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Tomasini M, Gimferrer M, Caporaso L, Poater A. Rhenium Alkyne Catalysis: Sterics Control the Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5842-5851. [PMID: 38507560 PMCID: PMC10988556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Metathesis reactions, including alkane, alkene, and alkyne metatheses, have their origins in the fundamental understanding of chemical reactions and the development of specialized catalysts. These reactions stand as transformative pillars in organic chemistry, providing efficient rearrangement of carbon-carbon bonds and enabling synthetic access to diverse and complex compounds. Their impact spans industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. In this work, we present a detailed mechanistic study of the Re(V) catalyzed alkyne metathesis through density functional theory calculations. Our findings are in agreement with the experimental evidence from Jia and co-workers and unveil critical factors governing catalyst performance. Our work not only enhances our understanding of alkyne metathesis but also contributes to the broader landscape of catalytic processes, facilitating the design of more efficient and selective transformations in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasini
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de
Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Ponte
don Melillo, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Martí Gimferrer
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August
Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università
di Salerno, Via Ponte
don Melillo, Fisciano 84084, Italy
- CIRCC, Interuniversity Consortium Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis, via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de
Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
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Escayola S, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. % VBur index and steric maps: from predictive catalysis to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:853-882. [PMID: 38113051 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Steric indices are parameters used in chemistry to describe the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in molecules. They are important in determining the reactivity, stability, and physical properties of chemical compounds. One commonly used steric index is the steric hindrance, which refers to the obstruction or hindrance of movement in a molecule caused by bulky substituents or functional groups. Steric hindrance can affect the reactivity of a molecule by altering the accessibility of its reactive sites and influencing the geometry of its transition states. Notably, the Tolman cone angle and %VBur are prominent among these indices. Actually, steric effects can also be described using the concept of steric bulk, which refers to the space occupied by a molecule or functional group. Steric bulk can affect the solubility, melting point, boiling point, and viscosity of a substance. Even though electronic indices are more widely used, they have certain drawbacks that might shift preferences towards others. They present a higher computational cost, and often, the weight of electronics in correlation with chemical properties, e.g. binding energies, falls short in comparison to %VBur. However, it is worth noting that this may be because the steric index inherently captures part of the electronic content. Overall, steric indices play an important role in understanding the behaviour of chemical compounds and can be used to predict their reactivity, stability, and physical properties. Predictive chemistry is an approach to chemical research that uses computational methods to anticipate the properties and behaviour of these compounds and reactions, facilitating the design of new compounds and reactivities. Within this domain, predictive catalysis specifically targets the prediction of the performance and behaviour of catalysts. Ultimately, the goal is to identify new catalysts with optimal properties, leading to chemical processes that are both more efficient and sustainable. In this framework, %VBur can be a key metric for deepening our understanding of catalysis, emphasizing predictive catalysis and sustainability. Those latter concepts are needed to direct our efforts toward identifying the optimal catalyst for any reaction, minimizing waste, and reducing experimental efforts while maximizing the efficacy of the computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Nifant’ev IE, Komarov PD, Kostomarova OD, Kolosov NA, Ivchenko PV. MAO- and Borate-Free Activating Supports for Group 4 Metallocene and Post-Metallocene Catalysts of α-Olefin Polymerization and Oligomerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3095. [PMID: 37514483 PMCID: PMC10384419 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern industry of advanced polyolefins extensively uses Group 4 metallocene and post-metallocene catalysts. High-throughput polyolefin technologies demand the use of heterogeneous catalysts with a given particle size and morphology, high thermal stability, and controlled productivity. Conventional Group 4 metal single-site heterogeneous catalysts require the use of high-cost methylalumoxane (MAO) or perfluoroaryl borate activators. However, a number of inorganic phases, containing highly acidic Lewis and Brønsted sites, are able to activate Group 4 metal pre-catalysts using low-cost and affordable alkylaluminums. In the present review, we gathered comprehensive information on MAO- and borate-free activating supports of different types and discussed the surface nature and chemistry of these phases, examples of their use in the polymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, and prospects of the further development for applications in the polyolefin industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Komarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
| | | | - Nikolay A. Kolosov
- NIOST LLC, Kuzovlevsky Tr. 2-270, 634067 Tomsk, Russia; (O.D.K.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Pavel V. Ivchenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.E.N.); (P.D.K.)
- Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Nifant’ev IE, Vinogradov AA, Vinogradov AA, Bagrov VV, Kiselev AV, Minyaev ME, Samurganova TI, Ivchenko PV. Heterocene Catalysts and Reaction Temperature Gradient in Dec-1-ene Oligomerization for the Production of Low Viscosity PAO Base Stocks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Rahbar A, Falcone B, Pareras G, Nekoomanesh-Haghighi M, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. Chain Walking in the AlCl 3 Catalyzed Cationic Polymerization of α-Olefins. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200432. [PMID: 36592006 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Continuing efforts aimed at performing the 1-decene polymerization to low viscosity polyalphaolefins (PAO)s using a less hazardous AlCl3 catalyst than boron-based analogs, the basic mechanisms of this system were revealed in this research. In this aspect, neat AlCl3 and AlCl3 /toluene were carried out to perform 1-decene polymerizations. Microstructure analyses of the as-synthesized oils revealed low molecular weight (708 vs. 1529 g/mol), kinematic viscosity (KV100 =6.4 vs. 22.2 cSt), and long chain branching (82.1 vs. 84.7) of PAO from the system containing toluene solvent. Furthermore, NMR analysis confirmed various types of short chain branch (SCB) with the inclusion of toluene ring in the structure of final PAO chains. Then, to shed light on the basic mechanisms of cationic polymerization of 1-decene including: i) chain initiation, ii) chain transfer to the monomer, iii) isomerization of the carbocation via a chain walking mechanism (causes different SCB length), and iv) binding of toluene ring to the propagating PAO chain (to yield aromatic containing oligomers), molecular modeling at the DFT level was employed. The energies obtained confirmed the ease of carbocation isomerization and chain transfer mechanisms in toluene medium, which well confirms the highly branched structure experimentally obtained for related PAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Rahbar
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Falcone
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Pareras
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF, Cork, Ireland
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mehdi Nekoomanesh-Haghighi
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
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Shams A, Mehdizadeh M, Teimoury H, Emami M, Mirmohammadi SA, Sadjadi S, Bardají E, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Effect of the pore architecture of Ziegler-Natta catalyst on its behavior in propylene/1-hexene copolymerization. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Effect of different chain transfer agents in the coordinative chain transfer oligomerization of dec-1-ene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baek JW, Ko JH, Park JH, Park JY, Lee HJ, Seo YH, Lee J, Lee BY. α-Olefin Trimerization for Lubricant Base Oils with Modified Chevron–Phillips Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Won Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ko
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Ju Yong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hyun Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
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Bayat A, Sadjadi S, Arabi H, Bahri-Laleh N. Catalytic hydrofinishing of polyalphaolefins under mild condition using Pd on amino acid-functionalized clay: study of the kinetic parameters. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhao Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Liu T, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao S, Luo Y. Ancillary ligand effects on α-olefin polymerization catalyzed by zirconium metallocene: a computational study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21111-21121. [PMID: 35975060 PMCID: PMC9341425 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Having achieved an agreement between theory and experiment, it was found that the effect of the catalyst ligand on the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C insertion reaction was significantly greater than that on the β-H elimination reaction. Therefore, the molecular weight of polymers can be increased by improving the activity of the CC insertion. In addition, in comparison with propylene, the chain length of α-olefins can directly affect the stereotacticity of polymerization products, owing to steric hindrance between the polymer chain and monomer. The polymerization of α-olefins catalyzed by zirconium metallocene catalyst was systematically studied through experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xianming Xu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Tong Liu
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Libo Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Xiuhui Wang
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- Daqing Petrochemical Research Center of PetroChina Daqing 163714 China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China .,PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing 102206 China
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Rezaeian A, Hanifpour A, Teimoury HR, Nekoomanesh-Haghighi M, Ahmadi M, Bahri-Laleh N. Synthesis of highly spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst by employing Span 80 as an emulsifier suitable for UHMWPE production. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gharajedaghi S, Mohamadnia Z, Ahmadi E, Marefat M, Pareras G, Simon S, Poater A, Bahri-Laleh N. Experimental and DFT study on titanium-based half-sandwich metallocene catalysts and their application for production of 1-hexene from ethylene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Escayola S, Brotons-Rufes A, Bahri-Laleh N, Ragone F, Cavallo L, Solà M, Poater A. Fluxional bis(phenoxy-imine) Zr and Ti catalysts for polymerization. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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