Palladium(II)NHC complexes containing benzimidazole ligand as a catalyst for CN bond formation

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aminations: An Outline

Amination reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic organic chemistry, facilitating the generation of nitrogen-containing scaffolds with broad applications in drug synthesis, material production, polymer formation, and the generation of amino acids and peptides. Amination offers the potential to fine tune the properties of natural products and produce functional materials for various applications. Palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (Pd-NHC) emerges as an innovative and highly effective catalyst in this context. Under favorable reaction conditions, this robust and simple catalyst efficiently facilitates the synthesis of a diverse range of compounds with varying complexity and utility. Pd-NHC complexes exhibit significant σ-electron donating potential, enhancing the ease of the oxidative addition process in their mechanistic pathway. Their steric topography further contributes to a rapid reductive elimination. These complexes demonstrate remarkable stability, a result of the strong Pd-ligand bond. The wide variety of Pd-NHC complexes has proven highly efficient in catalyzing reactions across a spectrum of complexities, from simple to intricate. The domain of aminations catalyzed by Pd-NHC has undergone significant diversification, presenting new opportunities, particularly in the realms of material chemistry and natural product synthesis. This review outlines the advancements in Pd-NHC-catalyzed amination reactions, covering literature up to date.

Evidence for “cocktail”-type catalysis in Buchwald–Hartwig reaction. A mechanistic study

The mechanism of the C–N cross-coupling reaction, catalyzed by Pd/NHC, was evaluated at the molecular and nanoscale levels. The first evidence for the involvement of a “cocktail”-type system in the Buchwald–Hartwig reaction is provided.

ZnO-NP assisted synthesis of fluorescent β-carboline C-1 tethered benzimidazole/benzothiazole/benzoxazole derivatives and assessment of their photophysical properties

A facile transformation of 1-formyl β-carboline into fluorescent β-carboline C-1 tethered benzazole derivatives is described under the catalysis of ZnO nanoparticles.

Mono-, bi- and multi-nuclear silver complexes constructed from bis(benzimidazole)-2-oxapropane ligands and methacrylate: syntheses, crystal structures, DNA-binding properties and antioxidant activities

Three mono-, bi- and multi-nuclear Ag(i) complexes have been synthesized and characterized systematically. The complexes bind to DNA in a intercalate mode. Complex2has the potential ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals inin vitrostudies.

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladium catalysts for the direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives with aryl chlorides

New Pd–NHC complexes have been synthesized and employed for palladium-catalyzed direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives by using electron-deficient aryl chlorides as coupling partners. The desired coupling products were obtained in moderate to good yields by using 1 mol % of these air-stable palladium complexes. This is an advantage compared to the procedures employing air-sensitive phosphines, which have been previously shown to promote the coupling of aryl chlorides with heteroarenes.

An efficient and convenient palladium catalyst system for the synthesis of amines from allylic alcohols

A novel catalyst system for efficient amination of allylic alcohols with aryl and alkyl amines is presented. By applying a convenient combination consisting of Pd(OAc)(2)/1,10-phenanthroline, a variety of allylic alcohols reacted smoothly to give the corresponding secondary and tertiary amines in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. The usefulness of our protocol is demonstrated in the one-step synthesis of the antifungal drug naftifine and the calcium channel blocker flunarizine.