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Son DH, Ahn HJ, Chung JH, Bae BI, Choi CS. Deflection Estimation Based on the Thermal Characteristics of Composite Deck Slabs Containing Macro-Synthetic Fibers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14144052. [PMID: 34300970 PMCID: PMC8307278 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural performance of composite deck slabs containing macro-synthetic fibers. after a fire by proposing a deflection estimation method for non-fireproof structural decks. Therefore, this study evaluated the fire resistance performance and deflection of deck slabs mixed with macro-synthetic fibers. Afterward, the deflection estimation method considering the thermal characteristics of concrete and deck plates was proposed. A material test was first conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixed with macro-synthetic fibers. This test found that the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of concrete mixed with macro-synthetic fibers was greater than that of general concrete. A flexural tensile test confirmed that residual strength was maintained after the maximum strength was achieved. The fire resistance of the deck slab was adequate even when a fire-resistant coating was not applied. The internal temperature was lowest for the specimen with macro-synthetic fibers. Deflection was evaluated using previously published equations and standards. The deflection evaluation confirmed that the temperature distribution should be applied differently in the estimation method that uses the thermal load of the deck slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Son
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (H.-J.A.)
| | - Hyo-Jun Ahn
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (H.-J.A.)
| | - Joo-Hong Chung
- Department of Smart Architecture Civil Engineering, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-Do 11159, Korea;
| | - Baek-Il Bae
- Department of Digital Architectural and Urban Engineering, Hanyang Cyber University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Chang-Sik Choi
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (D.-H.S.); (H.-J.A.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Kaynak E, Ureyen ME, Koparal AS. Thermal characterization and flammability of polypropylene containing sepiolite-APP combinations. E-POLYMERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2016-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of sepiolite on fire behavior of ammonium polyphosphate-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR)/polypropylene (PP) were investigated. The disaggregation of sepiolite bundles has been provided by wet-milling as the zeta potential value decreased from −9.6 to −31.3 mV. PP and additives were compounded by a twin-screw extruder and molded by injection. A total additive content of 20 wt% in PP and various proportions of sepiolite (1.0–10.0 wt%) in flame retardant (FR) formulation were studied. The flammability of the samples was measured by limit oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimetry. The LOI of neat PP (19%) was increased to 32.2% when sepiolite and IFR were used. The peak heat release rate of neat PP (1566.4 kW/m2) was also significantly reduced (94.7 kW/m2) when sepiolite was added with IFR. Thermal analyses results showed that, at higher temperature (700°C), IFR and sepiolite increased the char residue (9 wt%) compared to neat PP (0 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kaynak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Savaş Koparal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
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3
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Chen GG, Fu GQ, Wang XJ, Gong XD, Niu YS, Peng F, Yao CL, Sun RC. Facile synthesis of high strength hot-water wood extract films with oxygen-barrier performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41075. [PMID: 28112259 PMCID: PMC5253625 DOI: 10.1038/srep41075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased nanocomposite films for food packaging with high mechanical strength and good oxygen-barrier performance were developed using a hot-water wood extract (HWE). In this work, a facile approach to produce HWE/montmorillonite (MMT) based nanocomposite films with excellent physical properties is described. The focus of this study was to determine the effects of the MMT content on the structure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites and the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical properties of the HWE-MMT films. The experimental results suggested that the intercalation of HWE and CMC in montmorillonite could produce compact, robust films with a nacre-like structure and multifunctional characteristics. This results of this study showed that the mechanical properties of the film designated FCMC0.05 (91.5 MPa) were dramatically enhanced because the proportion of HWE, MMT and CMC was 1:1.5:0.05. In addition, the optimized films exhibited an oxygen permeability below 2.0 cm3μm/day·m2·kPa, as well as good thermal stability due to the small amount of CMC. These results provide a comprehensive understanding for further development of high-performance nanocomposites which are based on natural polymers (HWE) and assembled layered clays (MMT). These films offer great potential in the field of sustainable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Gu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gen-Que Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gong
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Ya-Shuai Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Li Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Wesolek D, Gasiorowski R, Rojewski S, Walentowska J, Wojcik R. New Flexible Flame Retardant Coatings Based on Siloxane Resin and Ethylene-Vinyl Chloride Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8120419. [PMID: 30974695 PMCID: PMC6432141 DOI: 10.3390/polym8120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the effectiveness of a phosphorus-containing flame retardant based on siloxane resin and ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer as a back-coating of fabrics. The possibility of improving flame retardant efficiency of this composition by introducing fumed silica, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, and graphite was evaluated. The effect of each additive on the efficiency of the composition was examined separately. Flammability tests of flame retardant-coated fabrics (natural and synthetic) were carried out using pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), cone calorimetry, and limiting oxygen index determination. An assessment of the ignitability of upholstered furniture containing flame retardant fabric, resistance to washing, antifungal activity, and some of the utility properties of the final newly-developed flame-retardant coating was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wesolek
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Gasiorowski
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Szymon Rojewski
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Judyta Walentowska
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Rafał Wojcik
- Department of Innovative Biomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Institute of Natural Fibres & Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
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Xu W, Xu B, Li A, Wang X, Wang G. Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of MgAl Layered Double Hydroxides Containing P and Si in Polyurethane Elastomer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Lab of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoling Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aijiao Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guisong Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 292 Ziyun Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People’s Republic of China
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Horrocks R, Sitpalan A, Zhou C, Kandola BK. Flame Retardant Polyamide Fibres: The Challenge of Minimising Flame Retardant Additive Contents with Added Nanoclays. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8080288. [PMID: 30974566 PMCID: PMC6431929 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work shows that halogen-free, flame retarded polyamide 6 (PA6), fabrics may be produced in which component fibres still have acceptable tensile properties and low levels (preferably ≤10 wt %) of additives by incorporating a nanoclay along with two types of flame retardant formulations. The latter include (i) aluminium diethyl phosphinate (AlPi) at 10 wt %, known to work principally in the vapour phase and (ii) ammonium sulphamate (AS)/dipentaerythritol (DP) system present at 2.5 and 1 wt % respectively, believed to be condense phase active. The nanoclay chosen is an organically modified montmorillonite clay, Cloisite 25A. The effect of each additive system is analysed in terms of its ability to maximise both filament tensile properties relative to 100% PA6 and flame retardant behaviour of knitted fabrics in a vertical orientation. None of the AlPi-containing formulations achieved self-extinguishability, although the presence of nanoclay promoted lower burning and melt dripping rates. The AS/DP-containing formulations with total flame retardant levels of 5.5 wt % or less showed far superior properties and with nanoclay, showed fabric extinction times ≤ 39 s and reduced melt dripping. The tensile and flammability results, supported by thermogravimetric analysis, have been interpreted in terms of the mechanism of action of each flame retardant/nanoclay type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Horrocks
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
| | - Ahilan Sitpalan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Eastern University Sri Lanka, Chenkaladi 30350, Sri Lanka.
| | - Chen Zhou
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
| | - Baljinder K Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
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7
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Cai J, Heng HM, Hu XP, Xu QK, Miao F. A facile method for the preparation of novel fire-retardant layered double hydroxide and its application as nanofiller in UP. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Chen GG, Qi XM, Li MP, Guan Y, Bian J, Peng F, Yao CL, Sun RC. Hemicelluloses/montmorillonite hybrid films with improved mechanical and barrier properties. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16405. [PMID: 26549418 PMCID: PMC4637904 DOI: 10.1038/srep16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and environmentally friendly method was introduced to incorporate montmorillonite (MMT) as an inorganic phase into quaternized hemicelluloses (QH) for forming hemicellulose-based films. Two fillers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitin nanowhiskers (NCH), were added into the hemicelluloses/MMT hybrid matrices to prepare hybrid films, respectively. The hybrid films were nanocomposites with nacre-like structure and multifunctional characteristics including higher strength and good oxygen barrier properties via the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The addition of PVA and NCH could induce changes in surface topography, and effectively enhance mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, and oxygen barrier properties. The tensile strengths of the composite films FPVA(0.3), FPVA(0.5), and FNCH(0.8) were 53.7, 46.3, and 50.1 MPa, respectively, which were 171%, 134%, and 153% larger than the FQH-MMT film (19.8 MPa). The tensile strength, and oxygen transmission rate of QH-MMT-PVA film were better than those of quaternized hemicelluloses/MMT films. Thus, the proper filler is very important for the strength of the hybrid film. These results provide insights into the understanding of the structural relationships of hemicellulose-based composite films in coating and packaging application for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Gu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xian-Ming Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Li Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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9
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Chen Q, Wen X, Chen H, Qi Y, Gong J, Yang H, Li Y, Tang T. Study of the effect of nanosized carbon black on flammability and mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun 130022 China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yanlong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hongfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yunhui Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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10
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Aslanzadeh S, Rahbar RS, Nazi M. Accelerating role of clay in photo-oxidation of polypropylene/clay multifilament yarns. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-014-1426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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12
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Wen X, Tian N, Gong J, Chen Q, Qi Y, Liu Z, Liu J, Jiang Z, Chen X, Tang T. Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Nana Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Changchun University of Science and Technology; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Yanlong Qi
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Engineering University; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 China
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13
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Adanur S, Selver E. Nanoclay/Polypropylene Composite Monofilament Processing and Properties Using Twin and Single Screw Extruders. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.641696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Guo
- Swerea IVF; Department of Textile and Plastics; Mölndal SE-431 22 Sweden
| | - Bengt Hagström
- Swerea IVF; Department of Textile and Plastics; Mölndal SE-431 22 Sweden
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Technology; Chalmers University of Technology; SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden
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15
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Horrocks A, Kandola B, Milnes G, Sitpalan A, Hadimani R. The potential for ultrasound to improve nanoparticle dispersion and increase flame resistance in fibre-forming polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Didane N, Giraud S, Devaux E. Fire performances comparison of back coating and melt spinning approaches for PET covering textiles. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Kandola BK, Price D, Milnes GJ, Da Silva A, Gao F, Nigmatullin R. Characterization of Melt Dripping Behavior of Flame Retarded Polypropylene Nanocomposites. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1118.ch021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - D. Price
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - G. J. Milnes
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - A. Da Silva
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - F. Gao
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - R. Nigmatullin
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
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18
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Mechanical and electret properties of polypropylene unwoven fabrics reinforced with POSS for electret filter materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Yang R, Mather RR, Fotheringham AF. The influence of processing parameters on the structural and mechanical properties of drawn polypropylene fibres: A factorial design approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Duncan TV. Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 363:1-24. [PMID: 21824625 PMCID: PMC7094330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, several applications of nanomaterials in food packaging and food safety are reviewed, including: polymer/clay nanocomposites as high barrier packaging materials, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, and nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food-relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens). In addition to covering the technical aspects of these topics, the current commercial status and understanding of health implications of these technologies are also discussed. These applications were chosen because they do not involve direct addition of nanoparticles to consumed foods, and thus are more likely to be marketed to the public in the short term.
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21
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Horrocks AR. Flame retardant challenges for textiles and fibres: New chemistry versus innovatory solutions. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Li YC, Schulz J, Mannen S, Delhom C, Condon B, Chang S, Zammarano M, Grunlan JC. Flame retardant behavior of polyelectrolyte-clay thin film assemblies on cotton fabric. ACS NANO 2010; 4:3325-3337. [PMID: 20496883 DOI: 10.1021/nn100467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fabric was treated with flame-retardant coatings composed of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) clay, prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Four coating recipes were created by exposing fabric to aqueous solutions of BPEI (pH 7 or 10) and MMT (0.2 or 1 wt %). BPEI pH 10 produces the thickest films, while 1 wt % MMT gives the highest clay loading. Each coating recipe was evaluated at 5 and 20 bilayers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that coated fabrics left as much as 13% char after heating to 500 degrees C, nearly 2 orders of magnitude more than uncoated fabric, with less than 4 wt % coming from the coating itself. These coatings also reduced afterglow time in vertical flame tests. Postburn residues of coated fabrics were examined with SEM and revealed that the weave structure and fiber shape in all coated fabrics were preserved. The BPEI pH 7/1 wt % MMT recipe was most effective. Microcombustion calorimeter testing showed that all coated fabrics reduced the total heat release and heat release capacity of the fabric. Fiber count and strength of uncoated and coated fabric are similar. These results demonstrate that LbL assembly is a relatively simple method for imparting flame-retardant behavior to cotton fabric. This work lays the foundation for using these types of thin film assemblies to make a variety of complex substrates (foam, fabrics, etc.) flame resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Effect of manganese nanoparticles on the mechanical, thermal and fire properties of polypropylene multifilament yarn. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kandola BK, Smart G, Horrocks AR, Joseph P, Zhang S, Hull TR, Ebdon J, Hunt B, Cook A. Effect of different compatibilisers on nanoclay dispersion, thermal stability, and burning behavior of polypropylene–nanoclay blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Smart G, Kandola BK, Horrocks AR, Nazaré S, Marney D. Polypropylene fibers containing dispersed clays having improved fire performance. Part II: characterization of fibers and fabrics from PP–nanoclay blends. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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