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Mahanitipong U, Tummachote J, Thoopbucha W, Inthanusorn W, Rutnakornpituk M. Anionic polymer-coated magnetic nanocomposites for immobilization with palladium nanoparticles as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:138. [PMID: 37919554 PMCID: PMC10622386 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) coated with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to anchor palladium nanoparticles (Pd) for their application as recyclable catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP). It was hypothesized that the abundance of oxygen atoms in PPEGMA enabled coordination with the Pd and provided good water dispersibility of the nanocomposites, while anionic PAA stabilized Pd and reduced the catalyst aggregation through electrostatic repulsion. Three different polymer coatings on MNP (PAA, PPEGMA, and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) were investigated to assess their influence on both the catalytic activity and reusability of the catalysts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated the distribution of spherical Pd nanoparticles (3-5 nm in diameter) and MNP (9-12 nm in diameter). Photocorrelation spectroscopy (PCS) revealed an average hydrodynamic size of the catalysts ranging from 540 to 875 nm in diameter, with a negative charge on their surface. The Pd content of the catalysts ranged from 4.30 to 6.33% w/w. The nanocomposites coated with PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers exhibited more favorable catalytic activity in the 4NP reduction than those coated with PAA or PPEGMA homopolymers. Interestingly, those containing PAA (e.g., PAA and PAA-co-PPEGMA polymers) exhibited good reusability for the 4NP reduction with a slight decrease in their catalytic performance after 26 cycles. This indicates the important role of carboxyl groups in PAA in maintaining high tolerance after multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usana Mahanitipong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Jakkrit Tummachote
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Wachirawit Thoopbucha
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Inthanusorn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Metha Rutnakornpituk
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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2
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Peng Y, Li Z, Hu J, Wu T. Palladium-Catalyzed Denitrative Mizoroki–Heck Reactions of Aryl or Alkyl Olefins with Nitrobenzenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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3
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Anju PJ, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Recent Advances on N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladium‐catalyzed Heck Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panthananickal Joseph Anju
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560,Fax: +91-481-2731036
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560,Fax: +91-481-2731036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala INDIA 686560,Fax: +91-481-2731036
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4
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Bhowmik T, Sadhukhan M, Kempasiddaiah M, Barman S. Highly Dispersed Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Selective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds and Ullmann Coupling Reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Bhowmik
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI Odisha
| | - Mriganka Sadhukhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI Odisha
| | - Manjunatha Kempasiddaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI Odisha
| | - Sudip Barman
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, HBNI Odisha
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5
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Moradi Z, Ghorbani-Choghamarani A. Design and synthesis of Fe 3O 4@SiO 2@KIT-6@DTZ-Pd 0 as a new and efficient mesoporous magnetic catalyst in carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23967. [PMID: 34907281 PMCID: PMC8671489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new type of mesoporous material based on KIT-6 has been introduced. In this aim, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and mesoporous silica KIT-6 have been combined to obtain mesoporous MNPs. The prepared magnetic mesoporous catalyst has been applied in different carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions including Mizoroki-Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, and Stille reactions. This magnetic mesoporous compound is characterized by various techniques including FT-IR, BET, VSM, SEM, XRD, and TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran
| | - Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran.
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6
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Kempasiddaiah M, Kandathil V, Dateer RB, Baidya M, Patil SA, Patil SA. Efficient and recyclable palladium enriched magnetic nanocatalyst for reduction of toxic environmental pollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:189-204. [PMID: 33334515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, highly stable, powerful, and recyclable magnetic nanoparticles tethered N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) ((CH3)3-NHC-Pd@Fe3O4) as magnetic nanocatalyst was successfully synthesized from a simplistic multistep synthesis under aerobic conditions through easily available low-cost chemicals. Newly synthesized (CH3)3-NHC-Pd@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst was characterized from various analytical tools and catalytic potential of the (CH3)3-NHC-Pd@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst was studied for the catalytic reduction of toxic 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), Methylene Blue (MB) and Methyl Orange (MO) at room temperature in aqueous media. UV-Visible spectroscopy was employed to monitor the reduction reactions. New (CH3)3-NHC-Pd@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of toxic environmental pollutants. Moreover, (CH3)3-NHC-Pd@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocatalyst could be easily and rapidly separated from the reaction mixture with the help of an external magnet and recycled minimum five times in reduction of 4-NP, MB, MO and four times in Cr(VI) without significant loss of catalytic potential and remains stable even after reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha Kempasiddaiah
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Vishal Kandathil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Ramesh B Dateer
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivaputra A Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India.
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7
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Palladium-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-coupling of aryl halides with arylhydrazines under mild reaction conditions. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Niakan M, Asadi Z, Khosrozadeh F. Palladium imine-pyridine-imine complex immobilized on graphene oxide as a recyclable catalyst for the carbonylative homo-coupling of aryl halides. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1861257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Niakan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khosrozadeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Kandathil V, Siddiqa A, Patra A, Kulkarni B, Kempasiddaiah M, Sasidhar B, Patil SA, Rout CS, Patil SA. NHC‐Pd complex heterogenized on graphene oxide for cross‐coupling reactions and supercapacitor applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kandathil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Aisha Siddiqa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Abhinandan Patra
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Bhakti Kulkarni
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Manjunatha Kempasiddaiah
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - B.S. Sasidhar
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala ‐695019 India
| | - Shivaputra A. Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department College of Pharmacy, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago IL 60064 USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Rout
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
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10
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Hexagonal Boron Nitride Supported N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium(II): A New, Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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4-Amino-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiones and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles-2-thiones·palladium(II) recoverable complexes as catalysts in the sustainable Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Swain S, M B B, Kandathil V, Bhol P, Samal AK, Patil SA. Controlled Synthesis of Palladium Nanocubes as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Reduction of p-Nitrophenol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5208-5218. [PMID: 32320250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic nanocatalysts have attracted considerable attention in comparison to bulk/nanocatalysts for their enhanced activity and reactivity. The demand toward anisotropic palladium (Pd) nanostructures has increased rapidly in the field of catalysis. Pd is a well-known active catalyst for several carbon-carbon (C-C) cross-coupling reactions; among them, the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is one of the most versatile and dominant methods for constructing the extraordinarily useful unsymmetrical biaryls and also for hydrogenation of organic contaminants like p-nitrophenol (p-NP). This paper provides a brief explanation about the controlled synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of well-defined palladium nanocubes (Pd NCs) prepared by a seed-mediated method. The synthesized monodispersed Pd NCs were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic tools such as UV-visible, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and EDS analyses. Pd NCs proved as an efficient catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions and p-NP reduction. The catalyst shows enhanced activity, greater stability, and higher selectivity with remarkable recyclability up to 92% for five consecutive cycles. The catalytic performance of the synthesized Pd NCs was also studied in the reduction of the organic contaminant p-NP, which showed an excellent performance screening of 99% conversion in 6 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalata Swain
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Bhavya M B
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Vishal Kandathil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Prangya Bhol
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Akshaya K Samal
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
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13
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Kiani M, Bagherzadeh M, Meghdadi S, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Schenk‐Joß K, Rabiee N. Catalytic and antibacterial properties of 3‐dentate carboxamide Pd/Pt complexes obtained via a benign route. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Kiani
- Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran 11155‐3516 Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran 11155‐3516 Iran
| | - Soraya Meghdadi
- Department of ChemistryIsfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneInstitute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kurt Schenk‐Joß
- Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of ChemistrySharif University of Technology Tehran 11155‐3516 Iran
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14
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Kharazmi A, Ghorbani‐Vaghei R, Alavinia S. Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Catalyzed by Nanomagnetic Pyridinium‐Tribromide Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azin Kharazmi
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Ramin Ghorbani‐Vaghei
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Sedigheh Alavinia
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
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15
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Fatehi A, Ghorbani‐Vaghei R, Alavinia S, Mahmoodi J. Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives Catalyzed by a New Efficient Reusable Nanomagnetic Catalyst Supported with Functionalized Piperidinium Benzene‐1,3‐Disulfonate Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Fatehi
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Ramin Ghorbani‐Vaghei
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Sedigheh Alavinia
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
| | - Jafar Mahmoodi
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryBu-Ali Sina University Hamedan 6517838683 Iran
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Kandathil V, Kempasiddaiah M, Nataraj SK, Somappa SB, Patil SA. DNA as a bioligand supported on magnetite for grafting palladium nanoparticles for cross‐coupling reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kandathil
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Manjunatha Kempasiddaiah
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
| | - Sasidhar Balappa Somappa
- Organic Chemistry SectionNational Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR) Trivandrum 695019 India
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material SciencesJain University Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagaram Bangalore 562112 India
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17
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Immobilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Palladium(II) Complex on Graphene Oxide as Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling and Reduction of Nitroarenes. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-03083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Khosravi F, Gholinejad M, Lledó D, Grindlay G, Nájera C, Sansano JM. 1-Butyl-3-methyl-2-(diphenylphosphino)imidazalolium hexafluorophosphate as an efficient ligand for recoverable palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction in neat water. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Han Y, Di J, Zhao A, Zhang Z. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of palladium supported on pyridine‐based covalent organic polymer for Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Di
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Dong Zhao
- Analysis and Testing CenterHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Hui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 P. R. China
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