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Wong JF, Chan JX, Hassan A, Mohamad Z, Hashim S, Abd Razak J, Ching YC, Yunos Z, Yahaya R. Use of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers in enhancing mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of polyoxymethylene nanocomposites. POLYMER COMPOSITES 2022; 43:7845-7858. [DOI: 10.1002/pc.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers (SWN) reinforced polyoxymethylene (POM) nanocomposites. SWN has been added into the POM nanocomposites in the range of 0.5–3 phr via melt blending. The mechanical properties were investigated through tensile and impact tests with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The thermal characterization was performed by thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Flame retardancy of nanocomposites was studied through cone calorimetry analysis and limiting oxygen index test. The tensile strength of nanocomposites improved by 5.88% at 1 phr SWN content, whereas Young's modulus increased with increasing content. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was enhanced as indicated by the higher initial degradation temperature, which rose about 22°C at 1 phr SWN content. The POM/SWN nanocomposites exhibited better mechanical strength despite their lower crystallinity due to the substantial reinforcing effect of SWN. The flame retardancy of nanocomposites improved, as indicated by the reduction of peak heat release rate from the cone calorimetry test. This study shows that SWN has simultaneously enhanced the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and flame retardancy of POM nanocomposites and has the potential in automotive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Fatt Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Jia Xin Chan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Azman Hassan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Zurina Mohamad
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Shahrir Hashim
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Jeefferie Abd Razak
- Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Melaka Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Zaini Yunos
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Malaysia
| | - Ridwan Yahaya
- Science and Technology Research Institute for Defence Malaysia Ministry of Defence Kajang Malaysia
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Duan Z, Wang Y, Bian S, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang X, He R, Wang J, Qu G, Chu PK, Yu XF. Size-dependent flame retardancy of black phosphorus nanosheets. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2599-2604. [PMID: 35137736 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets are potential flame-retardant nano-additives. Herein, the effects of the size of BP nanosheets embedded in epoxy resin (EP) on flame retardancy are studied. BP nanosheets with four different sizes are synthesized from bulk BP by different exfoliation methods including solid ball milling, liquid ball milling, ultrasonic liquid exfoliation, and electrochemical exfoliation (samples are designated as sb-BP, lb-BP, us-BP, and ec-BP, respectively). lb-BP exhibits the best dispersion in the EP matrix, and the lb-BP/EP composite shows the best flame-retardancy properties among the four BP/EP composites. Compared to bare EP, lb-BP/EP shows obvious improvements including the reduction in the heat release peak rate by 34.4%, total heat release by 27.0%, peak of smoke production rate by 69.2%, and total production of carbon monoxide by 50.8%. The mechanistic study reveals that lb-BP serves as a barrier and carbonization catalyst to delay combustion. These results confirm the size dependence of flame-retardancy properties of BP nanosheets and the new knowledge provides insights into the size dependent effects of other two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunbin Duan
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shi Bian
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Danni Liu
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rui He
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Engineering Center for the Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Liang T, Cai J, Liu S, Lai H, Zhao J. Chain Extension and Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aromatic Schiff Base Diepoxide on Polyamide 6/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142217. [PMID: 31295824 PMCID: PMC6678687 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A way to suppress the deterioration in mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) is required, especially with high loading of flame retardants in the matrix. In this study, a novel aromatic Schiff base diepoxide (DES) was synthesized. It exhibited an efficient chain extension effect on PA6 and a synergistic flame-retardant effect with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) for PA6. The PA6 composite with 16 wt.% AlPi only passed UL-94 V-0 rating at 1.6 mm thickness, while the combination of 1.5 wt.% DES with 13 wt.% AlPi induced PA6 to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating at 0.8 mm thickness. The tensile, flexural, and Izod notched impact strengths were increased by 16.2%, 16.5%, and 24.9%, respectively, compared with those of V-0 flame-retarded PA6 composites with 16 wt.% AlPi. The flame-retarded mechanism of PA6/AlPi/DES was investigated by cone calorimetry and infrared characterization of the char residues and pyrolysis products. These results showed that DES had a synergistic effect with AlPi in condensed-phase flame retardation by promoting the production of aluminum phosphorus oxides and polyphosphates in the char residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shenzhen Halcyon New Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Jianan Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hualin Lai
- Shenzhen Halcyon New Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Thumsorn S, Negoro T, Thodsaratpreeyakul W, Inoya H, Okoshi M, Hamada H. Effect of ammonium polyphosphate and fillers on flame retardant and mechanical properties of recycled PET injection molded. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supaphorn Thumsorn
- Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi; Thanyaburi Pathum Thani Thailand
- Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
| | - Takanori Negoro
- Kyoto Institute of Technology; Kyoto Japan
- Negoro Sangyo Co., Ltd.; Osaka Japan
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Quach YTH, Ferry L, Sonnier R, Lopez Cuesta JM. Efficiency of wollastonite and ammonium polyphosphate combinations on flame retardancy of polystyrene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Thi-Hai Quach
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès; Centre CMGD; 6 avenue de Clavières F-30319 ALES CEDEX France
| | - Laurent Ferry
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès; Centre CMGD; 6 avenue de Clavières F-30319 ALES CEDEX France
| | - Rodolphe Sonnier
- Ecole des Mines d'Alès; Centre CMGD; 6 avenue de Clavières F-30319 ALES CEDEX France
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Fox DM, Harris RH, Bellayer S, Gilman JW, Gelfer MY, Hsaio BS, Maupin PH, Trulove PC, De Long HC. The pillaring effect of the 1,2-dimethyl-3(benzyl ethyl iso-butyl POSS) imidazolium cation in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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