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Serairi L, Santillo C, Basset P, Lavorgna M, Pace G. Boosting Contact Electrification by Amorphous Polyvinyl Alcohol Endowing Improved Contact Adhesion and Electrochemical Capacitance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403366. [PMID: 38651355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion conductive hydrogels are relevant components in wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable electronics. Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) homopolymer is often the favored choice for integration into supercapacitors and energy harvesters as in sustainable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, to further improve hydrogel-based TENGs, a deeper understanding of the impact of their composition and structure on devices performance is necessary. Here, it is shown how ionic hydrogels based on an amorphous-PVA (a-PVA) allow to fabricate TENGs that outperform the one based on the homopolymer. When used as tribomaterial, the Li-doped a-PVA allows to achieve a twofold higher pressure sensitivity compared to PVA, and to develop a conformable e-skin. When used as an ionic conductor encased in an elastomeric tribomaterial, 100 mW cm-2 average power is obtained, providing 25% power increase compared to PVA. At the origin of such enhancement is the increased softness, stronger adhesive contact, higher ionic mobility (> 3,5-fold increase), and long-term stability achieved with Li-doped a-PVA. These improvements are attributed to the high density of hydroxyl groups and amorphous structure present in the a-PVA, enabling a strong binding to water molecules. This work discloses novel insights on those parameters allowing to develop easy-processable, stable, and highly conductive hydrogels for integration in conformable, soft, and biocompatible TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Serairi
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESYCOM, Marne-la-Vallée, F-77454, France
| | - Chiara Santillo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Philippe Basset
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESYCOM, Marne-la-Vallée, F-77454, France
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, Portici, 80055, Italy
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Previati, 1/E, Lecco, 23900, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pace
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (IMM-CNR), Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate, 20864, Italy
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Percolation Network Formation in Nylon 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: A Critical Structural Insight and the Impact on Solidification Process and Mechanical Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173672. [PMID: 36080748 PMCID: PMC9460736 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of montmorillonite (MMT) into Nylon 6 can endow advantages like improved mechanical strength and thermal stability, making Nylon 6/MMT a possible ideal alternative for Nylon 66. However, the relationship between the microstructure and physical properties of nylon 6/MMT nanocomposites is unclear so far due to the complicated system, including the highly asymmetric geometry of the exfoliated MMT layer and the complicated interaction between MMT layers and entangled nylon 6 chains. Herein, we focus on two processes, namely the impact of MMT on the solidification procedure during molding and the toughness–brittleness transition during the tensile stretch, in order to elucidate the structure–property relationship of nylon 6/MMT composites. We firstly studied the solidification process of nylon 6/MMT with bending height experiments. The results showed that the solidification process occurs prior to the crystallization of nylon 6, indicating that a physical crosslinked network rather than a crystalline structure is the reason for the solidification process. Furthermore, the solidification speed has a step change at around 2 wt% MMT content, indicating that the MMT percolation network is related to the transition. We further studied the influence of MMT inclusion on the mechanical properties, and found the tensile strain at break showed a similar step change at around 2 wt% MMT content, which further confirms the existence of an MMT percolation network above 2 wt% MMT content. It was generally believed that the main effect of MMT on nylon 6 is the nanofiller enforcement; we found that the percolation effect of the highly asymmetric 2-D nanofiller plays a central role in influencing the mechanical properties and solidification behavior during molding.
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Jiao LL, Zhao PC, Liu ZQ, Wu QS, Yan DQ, Li YL, Chen YN, Li JS. Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardant from Hydromagnesite and Enhance the Flame Retardant Performance of EVA. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081567. [PMID: 35458317 PMCID: PMC9030901 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, hydromagnesite, a rare natural hydrated alkaline magnesium carbonate, was used to synthesize magnesium hydroxide (MH) as a flame retardant for ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) to enhance its fire resistance and smoke suppression. Various concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to alter the morphology and the flame-retardant efficiency of synthesized MH. EVA/MH composites were prepared through melt blending, and the influence of NaOH on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties was investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT) and tensile test. The flame retardancy results demonstrated that composites exhibited remarkably improved flame retardant properties after introducing MH, reflected by an increase in the LOI value from 20% for neat EVA to roughly 38%. Additionally, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR) and the peak of the smoke production rate for EVA3 were decreased by 37.6%, 20.7% and 44.4% compared with neat EVA, respectively. In the meantime, increasing char residues were also observed. The incorporation of different MH concentrations had a limited effect on the mechanical properties of the EVA/MH composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.-L.J.); (Q.-S.W.); (D.-Q.Y.)
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhao
- Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
- Correspondence: (P.-C.Z.); (Z.-Q.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65559189 (Z.-Q.L.)
| | - Zhi-Qi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.-L.J.); (Q.-S.W.); (D.-Q.Y.)
- Green Industry Innovation Research Institute, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
- Correspondence: (P.-C.Z.); (Z.-Q.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65559189 (Z.-Q.L.)
| | - Qing-Shan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.-L.J.); (Q.-S.W.); (D.-Q.Y.)
| | - Dong-Qiang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (L.-L.J.); (Q.-S.W.); (D.-Q.Y.)
| | - Yi-Lan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 230022, China;
| | - Yu-Nan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Ji-Sheng Li
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;
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Raja Beryl J, Xavier JR. Influence of silane functionalized nanoclay on the barrier, mechanical and hydrophobic properties by clay nanocomposite films in an aggressive chloride medium. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Effect of Organosilane Coupling Agents on Thermal, Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Silicate-Filled Epoxy Molding Compound. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13010177. [PMID: 31906375 PMCID: PMC6982028 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Global industries strive towards the production of materials with superior mechanical characteristics, and their development remains a big challenges. One of the more interesting materials that exhibit these properties are silicate-filled epoxy molding compounds (EMCs). A good interaction between silicate filler and epoxy matrix is generally needed to achieve advantageous mechanical properties, as well as the desirable rheological behavior of EMCs. Understanding the influence of different organosilane coupling agents on the rheological and mechanical properties of EMCs is essential in the development and optimization of the manufacturing process. For this matter, a mixture of calcium silicate and aluminosilicate was treated by using organosilane coupling agents with different chemical structures and thus treated silicates were applied as fillers in the EMCs. The thermal behavior of the organosilane-modified, silicate-filled EMCs was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Flow-curing behavior (torque rheometer) and spiral flow length measurement (EMMI) were used to monitor the rheological properties and reactivity of the EMCs. The results showed that 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane- and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-treated filler had a greater influence on the tensile strength of hot-pressed test samples, while 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and a blend of primary and secondary aminosilanes had a more significant impact on the rheological behavior of the material.
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Multifunctional Performance of a Nano-Modified Fiber Reinforced Composite Aeronautical Panel. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060869. [PMID: 30875892 PMCID: PMC6471376 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of multifunctional flame-resistant composites is becoming increasingly attractive for many components of aircrafts and competition cars. Compared to conventional alloy solutions, the reduced weight and corrosion resistance are only a couple of the relevant advantages they can offer. In this paper, a carbon fiber reinforced panel (CFRP) was impregnated with an epoxy resin enhanced using a combination of 0.5 wt% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 5 wt% of Glycidyl-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (GPOSS). This formulation, which is peculiar to resins with increased electrical conductivity and flame-resistance properties, has been employed for manufacturing a carbon fiber reinforced panel (CFRP) composed of eight plies through a liquid infusion technique. Vibro-acoustic tests have been performed on the panel for the characterization of the damping performance, as well the transmission loss properties related to micro-handling treatments. The spectral excitation has been provided by an acoustic source simulating the aerodynamic pressure load agent on the structure. The incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix determines a non-trivial improvement in the dynamic performance of the laminate. An increased damping loss factor with reference to standard CFRP laminate and also an improvement of the sound insulation parameter was found for the specific test article.
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Mustapha R, Rahmat AR, Abdul Majid R, Mustapha SNH. Vegetable oil-based epoxy resins and their composites with bio-based hardener: a short review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohani Mustapha
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Razak Rahmat
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Rohah Abdul Majid
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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Tang Y, Tang C, Hu D, Gui Y. Effect of Aminosilane Coupling Agents with Different Chain Lengths on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Epoxy Resin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E951. [PMID: 30463219 PMCID: PMC6266079 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a molecular dynamics simulation method was used to study the thermo-mechanical properties of cross-linked epoxy resins doped with nano silica particles that were grafted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]-propyl-trimethoxysilane with different chain lengths. Firstly, a set of pure epoxy resin models, and four sets of SiO₂/EP composite models were established. Then, a reasonable structure was obtained through a series of optimizations using molecular dynamics calculations. Next, the mechanical properties, hydrogen bond statistics, glass transition temperature, free volume fraction, and chain spacing of the five models were studied comparatively. The results show that doped nano silica particles of surfaces grafted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]-propyl-trimethoxysilane with different chain lengths enhanced mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, and volume modulus obviously. The glass transition temperature increased by 15⁻16 K, 40⁻41 K, and 24⁻27 K, respectively. Finally, the data show that the cross-linked epoxy resin modified by nanoparticles grafted with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane had better effects for improving thermo-mechanical properties by the comparatively studying the five groups of parameter models under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Tang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dong Hu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yingang Gui
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Purut Koc O, Bekin Acar S, Uyar T, Tasdelen MA. In situ preparation of thermoset/clay nanocomposites via thiol-epoxy click chemistry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Ianchis R, Ninciuleanu CM, Gifu IC, Alexandrescu E, Somoghi R, Gabor AR, Preda S, Nistor CL, Nitu S, Petcu C, Icriverzi M, Florian PE, Roseanu AM. Novel Hydrogel-Advanced Modified Clay Nanocomposites as Possible Vehicles for Drug Delivery and Controlled Release. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E443. [PMID: 29236090 PMCID: PMC5746933 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Present study refers to the synthesis of new advanced materials based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) with previously reported own advanced modified clays by edge covalent bonding. This will create the premises to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels with combined hydrophilic-hydrophobic behavior absolutely necessary for co-delivery of polar/nonpolar substances. For the synthesis, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was used as cross-linker and ammonium persulphate as initiator. As a consequence of the inclusion of clay into the polymer matrix and the intercalation of PMAA between the layers as well as the presence of hydrophobic interactions occurred between partners, the final hydrogel nanocomposites possessed greater swelling degrees, slower de-swelling process and enhanced mechanical properties depending on the clay type in comparison with pure hydrogel. In vitro MTS ([3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt]) colorimetric assay showed that direct exposure with PMMA-clay-based constructs did not affect cell viability and proliferation in time (24 and 48 h) on either normal or adenocarcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ianchis
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Claudia M Ninciuleanu
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ioana C Gifu
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elvira Alexandrescu
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Somoghi
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Augusta R Gabor
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Silviu Preda
- Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu", Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 194, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristina L Nistor
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Sabina Nitu
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristian Petcu
- National R-D Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM-Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th district, P.O. Box 35/174, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Madalina Icriverzi
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Spl. Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania.
| | - Paula E Florian
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Spl. Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania.
| | - Anca M Roseanu
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Ligand-Receptor Interaction Department, Spl. Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest 17, Romania.
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Wu Z, Gao S, Chen L, Jiang D, Shao Q, Zhang B, Zhai Z, Wang C, Zhao M, Ma Y, Zhang X, Weng L, Zhang M, Guo Z. Electrically Insulated Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Synergistic Core-Shell SiO2
@MWCNTs and Montmorillonite Bifillers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application; Ministry of Education; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Sheng Gao
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials; Northeast Forestry University; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Qian Shao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266590 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Shandong University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266590 China
| | - Zhaohui Zhai
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL); Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 77966 USA
| | - Yingyi Ma
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application; Ministry of Education; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ling Weng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application; Ministry of Education; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application; Ministry of Education; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
- College of Material Science and Engineering; Harbin University of Science and Technology; Harbin 150040 China
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL); Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN 77966 USA
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Barra G, Vertuccio L, Vietri U, Naddeo C, Hadavinia H, Guadagno L. Toughening of Epoxy Adhesives by Combined Interaction of Carbon Nanotubes and Silsesquioxanes. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101131. [PMID: 28946691 PMCID: PMC5666937 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of adhesives in many structural applications in the transport industry and particularly in the aeronautic field is due to numerous advantages of bonded joints. However, still many researchers are working to enhance the mechanical properties and rheological performance of adhesives by using nanoadditives. In this study the effect of the addition of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) compounds, either Glycidyl Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (GPOSS) or DodecaPhenyl Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (DPHPOSS) to Tetraglycidyl Methylene Dianiline (TGMDA) epoxy formulation, was investigated. The formulations contain neither a tougher matrix such as elastomers nor other additives typically used to provide a closer match in the coefficient of thermal expansion in order to discriminate only the effect of the addition of the above-mentioned components. Bonded aluminium single lap joints were made using both untreated and Chromic Acid Anodisation (CAA)-treated aluminium alloy T2024 adherends. The effects of the different chemical functionalities of POSS compounds, as well as the synergistic effect between the MWCNT and POSS combination on adhesion strength, were evaluated by viscosity measurement, tensile tests, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), single lap joint shear strength tests, and morphological investigation. The best performance in the Lap Shear Strength (LSS) of the manufactured joints has been found for treated adherends bonded with epoxy adhesive containing MWCNTs and GPOSS. Carbon nanotubes have been found to play a very effective bridging function across the fracture surface of the bonded joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barra
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Luigi Vertuccio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Umberto Vietri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Carlo Naddeo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Homayoun Hadavinia
- School of Engineering, Kingston University, Roehampton Vale, Friars Avenue, London SW15 3DW, UK.
| | - Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Szymańska J, Bakar M, Białkowska A, Kostrzewa M. Study on the adhesive properties of reactive liquid rubber toughened epoxy-clay hybrid nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present work investigates the adhesive properties and morphology of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A nanocomposites modified with reactive butadiene acrylonitrile copolymers having different amine equivalent weight. Tensile adhesive strength and shear adhesive strength of epoxy resin were significantly increased due to reactive rubbers and nanoparticles (ZW1) incorporation to the epoxy matrix. Hybrid composites based on 1 wt% ZW1 and 10 wt% ATBN-16, 1 wt% ZW1 and 15 wt% ATBN-21 exhibited maximum adhesive strength in comparison with neat epoxy resin as well as epoxy nanocomposite containing 1% ZW1. Tensile adhesive strength of hybrid composites containing 1% ZW1 and 10% ATBN-16 as well as 1% ZW1 and 15% ATBN-21 was maximally enhanced. The fracture surfaces of epoxy hybrid composites showed significant plastic yielding together with delaminated and stratified structures, explaining thus the increase of the adhesive strength of tested composites. This finding was confirmed by FTIR spectra in terms of chemical reactions occurrence between the reactive rubbers and epoxy matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Szymańska
- Department of Organic Materials Technology , Radom University of Technology and Humanities , Chrobrego 27 , 26-600 Radom , Poland
| | - Mohamed Bakar
- Department of Organic Materials Technology , Radom University of Technology and Humanities , Chrobrego 27 , 26-600 Radom , Poland
| | - Anita Białkowska
- Department of Organic Materials Technology , Radom University of Technology and Humanities , Chrobrego 27 , 26-600 Radom , Poland
| | - Marcin Kostrzewa
- Department of Organic Materials Technology , Radom University of Technology and Humanities , Chrobrego 27 , 26-600 Radom , Poland
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14
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Ionic liquid tailored interfaces in halloysite nanotube/heterophasic ethylene–propylene copolymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Wang M, Fan X, Thitsartarn W, He C. Rheological and mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites with enhanced tensile and fracture toughnesses. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bruce AN, Lieber D, Hua I, Howarter JA. Rational interface design of epoxy–organoclay nanocomposites: Role of structure-property relationship for silane modifiers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 419:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Yang C, Dingyang Y, Huawei Z, Mei L. Enhancing damping properties of epoxy resins using silicone macromolecule intercalated montmorillonite clay. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible silicone macromolecules have been inserted into OMMT and the constrained layer damping structure has been prepared successfully in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- The State Key Lab. of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yao Dingyang
- The State Key Lab. of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zou Huawei
- The State Key Lab. of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang Mei
- The State Key Lab. of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
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18
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Bakar M, Kostrzewa M, Białkowska A, Pawelec Z. Effect of mixing parameters on the mechanical and thermal properties of a nanoclay-modified epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313512141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the effect of the sonication amplitude and the mixing time on the mechanical and thermal properties of an epoxy (EP) resin modified with 1 wt% nanoclay. It was confirmed that the mechanical properties of the EP matrix were dependent on the dispersion of nanoclays which in turn are affected by the mixing parameters. At short mixing times, the impact strength (IS) increased with increasing amplitude. Maximum IS and flexural properties values were obtained with ultrasonic amplitude of 260 μm and a mixing time of 10 min. The effect of mixing time was more pronounced on the deflection temperature under load than the sonication amplitude. Moreover, it was shown that longer mixing times resulted in a smoother nanocomposite fracture surface with only few cracks. The fracture surfaces of the EP nanocomposites were rough with significant plastic deformations and several microcracks with nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bakar
- Department of Organic Materials Technology, Radom University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
| | - M. Kostrzewa
- Department of Organic Materials Technology, Radom University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
| | - A. Białkowska
- Department of Organic Materials Technology, Radom University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland
| | - Z. Pawelec
- Department of Proecological Technologies, Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Radom, Poland
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