Synthesis, structure and cytotoxic activity of diethyltinN-[(2-oxyphenyl)methylene]phenylalaninates

Design, synthesis and mechanistic studies of novel arylformylhydrazone butylphenyltin complexes as potential anticancer agents

Many diorganotin complexes with various alkyl groups exhibit excellent in vitro anticancer activity. However, most diorganotin is the same alkyl group, and the asymmetric alkyl R group has been rarely reported. Hence, in this paper, twenty butylphenyl mixed dialkyltin arylformylhydrazone complexes have been synthesized by microwave "one-pot" reaction with arylformylhydrazine, substituted α-keto acid or its sodium salt and butylphenyltin dichloride. The crystal structures of nine complexes were determined, indicating that the complexes C1, C2, C11, C12, and C16 ∼ C19 possessed a central symmetric structure of a dinuclear Sn2O2 tetrahedral ring; while the complex C9 is a trinuclear tin-oxygen cluster with a 6-membered ring encased in a 12-membered macrocyclic structure. The inhibiting activity of complexes was tested against the human cell lines NCI-H460, MCF-7, HepG2, Huh-7 and HL-7702. Complex C2 demonstrated the optimal inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.82 ± 0.03 μM. Cellular biology experiments revealed that complex C2 could induce apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. The complex also caused the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Western blot analysis further clarified that complex C2 could induce cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway along with the release of reactive oxygen species.

OUP accepted manuscript

Fourteen new organotin(IV) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 119Sn) NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and X-ray single-crystal techniques. Crystallographic data showed that the complexes 1b, 2b, 3b, and 5b were macrocyclic compounds, 4b exhibited a one-dimensional spiral chain structure with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, other complexes were centrosymmetric dimers, and there was an Sn2O2 four-membered ring in the middle of the molecule. In-vitro anticancer activity against the three human tumor cell lines NCI-H460, MCF-7, and HepG2 was studied, and the dibutyltin complex 5a is a more potent antitumor agent than other complexes and cisplatin. Cell apoptosis study of 5a with the highest activity on HepG2 cancer cell lines was done by flow cytometry; it was shown that the antitumor activity of 5a was related to apoptosis, and it inhibited proliferation by blocking cells in the G2/M phase. The single-cell gel electrophoresis assay results show that 5a induces DNA damage. 5a interacts with ct-DNA by intercalating the mode of interaction. UV-visible absorption spectrometry, fluorescence competitive, viscosity measurements, and gel electrophoresis results also support the intercalative mode of interaction for 5a with DNA.

Anti-proliferative and antitumor activity of organotin(IV) compounds. An overview of the last decade and future perspectives

Organotins(IV) exhibit significant in vitro anti-proliferative activity, while the in vivo tests are encouraging. The recent reports on the anti-proliferative activity of organotin(IV) compounds are summarized in this review. The period covered by this work goes back to 2009 until late 2018, while the earlier ones, are included over the previous review of our group published by S.K. Hadjikakou, N. Hadjiliadis, in Coord Chem Rev, 253 (2009) 235-249. During the last decade (2009-2018), >300 organotin(IV) derivatives with oxygen-donor ligands, such as carboxylic acids, amino-acids, Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), biological active derivatives or natural products, organotins(IV) with sulfur containing ligands such as thiones, thiosemicarbazones, dithiocarbamates, organotin(IV) compounds of oximes and organotins(IV) with amines or semicarbazones were screened for their anti-proliferative effect against various cancer cell lines and their results are included in numerous reports over this period. Although much work has been carried out on organotin(IV) derivatives with O-donor ligands, however significant fewer reports are found on organotins(IV) with oximes as ligands.

Exploration of fluorescent organotin compounds of α-amino acid Schiff bases for the detection of organophosphorous chemical warfare agents: quantification of diethylchlorophosphate

Fluorescent Schiff base organotin probes for the detection of chemical warfare agents.