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Saitta L, Rizzo G, Tosto C, Cicala G, Blanco I, Pergolizzi E, Ciobanu R, Recca G. Chemical Recycling of Fully Recyclable Bio-Epoxy Matrices and Reuse Strategies: A Cradle-to-Cradle Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2809. [PMID: 37447455 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the epoxy resin market is expressing concerns about epoxy resins' non-recyclability, which can hinder their widespread use. Moreover, epoxy monomers are synthesized via petroleum-based raw materials, which also limits their use. So, it is crucial to find more environmentally friendly alternative solution for their formulation. Within this context, the aim of this paper is to exploit a Cradle-to-Cradle approach, which consists of remodeling and reshaping the productive cycle of consumer products to make sure that they can be infinitely reused rather than just being recycled with a downgrading of their properties or uses, according to the principle of the complete circular economy. Indeed, after starting with a fully-recyclable bio-based epoxy formulation and assessing its recyclability as having a process yield of 99%, we obtained a recycled polymer that could be reused, mixing with the same bio-based epoxy formulation with percentages varying from 15 wt% to 27 wt%. The formulation obtained was thoroughly characterized by a dynamic-mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and flexural tests. This approach had two advantages: (1) it represented a sustainable disposal route for the epoxy resin, with nearly all the epoxy resin recovered, and (2) the obtained recycled polymer could be used as a green component of the primary bio-based epoxy matrix. In the end, by using replicated general factorial designs (as statistical tools) combined with a proper optimization process, after carrying out a complete thermo-mechanical characterization of the developed epoxy formulations, the right percentage of recycled polymer content was selected with the aim of identifying the most performing epoxy matrix formulation in terms of its thermo-mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Saitta
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Tosto
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
- INSTM-UDR CT, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pergolizzi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Romeo Ciobanu
- Electrical Engineering Faculty, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Dimitrie Mangeron Bd. 67, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Livi S, Baudoux J, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Platform for the Design of a Multifunctional Epoxy Networks 2.0 Generation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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3
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Halawani N, Donato R, Benes H, Brus J, Kobera L, Pruvost S, Duchet-Rumeau J, Gérard JF, Livi S. Thermoset-thermoplastic-ionic liquid ternary hybrids as novel functional polymer materials. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Comparative Study on Toughening Effect of PTS and PTK in Various Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040518. [PMID: 33572307 PMCID: PMC7916120 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the toughening effect of in situ polytriazoleketone (PTK) and polytriazolesulfone (PTS) toughening agent when applied to various epoxy resins, such as diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF), and triglycidyl p-aminophenol (TGAP) with 3,3'-diaminodiphenylsulfone as a curing agent. The fracture toughness, tensile properties, and thermal properties of the prepared epoxy samples were evaluated and compared. When PTK was mixed with DGEBF, the fracture toughness was improved by 27% with 8.6% increased tensile strength compared to the untoughened DGEBF. When PTS was mixed with TGAP, the fracture toughness was improved by 51% without decreasing tensile properties compared to the untoughened TGAP. However, when PTK or PTS was mixed with other epoxy resins, the fracture toughness decreased or improved with decreasing tensile properties. This is attributed to the poor miscibility between the solid-state monomer of PTK (4,4'-bis(propynyloxy)benzophenone (PBP)) or PTS (4,4'-sulfonylbis(propynyloxy)benzene (SPB)) and the epoxy resin, resulting in the polymerization of low molecular weight PTK or PTS in epoxy resin. Therefore, the toughening effect of PTK or PTS can be maximized by the appropriate selection of epoxy resin based on the miscibility between PBP or SPB and the resin.
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Morphology, thermal and mechanical performance of epoxy/polysulfone composites improved by curing with two different aromatic diamines. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ahmed W, Gul S, Awais M, Hassan ZU, Jabeen S, Farooq M. A review: novel nanohybrids of epoxy/polyamide with carbon nanotube/nano-diamond. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saira Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Scamporrino AA, Puglisi C, Spina A, Montaudo M, Zampino DC, Cicala G, Ognibene G, Mauro CD, Dattilo S, Mirabella EF, Recca G, Samperi F. Synthesis and Characterization of Copoly(Ether Sulfone)s with Different Percentages of Diphenolic Acid Units. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1817. [PMID: 32823561 PMCID: PMC7465425 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New functionalized Poly(ether sulfone)s having different molar ratio (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 mol%) of 4,4-bis phenoxy pentanoic acid unit (diphenolic acid; DPA) units were synthesized and characterized by (1H and 13C)-NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR, DSC and DMA analyses. The microstructural analysis of the copolymers, obtained by 13C-NMR using an appropriate statistical model, shows a random distribution of copolymer sequences, as expected. The presence of different amount of DPA units along the polymer chains affects the chemical and physical properties of the copolymers. The Tg and the contact angle values decrease as the molar fraction of DPA units increases, whereas the hydrophilicity increases. NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses show that all polymer chains are almost terminated with hydroxyl and chlorine as end groups. The presence of cyclic oligomers was also observed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Scamporrino
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Concetto Puglisi
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Angela Spina
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Maurizio Montaudo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Daniela C. Zampino
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Mauro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuele F. Mirabella
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Recca
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
| | - Filippo Samperi
- Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-SS Catania CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (D.C.Z.); (S.D.); (E.F.M.); (G.R.); (F.S.)
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8
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Dattilo S, Puglisi C, Mirabella EF, Spina A, Scamporrino AA, Zampino DC, Blanco I, Cicala G, Ognibene G, Di Mauro C, Samperi F. Thermal Degradation Processes of Aromatic Poly(Ether Sulfone) Random Copolymers Bearing Pendant Carboxyl Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081810. [PMID: 32806661 PMCID: PMC7464578 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal degradation processes of poly(ether sulfone) random copolymers having different molar amount of diphenolic acid (DPA) units were studied by direct-pyrolysis/mass spectrometry, stepwise pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric techniques. Results highlighted that thermal degradation processes occur in the temperature range from 370 to 650 °C, yielding a char residue of 32–35 wt%, which decreases as the mol% of DPA units rises. The pyrolysis/mass spectra data allowed us to identify the thermal decomposition products and to deduce the possible thermal degradation mechanisms. Thermal degradation data suggest that the decarboxylation process of the pendant acid moiety mainly occurs in the initial step of the pyrolysis of the copolymers studied. Successively, the scission of the generated isobutyl groups occurs in the temperature range between 420 and 480 °C. Known processes involving the main chain random scission of the diphenyl sulfone and diphenyl ether groups were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dattilo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Concetto Puglisi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Emanuele Francesco Mirabella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Angela Spina
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Andrea Antonino Scamporrino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Daniela Clotilde Zampino
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Gianluca Cicala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Giulia Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Chiara Di Mauro
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.B.); (G.O.); (C.D.M.)
| | - Filippo Samperi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB-CNR, Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (C.P.); (E.F.M.); (A.S.); (D.C.Z.); (G.C.); (F.S.)
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Surendran A, Joy J, Parameswaranpillai J, Anas S, Thomas S. An overview of viscoelastic phase separation in epoxy based blends. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3363-3377. [PMID: 32215406 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The viscoelastic effects during reaction induced phase separation play an important role in toughening epoxy-based blends. The large difference in molecular weight/glass transition temperature between the blend components before the curing reaction results in dynamic asymmetry, causing viscoelastic effects during phase separation accompanying the curing reaction. This review will focus on the key factors responsible for viscoelastic phase separation in epoxy-based blends and hybrid nanocomposites. Time-resolved characterization techniques such as rheometry, small angle laser light scattering, optical microscopy etc., are mainly used for monitoring the viscoelastic effects during phase separation. Incorporation of nanofillers in epoxy thermoplastic blends enhances the viscoelastic phase separation due to the increase in dynamic asymmetry. Different theoretical models are identified for the determination of processing parameters such as temperature, viscosity, phase domain size, and other parameters during the viscoelastic phase separation process. The effect of viscoelastic phase separation has a very strong influence on the domain parameters of the blends and thereby on the ultimate properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Surendran
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
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10
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Mathis E, Michon M, Billaud C, Grau P, Bocahut A, Vergelati C, Long DR. Thermoset modified with polyethersulfone: Characterization and control of the morphology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Mathis
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux AvancésUMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
| | - Marie‐Laure Michon
- Solvay Research and Innovation 85 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
| | - Claude Billaud
- Solvay Composite Materials R420 The Wilton Centre, Redcar TS10 4RF UK
| | - Pauline Grau
- Solvay Research and Innovation 85 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
| | - Anthony Bocahut
- Solvay Research and Innovation 85 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
| | - Caroll Vergelati
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux AvancésUMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
| | - Didier R. Long
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux AvancésUMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret 69192, Saint‐Fons France
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11
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PES/POSS Soluble Veils as Advanced Modifiers for Multifunctional Fiber Reinforced Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9070281. [PMID: 30970959 PMCID: PMC6432202 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)-filled thermoplastic electrospun veils were used to tailor the properties of the interlaminar region of epoxy-based composites. The veils were designed to be soluble upon curing in the epoxy matrix, so that POSS could be released within the interlaminar region. Three different POSS contents, varying from 1 to 10 wt %, were tested while the percentage of coPolyethersulphone (coPES) dissolved in the epoxy resin was kept to a fixed value of 10 wt %. Good quality veils could be obtained at up to 10 wt % of POSS addition, with the nanofibers' diameters varying from 861 nm for the coPES to 428 nm upon POSS addition. The feasibility of the soluble veils to disperse POSS in the interlaminar region was proved, and the effect of POSS on phase morphology and viscoelastic properties studied. POSS was demonstrated to significantly affect the morphology and viscoelastic properties of epoxy composites, especially for the percentages 1% and 5%, which enabled the composites to avoid POSS segregates occurring. A dynamic mechanical analysis showed a significant improvement to the storage modulus, and a shift of more than 30 °C due to the POSS cages hindering the motion of the molecular chains and network junctions.
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12
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Cicala G, Mannino S, Latteri A, Ognibene G, Saccullo G. Effects of mixing di- and tri-functional epoxy monomers on epoxy/thermoplastic blends. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Cheng X, Wu Q, Morgan SE, Wiggins JS. Morphologies and mechanical properties of polyethersulfone modified epoxy blends through multifunctional epoxy composition. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Cheng
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials; University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5050; Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Qi Wu
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials; University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5050; Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Sarah E. Morgan
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials; University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5050; Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
| | - Jeffrey S. Wiggins
- School of Polymers and High Performance Materials; University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5050; Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406
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14
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Cicala G, Latteri A, Mannino S, Ognibene G, Blanco I. Influence of Soluble Electrospun Co-Polyethersulfone Veils on Dynamic Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites: Effect of Polymer Molar Mass. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cicala
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAR); University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali - INSTM-UdR Catania; Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Alberta Latteri
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAR); University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali - INSTM-UdR Catania; Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Salvatore Mannino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAR); University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Giulia Ognibene
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAR); University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali - INSTM-UdR Catania; Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Florence Italy
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAR); University of Catania; Viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali - INSTM-UdR Catania; Via G. Giusti 9 50121 Florence Italy
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15
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George SM, Puglia D, Kenny JM, Parameswaranpillai J, Vijayan P P, Pionteck J, Thomas S. Volume shrinkage and rheological studies of epoxidised and unepoxidised poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) triblock copolymer modified epoxy resin–diamino diphenyl methane nanostructured blend systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12760-70. [PMID: 25902727 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spherical, wormlike and micro domains like morphologies in epoxy/eSBS/DDM blends with different epoxidation degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeev Martin George
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- University of Perugia
- UdR INSTM
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | - Josè M. Kenny
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- University of Perugia
- UdR INSTM
- 05100 Terni
- Italy
| | | | | | - Jűrgen Pionteck
- Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
- D-01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam
- India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
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16
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Hara A, Inoue R, Takahashi N, Nishida K, Kanaya T. Trajectory of Critical Point in Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation of Epoxy/Oligoethylene Glycol Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5009258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Koji Nishida
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiji Kanaya
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto-fu 611-0011, Japan
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17
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Liu Y. Polymerization-induced phase separation and resulting thermomechanical properties of thermosetting/reactive nonlinear polymer blends: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Cicala G, Blanco I, Latteri A, Oliveri L, Recca A. Influence of 1,5-naphthalenediamine on thermomechanical properties of epoxy/copolyethersulphone blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Zhao P, Liang X, Chen J, Ran Q, Gu Y. Poly(ether imide)-modified benzoxazine blends: Influences of phase separation and hydrogen bonding interactions on the curing reaction. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Li Z, Han CC. Ubiquitous nature of the three-layered structure formation in the asymmetric phase separation of the epoxy/thermoplastic blends. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Grishchuk S, Gryshchuk O, Weber M, Karger-Kocsis J. Structure and toughness of polyethersulfone (PESU)-modified anhydride-cured tetrafunctional epoxy resin: Effect of PESU molecular mass. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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22
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Safarpour MA, Omrani A, Afsar S, Zare-Hossein-Abadi D. Study of cure kinetics of epoxy/DDS/nanosized (SiO2
/TiO2
) system by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Li J, Chen P, Yu Q, Ma Z, Ma K, Wang B. Influence of cyanate content on the morphology and properties of epoxy resins with phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone). J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Shi W, Liang Y, Han CC. Layered structure formation in the reaction-induced phase separation of epoxy/polysulfone blends. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Gelation behavior of thermoplastic-modified epoxy systems during polymerization-induced phase separation. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Mamo A, Aureliano A, Battiato S, Cicala G, Samperi F, Scamporrino A, Recca A. Amino terminated copoly(ethersulphone)s bearing biphenylenic units in the backbone: Synthesis and characterization. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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The influence of chain rigidity on the thermal properties of some novel random copolyethersulfones. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Blanco M, López M, Kortaberria G, Mondragon I. Nanostructured thermosets from self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer/epoxy resin mixtures: effect of copolymer content on nanostructures. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Man Z, Stanford JL, Dutta BK. Reaction kinetics of epoxy resin modified with reactive and nonreactive thermoplastic copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Li J, Chen P, Ma Z, Ma K, Wang B. Reaction kinetics and thermal properties of cyanate ester-cured epoxy resin with phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone). J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Yu Y, Wang M, Foix D, Li S. Rheological Study of Epoxy Systems Blended with Poly(ether sulfone) of Different Molecular Weights. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie800845p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China, and Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Macel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Minghai Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China, and Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Macel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Foix
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China, and Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Macel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Shanjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China, and Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Macel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Zhang XJ, Yi XS, Xu YZ. Cure-induced phase separation of epoxy/DDS/PEK-C composites and its temperature dependency. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Asif A, Leena K, Lakshmana Rao V, Ninan KN. Hydroxyl terminated poly(ether ether ketone) with pendant methyl group-toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites: Preparation, morphology, and thermomechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Samperi F, Puglisi C, Ferreri T, Messina R, Cicala G, Recca A, Restuccia CL, Scamporrino A. Thermal decomposition products of copoly(arylene ether sulfone)s characterized by direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Polym Degrad Stab 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Cicala G, Mamo A, Recca G, Restuccia CL. Study on epoxy/thermoplastic blends based on the addition of a novel aromatic block copolymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Liu XY, Zhan GZ, Han ZW, Li SJ, Yu YF. Phase morphology and mechanical properties of a poly(ether sulfone)-modified bismaleimide resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Francis B, Thomas S, Sadhana R, Thuaud N, Ramaswamy R, Jose S, Rao VL. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin modified using poly(ether ether ketone) with pendenttert-butyl groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin–polyether sulfone/polyether sulfone ether ketone blends: phase morphology, fracture toughness and thermo-mechanical properties. Colloid Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Francis B, Rao VL, Vanden Poel G, Posada F, Groeninckx G, Ramaswamy R, Thomas S. Cure kinetics, morphological and dynamic mechanical analysis of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin modified with hydroxyl terminated poly(ether ether ketone) containing pendent tertiary butyl groups. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Abate L, Blanco I, Cicala G, La Spina R, Restuccia CL. Thermal and rheological behaviour of some random aromatic polyethersulfone/polyetherethersulfone copolymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Blanco I, Cicala G, Costa M, Recca A. Development of an epoxy system characterized by low water absorption and high thermomechanical performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Barone L, Carciotto S, Cicala G, Recca A. Thermomechanical properties of epoxy/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Cicala G, La Spina R, Recca A, Sturiale S. Influence of copolymer's end groups and molecular weights on the rheological and thermomechanical properties of blends of novel thermoplastic copolymers and epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Ambrogi V, Cosco S, Carfagna C, Cicala G, Oliveri L, Recca A. Comparison of the effect of epoxy microspheres on the thermomechanical and rheological properties of an epoxy resin system. POLYM ENG SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Francis B, Thomas S, Jose J, Ramaswamy R, Lakshmana Rao V. Hydroxyl terminated poly(ether ether ketone) with pendent methyl group toughened epoxy resin: miscibility, morphology and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Francis B, Thomas S, Asari GV, Ramaswamy R, Jose S, Rao VL. Synthesis of hydroxyl-terminated poly(ether ether ketone) with pendenttert-butyl groups and its use as a toughener for epoxy resins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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