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Nemec M, Hauser SB, Rentsch D, Pagotti João GM, Kuerten LC, Adilien N, Huber L, Stojanovic A, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Hyperbranched, Functional Polyethoxysiloxanes: Tunable Molecular Building Blocks. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:7088-7101. [PMID: 38961861 PMCID: PMC11217919 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Functional silanes are multifaceted cross-linkers, compatibilizers, coupling agents, and surface modifiers. Herein, we present organofunctional polysiloxane building blocks that offer great versatility in terms of molecular weight, degree of condensation, and the choice and loading of organic substituent groups. The organofunctional polyethoxysilanes (funPEOS) are prepared in a one-pot, two-step process: synthesis of the PEOS carrier/substrate, followed by grafting a functional silane "shell", both based on condensation with acetic anhydride. The reaction was optimized at the lab scale and scaled up to a 7 L reactor. The acetylation, condensation, and hyperbranched structure of the carrier were confirmed by 29Si NMR, while 29Si-29Si 2D INADEQUATE NMR provides strong evidence for the grafting of functional silanes onto the carrier (Q-T coupling). IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the functional groups remain intact. The molar mass can be tailored by stoichiometric control of the acetic anhydride to silane monomer ratio (M n 3500-20,000 g/mol). The compounds are stable organic liquids with a long shelf life. Selected applications are presented: scratch-resistant coatings with water contact angles of ∼90°, stable water emulsions, and surfactant-free, mesoporous silica foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nemec
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie B. Hauser
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel M. Pagotti João
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Lilli C. Kuerten
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Huber
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
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Tran T, Chen X, Doshi S, Stafford CM, Lin H. Grafting polysiloxane onto ultrafiltration membranes to optimize surface energy and mitigate fouling. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5044-5053. [PMID: 32452496 PMCID: PMC7679028 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches to mitigate fouling of membrane surfaces impart hydrophilicity to the membrane surface, which increases the water of hydration and fluidity near the surface. By contrast, we demonstrate here that tuning the membrane surface energy close to that of the dispersive component of water surface tension (21.8 mN m-1) can also improve the antifouling properties of the membrane. Specifically, ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were first modified using polydopamine (PDA) followed by grafting of amine-terminated polysiloxane (PSi-NH2). For example, with 2 g L-1 PSi-NH2 coating solution, the obtained coating layer contains 53% by mass fraction PSi-NH2 and exhibits a total surface energy of 21 mN m-1, decreasing the adsorption of bovine serum albumin by 44% compared to the unmodified membrane. When challenged with 1 g L-1 sodium alginate in a constant-flux crossflow system, the PSi-NH2-grafted membrane exhibits a 70% lower fouling rate than the pristine membrane at a water flux of 110 L (m2 h)-1 and good stability when cleaned with NaOH solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Agrawal G, Zhu X, Moeller M, Choudhary V. Development of complete silica thin films based on functional hyperbranched polyalkoxysiloxanes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhou X, Wan QH. Separation and identification of oligomeric ethyl silicates by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1484-90. [PMID: 25678216 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to study the molecular structures of components and molar mass distributions in ethyl silicate-40, a versatile liquid precursor for silicon-based materials. Identity testing by standard spectroscopic techniques showed that a commercial sample of ethyl silicate-40 was composed of linear/branched ethoxysiloxane oligomers with the silicon atoms ranging from 2 to 12 together with minor monocyclic species. Analysis of the sample by liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection resulted in an elution profile consisting of a series of peak clusters. Peak identification showed that the linear/branched homologous series of oligomers were eluted in the order of increasing number of silicon atoms in the molecules and the time duration (width) of the resulting peak clusters increased in the same fashion corresponding to increasing number of geometric isomers. In addition, small amounts of monocyclic oligomers present in the sample were found to be less retained than each linear/branched counterpart. Finally, the molar mass distribution parameters for ethyl silicate-40 determined by the developed method were in good agreement with the literature values. Overall, this work demonstrates that reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool for the comprehensive characterization of complex mixtures of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China
| | - Qian-Hong Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China
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Gunji T, Tozune T, Kaburaki H, Arimitsu K, Abe Y. Preparation ofco-polymethyl(alkoxy)siloxanes by acid-catalyzed controlled hydrolytic copolycondensation of methyl(trialkoxy)silane and tetraalkoxysilane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Gunji
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tozune
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Hironori Kaburaki
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Kouji Arimitsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshimoto Abe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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Zhu M, Gu A, Liang G, Yuan L. High-performance transparent solvent-free silicone resins with stable storage and low viscosity based on new hyperbranched polysiloxanes. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313477119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Five new hyperbranched polysiloxanes, for example, methylhydrogen siloxanes (MHSis), with varying concentrations of silicon–methyl (Si-Me) groups were synthesized and characterized, and then a series of MHSi/poly(methylphenylvinylsilicone) (PSi) resins were prepared to investigate the influence of the structures and concentrations of MHSi on the integrated properties of both uncured and cured MHSi/PSi resins. The results show that the compatibility between MHSi and PSi is closely related to the concentration of Si-Me groups in the MHSi as well as the molar ratio of MHSi and PSi. If MHSi has a suitable concentration of Si-Me groups, and the molar ratios of MHSi to PSi are appropriate, transparent MHSi/PSi resins with stable compatibility can be obtained. In addition, these compatible resins show good thermal stability with dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties. They exhibit a great potential for use as high-performance solvent-free silicone resins in either vacuum pressure impregnating process or liquid-molding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - A. Gu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - G. Liang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang SJ, Liu X, Kong J, Tian W, Fan XD, Xu H, Lu JR. Synthesis and UV curing kinetics of rapidly UV-curable hyperbranched polycarbosiloxanes. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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B(C6F5)3 catalyzed dehydrocarbon polycondensation of PhSiH3 with (MeO)4Si as model polyfunctional comonomers in new route to hydrophobic silicone TQ resins. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chojnowski J, Rubinsztajn S, Fortuniak W, Kurjata J. Synthesis of Highly Branched Alkoxysiloxane−Dimethylsiloxane Copolymers by Nonhydrolytic Dehydrocarbon Polycondensation Catalyzed by Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801130y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Chojnowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, and General Electric Company, Global Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309
| | - Slawomir Rubinsztajn
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, and General Electric Company, Global Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309
| | - Witold Fortuniak
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, and General Electric Company, Global Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309
| | - Jan Kurjata
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland, and General Electric Company, Global Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, New York 12309
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Wang SJ, Fan XD, Kong J, Wang X, Liu YY, Zhang GB. A new controllable approach to synthesize hyperbranched poly(siloxysilanes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang SJ, Fan XD, Kong J, Liu YY. Synthesis, characterization, and UV curing kinetics of hyperbranched polycarbosilane. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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