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Klebowski B, Kosinska K, Bukowska A, Zieliński PM, Parlinska-Wojtan M, Depciuch J. Synthesis of spherical and rods-like titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity towards colon cells in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1869:130743. [PMID: 39681276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024]
Abstract
Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are currently used as ingredients in medicines and sunscreens. Unfortunately, recent information about TiO2 NPs indicates their undesirable biological effect on colon cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the physicochemical characterization of spherical (TiO2 NSs) and rods-like (TiO2 NRs) NPs, followed by assessment their cytotoxicity. For this purpose, both normal colon epithelial cells (CRL-1790) and cancerous colon cells (SW480) were used. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) showed that TiO2 NSs with a diameter of ≈10 nm and TiO2 NRs with the size of the longer axis ≈25 nm and shorter axis ≈3 nm were obtained. Based on the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns, it was found that crystalline phases were obtained for both TiO2 NPs. The UV-Vis spectra showed no contamination of TiO2 NPs. Zeta potential values were 9.7 mV and 3.1 mV for NSs and NRs, respectively. Cytotoxicity of TiO2 NPs was assessed using the MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) test for various concentration of NPs. The cytotoxic effect for both TiO2 NPs was visible for concentration of 75 μg/ml (for CRL-1790) and 50 μg/ml (for SW480) and higher, and it did not depend on the shape. Moreover, both types of TiO2 NPs (in higher concentration) induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells cultured with these NPs. Holotomographic microscopy studies showed increased cellular uptake of TiO2 NPs by SW480. The obtained results for the synthesized TiO2 NPs are a promising prospect for their use in biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Klebowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kosinska
- University of Information Technology and Management, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-939 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Piotr M Zieliński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Depciuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
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2
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Carozo AM, López-Tenllado FJ, Herrera-Beurnio MC, Hidalgo-Carrillo J, Martín-Gómez J, Estevez R, Ariza-Pérez A, Urbano FJ, Marinas A. Pt-TiO 2 Systems for Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Glycerol: Direct vs Sequential Incorporation Through Photodeposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:5109. [PMID: 39459815 PMCID: PMC11509525 DOI: 10.3390/ma17205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Pt-TiO2 systems are the most widely used photocatalysts in the production of green hydrogen from glycerol photoreforming. To incorporate metals on the surface of materials, photodeposition is the most used method because it employs mild conditions. However, despite its use, there are some parameters that have not been deeply studied, such as the appropriate metal loading and the method itself, to obtain a better dispersion of Pt. In this work, six Pt-TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by a classical photodeposition method employing UV radiation. The studied Pt wt.% range was 0.15-0.60 wt.%, being incorporated in one step or in subsequent ones. HRTEM analyses showed that both methods allowed a homogeneous distribution of Pt, and in both, the particle size was around 2.3-3.6 nm, increasing with metal loading. The photocatalytic activity of materials was tested in glycerol photoreforming under UV radiation, and the 0.45 wt.% Pt-containing solid that had been synthesized in one step was the one that allowed the highest hydrogen production. This might suggest that around 0.40% is the appropriate metal loading for hydrogen production under these conditions and that incorporating the desired metal percentage in one step is the most efficient method in terms of energy and time savings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Carmen Herrera-Beurnio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.C.); (F.J.L.-T.); (J.H.-C.); (J.M.-G.); (R.E.); (A.A.-P.); (F.J.U.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Marinas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Químico para la Energía y el Medioambiente (IQUEMA), Universidad de Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.M.C.); (F.J.L.-T.); (J.H.-C.); (J.M.-G.); (R.E.); (A.A.-P.); (F.J.U.)
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3
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Yin H, Cui S, Cao Y, Ge J, Lou W. Light Controlled Nanobiohybrids for Modulating Chiral Alcohol Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2977-2989. [PMID: 37594649 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of whole-cell activity presents a considerable challenge in biocatalysis. Conventional approaches to whole-cell catalysis, while having their strengths, often rely on complex and deliberate enzyme designs, which could result in difficulties in activity modulation and prolonged response times. Additionally, the activity of intracellular enzymes in whole-cell catalysis is influenced by temperature. To address these limitations, we introduced a relationally designed nanobiohybrid system that utilized light to modulate whole-cell catalysis for chiral alcohol production. By incorporating platinum nanoparticles onto Rhodotorula sp. cell surfaces, the nanobiohybrid capitalized on the photothermal properties of the nanoparticles to regulate the overall cell activity. When exposed to light, the Pt nanoparticles generate heat through the photothermal effect, consequently leading to an increase in the catalytic activity of the whole cells. This innovative approach facilitates control over whole-cell production and provides an efficient method for regulating biocatalytic processes. The findings of this study demonstrate the significant potential of switchable control strategies in biomanufacturing across a wide range of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shitong Cui
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yufei Cao
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wenyong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Yerpude ST, Potbhare AK, Bhilkar P, Rai AR, Singh RP, Abdala AA, Adhikari R, Sharma R, Chaudhary RG. Biomedical,clinical and environmental applications of platinum-based nanohybrids: An updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116148. [PMID: 37211181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have numerous applications in various sectors, including pharmacology, nanomedicine, cancer therapy, radiotherapy, biotechnology and environment mitigation like removal of toxic metals from wastewater, photocatalytic degradation of toxic compounds, adsorption, and water splitting. The multifaceted applications of Pt NPs because of their ultra-fine structures, large surface area, tuned porosity, coordination-binding, and excellent physiochemical properties. The various types of nanohybrids (NHs) of Pt NPs can be fabricated by doping with different metal/metal oxide/polymer-based materials. There are several methods to synthesize platinum-based NHs, but biological processes are admirable because of green, economical, sustainable, and non-toxic. Due to the robust physicochemical and biological characteristics of platinum NPs, they are widely employed as nanocatalyst, antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anticancer agents. Indeed, Pt-based NHs are the subject of keen interest and substantial research area for biomedical and clinical applications. Hence, this review systematically studies antimicrobial, biological, and environmental applications of platinum and platinum-based NHs, predominantly for treating cancer and photo-thermal therapy. Applications of Pt NPs in nanomedicine and nano-diagnosis are also highlighted. Pt NPs-related nanotoxicity and the potential and opportunity for future nano-therapeutics based on Pt NPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin T Yerpude
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Ajay K Potbhare
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Pavan Bhilkar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Alok R Rai
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Raghvendra P Singh
- Department of Research & Development, Azoth Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Noida, 201306, India.
| | - Ahmed A Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A and M University at Qatar POB, 23784, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry and Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ratiram G Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
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Keskin M, Kaya G, Bayram S, Kurek-Górecka A, Olczyk P. Green Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibition Effects of Chestnut ( Castanea sativa) Honey-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062762. [PMID: 36985734 PMCID: PMC10055715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, chestnut honey-based silver nanoparticles (CH-AgNPs) were synthesized at different temperatures (30, 60 and 90 °C) and these nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the obtained nanoparticles. The inhibition effects of these nanoparticles for some clinically important enzymes such as myeloperoxidase and collagenase were investigated. In addition, the disk diffusion method (DDM), agar well diffusion (AWD), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques were used to determine the antibacterial activity of CH-AgNPs. In honey-based silver nanoparticle production processes using green synthesis, it was determined that the nanoparticle sizes decreased from 55 to 27 nm with an increase in temperature. In addition, it was determined that the rate of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (36.4% to 34.0%) and collagenase enzymes (74.2% to 68.7%) increased with a decrease in particle size. As a result of the antibacterial activity tests, it was observed that CH-AgNPs have antibacterial activity against all target pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The obtained results show that CH-AgNPs produced using chestnut honey have the potential to be used in fields such as medicine, pharmacy and cosmetic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Keskin
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Türkiye
| | - Gülşen Kaya
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya 44000, Türkiye
| | - Sinan Bayram
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Türkiye
| | - Anna Kurek-Górecka
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Improving the Effect of Cancer Cells Irradiation with X-rays and High-Energy Protons Using Bimetallic Palladium-Platinum Nanoparticles with Various Nanostructures. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235899. [PMID: 36497386 PMCID: PMC9736524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized radiosensitizers can be used to increase the effectiveness of radiation-based anticancer therapies. In this study, bimetallic, ~30 nm palladium-platinum nanoparticles (PdPt NPs) with different nanostructures (random nano-alloy NPs and ordered core-shell NPs) were prepared. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), zeta potential measurements, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to provide the physicochemical characteristics of PdPt NPs. Then, PdPt NPs were added to the cultures of colon cancer cells and normal colon epithelium cells in individually established non-toxic concentrations and irradiated with the non-harmful dose of X-rays/protons. Cell viability before and after PdPt NPs-(non) assisted X-ray/proton irradiation was evaluated by MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. The results showed that PdPt NPs significantly enhanced the effect of irradiation on cancer cells. It was noticed that nano-alloy PdPt NPs possess better radiosensitizing properties compared to PtPd core-shell NPs, and the combined effect against cancer cells was c.a. 10% stronger for X-ray than for proton irradiation. Thus, the radio-enhancing features of differently structured PdPt NPs indicate their potential application for the improvement of the effectiveness of radiation-based anticancer therapies.
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Gulino M, Santos SD, Pêgo AP. Biocompatibility of Platinum Nanoparticles in Brain ex vivo Models in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:787518. [PMID: 34975386 PMCID: PMC8714788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.787518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have unique physico-chemical properties that led to their use in many branches of medicine. Recently, PtNPs gathered growing interest as delivery vectors for drugs, biosensors and as surface coating on chronically implanted biomedical devices for improving electrochemical properties. However, there are contradictory statements about their biocompatibility and impact on target organs such as the brain tissue, where these NPs are finding many applications. Furthermore, many of the reported studies are conducted in homeostasis conditions and, consequently, neglect the impact of the pathologic conditions on the tissue response. To expand our knowledge on the effects of PtNPs on neuronal and glial cells, we investigated the acute effects of monodisperse sodium citrate-coated PtNPs on rat organotypic hippocampal cultures in physiological or neuronal excitotoxic conditions induced by kainic acid (KA). The cellular responses of the PtNPs were evaluated through cytotoxic assays and confocal microscopy analysis. To mimic a pathologic scenario, 7-day organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to KA for 24 h. Subsequently, PtNPs were added to each slice. We show that incubation of the slices with PtNPs for 24 h, does not severely impact cell viability in normal conditions, with no significant differences when comparing the dentate gyrus (DG), as well as CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layers. Such effects are not exacerbated in KA-treated slices, where the presence of PtNPs does not cause additional neuronal propidium iodide (PI) uptake in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layers. However, PtNPs cause microglial cell activation and morphological alterations in CA3 and DG regions indicating the establishment of an inflammatory reaction. Morphological analysis revealed that microglia acquire activated ameboid morphology with loss of ramifications, as a result of their response to PtNPs contact. Surprisingly, this effect is not increased in pathological conditions. Taken together, these results show that PtNPs cause microglia alterations in short-term studies. Additionally, there is no worsening of the tissue response in a neuropathological induced scenario. This work highlights the need of further research to allow for the safe use of PtNPs. Also, it supports the demand of the development of novel and more biocompatible NPs to be applied in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gulino
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Duque Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wen H, Tamarov K, Happonen E, Lehto V, Xu W. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Photothermal‐Based Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Konstantin Tamarov
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Emilia Happonen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Vesa‐Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland Kuopio 70211 Finland
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Fahmy SA, Preis E, Bakowsky U, Azzazy HMES. Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E4981. [PMID: 33126464 PMCID: PMC7662215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have superior physicochemical properties and great potential in biomedical applications. Eco-friendly and economic approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional physical and chemical methods. Various biogenic entities have been utilized in the green synthesis of PtNPs, including mainly plant extracts, algae, fungi bacteria, and their biomedical effects were assessed. Other biological derivatives have been used in the synthesis of PtNPs such as egg yolk, sheep milk, honey, and bovine serum albumin protein. The green approaches for the synthesis of PtNPs have reduced the reaction time, the energy required, and offered ambient conditions of fabrication. This review highlights the state-of-the-art methods used for green synthesis of PtNPs, synthesis parameters, and their reported biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
- School of Pharmacy, University of Hertfordshire-Egypt hosted by GAF, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital AL109AB, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Eduard Preis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Rauwel E, Al-Arag S, Salehi H, Amorim CO, Cuisinier F, Guha M, Rosario MS, Rauwel P. Assessing Cobalt Metal Nanoparticles Uptake by Cancer Cells Using Live Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7051-7062. [PMID: 33061367 PMCID: PMC7522600 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment is a growing area of research in nanomedicine with magnetic nanoparticle-mediated anti-cancer drug delivery systems offering least possible side effects. To that end, both structural and chemical properties of commercial cobalt metal nanoparticles were studied using label-free confocal Raman spectroscopy. Materials and Methods Crystal structure and morphology of cobalt nanoparticles were studied by XRD and TEM. Magnetic properties were studied with SQUID and PPMS. Confocal Raman microscopy has high spatial resolution and compositional sensitivity. It, therefore, serves as a label-free tool to trace nanoparticles within cells and investigate the interaction between coating-free cobalt metal nanoparticles and cancer cells. The toxicity of cobalt nanoparticles against human cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results Superparamagnetic Co metal nanoparticle uptake by MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cells and DPSC mesenchymal stem cells was investigated by confocal Raman microscopy. The Raman nanoparticle signature also allowed accurate detection of the nanoparticle within the cell without labelling. A rapid uptake of the cobalt nanoparticles followed by rapid apoptosis was observed. Their low cytotoxicity, assessed by means of MTT assay against human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, makes them promising candidates for the development of targeted therapies. Moreover, under a laser irradiation of 20mW with a wavelength of 532nm, it is possible to bring about local heating leading to combustion of the cobalt metal nanoparticles within cells, whereupon opening new routes for cancer phototherapy. Conclusion Label-free confocal Raman spectroscopy enables accurately localizing the Co metal nanoparticles in cellular environments. The interaction between the surfactant-free cobalt metal nanoparticles and cancer cells was investigated. The facile endocytosis in cancer cells shows that these nanoparticles have potential in engendering their apoptosis. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility and relevance of cobalt nanomaterials for applications in nanomedicine such as phototherapy, hyperthermia or stem cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Rauwel
- Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Carlos O Amorim
- Dpt. Of Physics & CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Mithu Guha
- Dpt. Of General & Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maria S Rosario
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Protima Rauwel
- Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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