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37418314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented geminal olefinic dichalcogenation of alkenyl sulfonium salts with dichalcogenides ArYYAr (Y = S, Se, Te) is reported, providing various trisubstituted 1,1-dichalcogenalkenes [Ar1CH = C(YAr2)2] in a highly selective manner under mild and catalyst-free conditions. The key process involves the formation of two geminal olefinic C-Y bonds via sequential C-Y cross-coupling and C-H chalcogenation. A mechanistic rationale is further supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yun Ye
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yinhua Huang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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