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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Liang X, Zhao X, Wang X, Jana S, Wu YA, Zou Y, Li L, Chen H, Zou X. Supported IrO 2 Nanocatalyst with Multilayered Structure for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407717. [PMID: 39113326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The design of a low-iridium-loading anode catalyst layer with high activity and durability is a key challenge for a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Here, the synthesis of a novel supported IrO2 nanocatalyst with a tri-layered structure, dubbed IrO2@TaOx@TaB that is composed of ultrasmall IrO2 nanoparticles anchored on amorphous TaOx overlayer of TaB nanorods is reported. The composite electrocatalyst shows great activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid, thanks to its dual-interface structural feature. The electronic interaction in IrO2/TaOx interface can regulate the coverage of surface hydroxyl groups, the Ir3+/ Ir4+ ratio, and the redox peak potential of IrO2 for enhancing OER activity, while the dense TaOx overlayer can prevent further oxidation of TaB substrate and stabilize the IrO2 catalytic layers for improving structural stability during OER. The IrO2@TaOx@TaB can be used to fabricate an anode catalyst layer of PEMWE with an iridium-loading as low as 0.26 mg cm-2. The low-iridium-loading PEMWE delivers high current densities at low cell voltages (e.g., 3.9 A cm-2@2.0 V), and gives excellent activity retention for more than 1500 h at 2.0 A cm-2 current density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zicheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Subhajit Jana
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yimin A Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Deng L, Hung SF, Liu S, Zhao S, Lin ZY, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang AY, Chen HY, Peng J, Ma R, Jiao L, Hu F, Li L, Peng S. Accelerated Proton Transfer in Asymmetric Active Units for Sustainable Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23146-23157. [PMID: 39109994 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The poor durability of Ru-based catalysts limits the practical application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here, we report that the asymmetric active units in Ru1-xMxO2 (M = Sb, In, and Sn) binary solid solution oxides are constructed by introducing acid-resistant p-block metal sites, breaking the activity and stability limitations of RuO2 in acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Constructing highly asymmetric Ru-O-Sb units with a strong electron delocalization effect significantly shortens the spatial distance between Ru and Sb sites, improving the bonding strength of the overall structure. The unique two-electron redox couples at Sb sites in asymmetric active units trigger additional chemical steps at different OER stages, facilitating continuous proton transfer. The optimized Ru0.8Sb0.2O2 solid solution requires a superlow overpotential of 160 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a record-breaking stability of 1100 h in an acidic electrolyte. Notably, the scale-prepared Ru0.8Sb0.2O2 achieves efficient PEMWE performance under industrial conditions. General mechanism analysis shows that the enhanced proton transport in the asymmetric Ru-O-M unit provides a new working pathway for acidic OER, breaking the scaling relationship without sacrificing stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Deng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shuyi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zih-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ai-Yin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rongpeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lifang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Shengjie Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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3
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Jones TE, Teschner D, Piccinin S. Toward Realistic Models of the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9136-9223. [PMID: 39038270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) supplies the protons and electrons needed to transform renewable electricity into chemicals and fuels. However, the OER is kinetically sluggish; it operates at significant rates only when the applied potential far exceeds the reversible voltage. The origin of this overpotential is hidden in a complex mechanism involving multiple electron transfers and chemical bond making/breaking steps. Our desire to improve catalytic performance has then made mechanistic studies of the OER an area of major scientific inquiry, though the complexity of the reaction has made understanding difficult. While historically, mechanistic studies have relied solely on experiment and phenomenological models, over the past twenty years ab initio simulation has been playing an increasingly important role in developing our understanding of the electrocatalytic OER and its reaction mechanisms. In this Review we cover advances in our mechanistic understanding of the OER, organized by increasing complexity in the way through which the OER is modeled. We begin with phenomenological models built using experimental data before reviewing early efforts to incorporate ab initio methods into mechanistic studies. We go on to cover how the assumptions in these early ab initio simulations─no electric field, electrolyte, or explicit kinetics─have been relaxed. Through comparison with experimental literature, we explore the veracity of these different assumptions. We summarize by discussing the most critical open challenges in developing models to understand the mechanisms of the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Jones
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste 34136, Italy
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Wang H, Yan Z, Cheng F, Chen J. Advances in Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Construction of Under-Coordinated Active Sites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401652. [PMID: 39189476 PMCID: PMC11348273 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy-driven proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) attracts widespread attention as a zero-emission and sustainable technology. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with sluggish OER kinetics and rapid deactivation are major obstacles to the widespread commercialization of PEMWE. To date, although various advanced electrocatalysts have been reported to enhance acidic OER performance, Ru/Ir-based nanomaterials remain the most promising catalysts for PEMWE applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, stable, and cost-effective Ru/Ir catalysts. Since the structure-performance relationship is one of the most important tools for studying the reaction mechanism and constructing the optimal catalytic system. In this review, the recent research progress from the construction of unsaturated sites to gain a deeper understanding of the reaction and deactivation mechanism of catalysts is summarized. First, a general understanding of OER reaction mechanism, catalyst dissolution mechanism, and active site structure is provided. Then, advances in the design and synthesis of advanced acidic OER catalysts are reviewed in terms of the classification of unsaturated active site design, i.e., alloy, core-shell, single-atom, and framework structures. Finally, challenges and perspectives are presented for the future development of OER catalysts and renewable energy technologies for hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Fangyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
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Li Z, Li X, Wang M, Wang Q, Wei P, Jana S, Liao Z, Yu J, Lu F, Liu T, Wang G. KIr 4O 8 Nanowires with Rich Hydroxyl Promote Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402643. [PMID: 38718084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics for anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and insufficient catalytic performance over the corresponding Ir-based catalysts are still enormous challenges in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). Herein, it is reported that KIr4O8 nanowires anode catalyst with more exposed active sites and rich hydroxyl achieves a current density of 1.0 A cm-2 at 1.68 V and possesses excellent catalytic stability with 1230 h in PEMWE. Combining in situ Raman spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy results, the modified adsorbate evolution mechanism is proposed, wherein the rich hydroxyl in the inherent structure of KIr4O8 nanowires directly participates in the catalytic process for favoring the OER. Density functional theory calculation results further suggest that the enhanced proximity between Ir (d) and O (p) band center in KIr4O8 can strengthen the covalence of Ir-O, facilitate the electron transfer between adsorbents and active sites, and decrease the energy barrier of rate-determining step from OH* to O* during the OER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Subhajit Jana
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Materials Interfaces Foundry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Ziqi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- College of Energy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jingcheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- College of Energy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tianfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Energy, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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6
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Chen L, Zhao W, Zhang J, Liu M, Jia Y, Wang R, Chai M. Recent Research on Iridium-Based Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction from the Origin of Reaction Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403845. [PMID: 38940392 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As the anode reaction of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main obstacles to the practical application of PEMWE due to its sluggish four-electron transfer process. The development of high-performance acidic OER electrocatalysts has become the key to improving the reaction kinetics. To date, although various excellent acidic OER electrocatalysts have been widely researched, Ir-based nanomaterials are still state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. Hence, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism of Ir-based electrocatalysts is crucial for the precise optimization of catalytic performance. In this review, the origin and nature of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and the derived volcanic relationship on Ir-based electrocatalysts for acidic OER processes are summarized and some optimization strategies for Ir-based electrocatalysts based on the AEM are introduced. To further investigate the development strategy of high-performance Ir-based electrocatalysts, several unconventional OER mechanisms including dual-site mechanism and lattice oxygen mediated mechanism, and their applications are introduced in detail. Thereafter, the active species on Ir-based electrocatalysts at acidic OER are summarized and classified into surface Ir species and O species. Finally, the future development direction and prospect of Ir-based electrocatalysts for acidic OER are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Yin Jia
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Ruzhi Wang
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Devices, College of Material Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Maorong Chai
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Limited, Beijing, 102600, China
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7
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Wu J, Zou W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Song H, Cui Z, Du L. Regulating Ir-O Covalency to Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308419. [PMID: 38102103 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The unsatisfactory oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of IrO2 has intensively raised the cost and energy consumption of hydrogen generation from proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers. Here, the acidic OER activity of the rutile IrO2 is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of trivalent metals (e.g., Gd, Nd, and Pr) to increase the Ir-O covalency, while the high-valence (pentavalent or higher) metal incorporation decreases the Ir-O covalency resulting in worse OER activity. Experimental and theoretical analyses indicate that enhanced Ir-O covalency activates lattice oxygen and triggers lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism to enhance OER kinetics, which is verified by the finding of a linear relationship between the natural logarithm of intrinsic activity and Ir-O covalency described by charge transfer energy. By regulating the Ir-O covalency, the obtained Gd-IrO2-δ merely needs 260 mV of overpotential to reach 10 mA cm-2 and shows impressive stability during a 200-h test in 0.5 м H2SO4. This work provides an effective strategy for significantly enhancing the OER activity of the widely used IrO2 electrocatalysts through the rational regulation of Ir-O covalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Wenwu Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Longhai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Huiyu Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Li Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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Liu L, Huang T, Yang X, Liu S, Wang S, Xiang L, Wang G, Kuai L. Microdrop-confined synthesis and regulation of porous hollow Ir-based catalysts for the mass transfer-enhanced electrolysis of pure water. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1081-1090. [PMID: 38395652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Maximally exploiting the active sites of iridium catalysts is essential for building low-cost proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers for green H2 production. Herein, we report a novel microdrop-confined fusion/blasting (MCFB) strategy for fabricating porous hollow IrO1-x microspheres (IrO1-x-PHM) by introducing explosive gas mediators from a NaNO3/glucose mixture. Moreover, the developed MCFB strategy is demonstrated to be general for synthesizing a series of Ir-based composites, including Ir-Cu, Ir-Ru, Ir-Pt, Ir-Rh, Ir-Pd, and Ir-Cu-Pd and other noble metals such as Rh, Ru, and Pt. The hollow structures can be regulated using different organics with NaNO3. The assembled PEM electrolyzer with IrO1-x-PHM as the anode catalyst (0.5 mg/cm2) displays an impressive polarization voltage of 1.593 and 1.726 V at current densities of 1 and 2A/cm2, respectively, outperforming commercial IrOx catalysts and most of the ever-reported iridium catalysts with such low catalyst loading. More importantly, the breakdown of the polarization loss indicates that the improved performance is due to the facilitated mass transport induced by the hollowness. This study offers a versatile platform for fabricating efficient Ir-based catalysts for PEM electrolyzers and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Production and Conversion of Green Hydrogen, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Production and Conversion of Green Hydrogen, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Shoujie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shunsheng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Production and Conversion of Green Hydrogen, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Linlin Xiang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Production and Conversion of Green Hydrogen, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Long Kuai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Production and Conversion of Green Hydrogen, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, China.
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9
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Wang L, Du R, Liang X, Zou Y, Zhao X, Chen H, Zou X. Optimizing Edge Active Sites via Intrinsic In-Plane Iridium Deficiency in Layered Iridium Oxides for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312608. [PMID: 38195802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Improving catalytic activity of surface iridium sites without compromising catalytic stability is the core task of designing more efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. This work presents phase transition of a bulk layered iridate Na2IrO3 in acid solution at room temperature, and subsequent exfoliation to produce 2D iridium oxide nanosheets with around 4 nm thickness. The nanosheets consist of OH-terminated, honeycomb-type layers of edge-sharing IrO6 octahedral framework with intrinsic in-plane iridium deficiency. The nanosheet material is among the most active Ir-based catalysts reported for acidic OER and gives an iridium mass activity improvement up to a factor of 16.5 over rutile IrO2 nanoparticles. The material also exhibits good catalytic and structural stability and retains the catalytic activity for more than 1300 h. The combined experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that edge Ir sites of the layer are active centers for OER, with structural hydroxyl groups participating in the catalytic cycle of OER via a non-traditional adsorbate evolution mechanism. The existence of intrinsic in-plane iridium deficiency is the key to building a unique local environment of edge active sites that have optimal surface oxygen adsorption properties and thereby high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ruofei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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