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Shim WJ, Kahng SH, Hong SH, Kim NS, Kim SK, Shim JH. Imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, as evidence of organotin contamination in the marine environment of Korea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2000; 49:435-451. [PMID: 11285722 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(99)00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Imposex was measured in the rock shell, Thais clavigera, from the coast of the Korean peninsula. Frequency of imposex was 0% at two reference sites, but at 47 out of 61 sites, frequency of imposex was recorded as 100%. The degree of imposex was relatively high at the sites near a harbor and a shipyard. Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) concentrations in T. clavigera ranged from 5 to 508 ng/g and from 3 to 2460 ng/g, respectively. A significant positive relationship was found between degree of imposex and organotin concentration, whereas a significant negative relationship was obtained between female-to-male sex ratio and the degree of imposex. During a field transplantation of T. clavigera from a pristine area to a port, TBT and TPT were accumulated in T. clavigera, and imposex was induced. T. clavigera shows considerable potential as a bioindicator species of the adverse effects of TBT and TPT contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shim
- Chemical Oceanography Division, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan PO Box 29, Seoul 425-600, South Korea.
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2
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Sanz-Asensio J, Martı́nez-Soria M, Plaza-Medina M, Pérez-Clavijo M. Trimethyltin chloride determination by hydride generation — gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Shim WJ, Oh JR, Kahng SH, Shim JH, Lee SH. Horizontal distribution of butyltins in surface sediments from an enclosed bay system, Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1999; 106:351-357. [PMID: 15093031 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/1998] [Accepted: 04/12/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), and monobutyltin (MBT) compounds were quantitatively determined from surface sediment samples (total 59 stations) covering a whole basin where harbors, shipyards, and aquaculture farms were located. Butyltin compounds were detected from all the stations covering 640 km(2) of an enclosed bay system. TBT concentrations ranged from 4 to 382 ng/g as tin on a dry weight basis, and total butyltin concentrations, from 27 to 1763 ng/g. Horizontal distribution of TBT concentration showed apparent negative gradients from harbors and shipyards, indicating that its contamination was closely related to boating and dry-docking activities. However, TBT concentrations were decreased steeply from source areas. Elevated DBT and MBT levels in creeks imply the possible input of DBT from industrial wastewater. Total butyltin concentrations in sediments are significantly correlated with particulate organic carbon concentration for the subset of stations that are distant from source areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shim
- Chemical Oceanography Division, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan PO Box 29, Seoul 425-600, South Korea
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4
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Determination of tributyltin and triphenyltin in sediments by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Schubert P, Fernández-Escobar I, Rosenberg E, Bayona JM. Evaluation of desulfurization procedures for the elimination of sulfur interferences in the organotin analysis of sediments. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Abalos M, Bayona JM, Compañó R, Granados M, Leal C, Prat MD. Analytical procedures for the determination of organotin compounds in sediment and biota: a critical review. J Chromatogr A 1997; 788:1-49. [PMID: 9419872 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Analytical procedures reported over the last 10 years for the determination of organotin compounds in sediment and biota have been critically reviewed in terms of sample handling, sensitivity, analytical cost, environmental acceptance, accuracy and precision. Critical steps in the analytical procedures are identified. Finally, research needs in extraction and determination are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abalos
- Environmental Chemistry Department, CID-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Greibrokk T. Environmental applications of capillary gas chromatography coupled with atomic emission detection — a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240191102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Pannier F, Astruc A, Astruc M. Determination of butyltin compounds in marine biological samples by enzymatic hydrolysis and HG-GC-QFAAS detection. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Chapter 9. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Organotin Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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12
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Hydride generation techniques in atomic spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-5561(05)80005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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13
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Sarradin PM, Leguille F, Astruc A, Pinel R, Astruc M. Optimization of atomization parameters in the speciation of organotin compounds by hydride generation–gas chromatography–electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Analyst 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/an9952000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Morabito R. Extraction techniques in speciation analysis of environmental samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00322906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Moore DW, Dillon TM, Gamble EW. Long-term storage of sediments: Implications for sediment toxicity testing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1995; 89:147-154. [PMID: 15091527 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00058-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/1994] [Accepted: 07/22/1994] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Nereis (Neanthes) arenaceodentata survival and growth were used to evaluate the effect of storage time on the toxicity of sediments with moderate PAH and metal contamination. Seven San Francisco Bay area sediments and a clean control sediment were stored (4 degrees C) and then periodically evaluated (up to two years after collection). During each test, juvenile worms (2-3 weeks post emergence) were exposed for 21 days. Test endpoints were survival and growth rate (mg dry weight/day). In general, survival was high (>75%) and long-term cold storage (740 days) did not significantly alter growth or survival. In half of the sediments a cyclical phenomenon was observed associated with the appearance of ammonia in the overlying water of bioassay beakers. The periodicity of this phenomenon was approximately one year. It was not associated with any geophysical characteristic of the test sediments (i.e. grain size, % TOC, % TKN). Significant mortality (0% survival on day 427) was associated with the largest of these peaks in overlying water ammonia concentration. Results of this study suggest that ammonia in stored sediments is an important, potentially confounding factor in sediment toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Moore
- USAE Waterways Experiment Station, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA
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16
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Dirkx W, Łobński R, Adams F. 15. Speciation analysis of organotin by GC-AAS and GC-AES after extraction and derivatization. QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS - METHOD EVALUATION WITHIN THE MEASUREMENTS AND TESTING PROGRAMME (BCR) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(06)80016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Tutschku S, Mothes S, Dittrich K. Determination and speciation of organotin compounds by gas chromatography—microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(94)89124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Dirkx WM, Lobiński R, Adams FC. Speciation analysis of organotin in water and sediments by gas chromatography with optical spectrometric detection after extraction separation. Anal Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)85077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Bergmann K, R�hr U, Neidhart B. Examination of the different procedural steps in the determination of organotin compounds in water samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00323111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Vela NP, Caruso JA. Comparison of flame ionization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the detection of organometallics separated by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1993; 641:337-45. [PMID: 8366161 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Organotin compounds are separated by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and a comparison of the detection by flame ionization (FID) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is presented. Resolution, detection limits, linear dynamic range and reproducibility are the parameters compared between SFC-FID and SFC-ICP-MS, for the detection of tri- and tetraorganotin compounds. The resolution obtained in the SFC-FID system is not always observed in SFC-ICP-MS. Degradation in resolution is due to fluctuations in transfer line temperature. Baseline resolution for the organotins considered is achieved in both systems by using a longer column. Detection limits (DLs) are calculated as 3 sigma/S, where sigma is the standard deviation of the blank signal and S is the slope of the calibration curve. Detection limits of 10.3, 12.5, 12.0 and 9.0 pg are obtained for tetrabutyltin, tributyltin chloride, triphenyltin chloride and tetraphenyltin, respectively, using SFC-FID. An improvement in detection limits of one order of magnitude is achieved by SFC-ICP-MS for the same organotins (0.26, 0.80, 0.57 and 0.20 pg, respectively). The relative standard deviations using SFC-FID for five 50-nl injections, containing 0.5 ng Sn, ranged from 3.2 to 6.4%. Using SFC-ICP-MS, five replicate injections of 0.05 ng Sn give R.S.D.s from 1.3 to 3.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Vela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
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21
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Alkyltin speciation in sea water with on-line hydride conversion and gas chromatography—atomic emission detection. J Chromatogr A 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80125-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Ombaba JM, Barry EF. Determination of organotin species by capillary gas chromatography with alternating current plasma emission detection. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85119-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Michel P, Averty B. Tributyltin analysis in seawater by GC FPD after direct aqueous-phase ethylation using sodium tetrathylborate. Appl Organomet Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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25
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Kram ML, Stang PM, Seligman PF. Adsorption and desorption of tributyltin in sediments of San Diego Bay and Pearl Harbor. Appl Organomet Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Stang PM, Bower DR, Seligman PF. Stratification and tributyltin variability in San Diego Bay. Appl Organomet Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Seligman PF, Grovhoug JG, Valkirs AO, Stang PM, Fransham R, Stallard MO, Davidson B, Lee RF. Distribution and fate of tributyltin in the united states marine environment. Appl Organomet Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.590030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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