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Mastalygina EE, Aleksanyan KV. Recent Approaches to the Plasticization of Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) (A Review). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:87. [PMID: 38201752 PMCID: PMC10781029 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a polyester attracting growing interest every year in different application fields, such as packaging, cosmetics, food, medicine, etc. Despite its significant advantages, it has low elasticity that may hinder further development and a corresponding rise in volume of consumption. This review opens a discussion of basic approaches to PLA plasticization. These considerations include copolymerization and blending with flexible polymers, introducing oligomers and low-molecular additives, as well as structural modification. It was demonstrated that each approach has its advantages, such as simplicity and low cost, but with disadvantages, including complex processing and the need for additional reagents. According to the analysis of different approaches, it was concluded that the optimal option is the application of copolymers as the additives obtained via reactive mixing to PLA and its blends with other polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E. Mastalygina
- Scientific Laboratory “Advanced Composite Materials and Technologies”, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Ln., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kristine V. Aleksanyan
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Ln., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Aleksanyan KV. Polysaccharides for Biodegradable Packaging Materials: Past, Present, and Future (Brief Review). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:451. [PMID: 36679331 PMCID: PMC9865279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecological problems emerging due to accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics are becoming more and more urgent. This problem can be solved by the development of biodegradable materials which will replace the non-biodegradable ones. Among numerous approaches in this field, there is one proposing the use of polysaccharide-based materials. These polymers are biodegradable, non-toxic, and obtained from renewable resources. This review opens discussion about the application of polysaccharides for the creation of biodegradable packaging materials. There are numerous investigations developing new formulations using cross-linking of polymers, mixing with inorganic (metals, metal oxides, clays) and organic (dyes, essential oils, extracts) compounds. The main emphasis in the present work is made on development of the polymer blends consisting of cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, pectin, alginate, carrageenan with some synthetic polymers, polymers of natural origin, and essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine V. Aleksanyan
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 119991, Russia; or
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyannyi per. 36, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Whulanza Y, Azadi A, Supriadi S, Rahman S, Chalid M, Irsyad M, Nadhif M, Kreshanti P. Tailoring mechanical properties and degradation rate of maxillofacial implant based on sago starch/polylactid acid blend. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08600. [PMID: 35028440 PMCID: PMC8741438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymeric bone implants have a distinctive advantage compared to metal implants due to their degradability in the local bone host. The usage of degradable implant prevents the need for an implant removal surgery especially if they fixated in challenging position such as maxillofacial area. Additionally, this fixation system has been widely applied in fixing maxillofacial fracture in child patients. An ideal degradable implant has a considerable mass degradation rate that proved structural integrity to the healing bone. At this moment, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are the most common materials used as degradable implant. This composition of materials has a degradation rate of more than a year. A long degradation rate increases the long-term biohazard risk for the bone host. Therefore, a faster degradation rate with adequate strength of implant is the focal point of this research. This study tailored the tunable degradability of starch with strength properties of PLA. Blending system of starch and PLA has been reported widely, but none of them were aimed to be utilized as medical implant. Here, various concentrations of sago starch/PLA and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) were composed to meet the requirement of maxillofacial miniplate implant. The implant was realized using an injection molding process to have a six-hole-miniplate with 1.2 mm thick and 34 mm length. The specimens were physiochemically characterized through X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the microstructure and chemical interactions of the starch/PLA/PEG polymers are correlated with the mechanical characteristics of the blends. Compared to a pure PLA miniplate, the sago starch/PLA/PEG blend shows a 60-80% lower tensile strength and stiffness. However, the flexural strength and elongation break are improved. A degradation study was conducted to observe the mass degradation rate of miniplate for 10 weeks duration. It is found that a maximum concentration of 20% sago starch and 10% of PEG in the PLA blending has promising properties as desired. The blends showed a 100-150% higher degradability rate compared to the pure PLA or a commercial miniplate. The numerical simulation was conducted and confirmed that the miniplate in the mandibular area were shown to be endurable with standard applied loading. The mechanical properties resulted from the experimental work was applied in the Finite Element Analysis to find that our miniplate were in acceptable level. Lastly, the in-vitro test showed that implants are safe to human cell with viability more than 80%. These findings shall support the use of this miniplate in rehabilitating mandibular fractures with faster degradation with acceptance level of mechanical characteristic specifically in case of 4-6 weeks bone union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - A. Azadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Indonesia
| | - S. Supriadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - S.F. Rahman
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Chalid
- Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M. Irsyad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - M.H. Nadhif
- Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - P. Kreshanti
- Research Center on Biomedical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
- Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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Rogovina SZ, Aleksanyan KV, Vladimirov LV, Berlin AA. Biodegradable Polymer Materials Based on Polylactide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rogovina SZ, Prut EV, Aleksanyan KV, Krasheninnikov VG, Perepelitsina EO, Shashkin DP, Berlin AA. Composites Based on Starch and Polylactide. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
In this work, a high-magnification extrusion-foaming technique for biomass-based biodegradable composite materials using water vaporization was examined. Starch was selected as the biomass and polylactic acid was selected as a biodegradable matrix resin. No additional plasticizer or additives were used in this extrusion-foaming process. The foaming ratio was deduced according to the conditions of the extrusion-foaming process to confirm the forming characteristics of the foaming materials. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine the morphology of the composite foam. To investigate the potential of the foam cushion as an ecofriendly packing material, we conducted experiments on its static compression and dynamic cushioning properties and examined whether its biodegradability could be controlled by varying the mixing ratio of the materials. Thus, we developed a water-foaming process that is ecofriendly and whose products can be recycled as compost after use.
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Tran TH, Nguyen HL, Hao LT, Kong H, Park JM, Jung SH, Cha HG, Lee JY, Kim H, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. A ball milling-based one-step transformation of chitin biomass to organo-dispersible strong nanofibers passing highly time and energy consuming processes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 125:660-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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Rogovina SZ, Aleksanyan KV, Loginova AA, Ivanushkina NE, Vladimirov LV, Prut EV, Berlin AA. Influence of PEG on Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Composites Based on PLA and Starch. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Z. Rogovina
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Kristine V. Aleksanyan
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A. Loginova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Natalya E. Ivanushkina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms; Russian Academy of Sciences; pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino 142290 Moscow Oblast Russian Federation
| | - Leonid V. Vladimirov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Eduard V. Prut
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr A. Berlin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics; Russian Academy of Sciences; ul. Kosygina 4 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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Shirai MA, Olivato JB, Demiate IM, Müller CMO, Grossmann MVE, Yamashita F. Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch sheets: effect of adipate esters on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties. POLIMEROS 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ayumi Shirai
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Brazil
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11
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Shirai MA, Zanela J, Kunita MH, Pereira GM, Rubira AF, Müller CMO, Grossmann MVE, Yamashita F. Influence of Carboxylic Acids on Poly(lactic acid)/Thermoplastic Starch Biodegradable Sheets Produced by Calendering-Extrusion. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Ayumi Shirai
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), CEP 86051-990 Londrina PR Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Avenida dos Pioneiros; 3131 CEP 86036-370 Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Juliano Zanela
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), CEP 86051-990 Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Marcos Hiroiuqui Kunita
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 Zona 7, CEP 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Guilherme Miranda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 Zona 7, CEP 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
| | - Adley Forti Rubira
- Department of Chemistry; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 Zona 7, CEP 87020-900 Maringá PR Brazil
| | | | - Maria Victória Eiras Grossmann
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Londrina PR Brazil
| | - Fabio Yamashita
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445) Londrina PR Brazil
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Salimi K, Topuzogullari M, Dincer S, Aydin HM, Piskin E. Microwave-assisted green approach for graft copolymerization ofl-lactic acid onto starch. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouroush Salimi
- Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Murat Topuzogullari
- Bioengineering Department; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| | - Sevil Dincer
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department & Bioengineering Division and Center for Bioengineering; Hacettepe University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Erhan Piskin
- Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division Centre for Bioengineering and Biyomedtek; Hacettepe University; Ankara 06800 Turkey
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13
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Yu Y, Cheng Y, Ren J, Cao E, Fu X, Guo W. Plasticizing effect of poly(ethylene glycol)s with different molecular weights in poly(lactic acid)/starch blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Yu
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiawei Ren
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Erping Cao
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials (Ministry of Education); School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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Zhang W, Chen B, Zhao H, Yu P, Fu D, Wen J, Peng X. Processing and characterization of supercritical CO2batch foamed poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) scaffold for tissue engineering application. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Binyi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Peng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Dajiong Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Jinsong Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education; National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou; 510640; China
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Ross S, Topham PD, Tighe BJ. Identification of optically clear regions of ternary polymer blends using a novel rapid screening method. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukunya Ross
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Main Building; Aston University; Birmingham B4 7ET UK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Main Building; Aston University; Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Brian J. Tighe
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Main Building; Aston University; Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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Ouyang C, Wang Y, Zhao N, Liu X, Li S, Zhang Z. Preparation of poly(lactic acid) and modified starch composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Shin BY, Jang SH, Kim BS. Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of biobased and biodegradable blends of poly(lactic acid) and chemically modified thermoplastic starch. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Okamoto K, Ichikawa T, Yokohara T, Yamaguchi M. Miscibility, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/polyester-diol blends. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Martino VP, Jiménez A, Ruseckaite RA. Processing and characterization of poly(lactic acid) films plasticized with commercial adipates. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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