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Liu Y, Yang Z, Yang J, Li E, Tang B, Yuan Y. Investigation of TiO
2
and SiO
2
Filled Polybutadiene Composite Substrates and Their Dielectric Properties. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- National Engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- National Engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Zhenhua Group Yunke Electronics co. ltd Guiyang 550018 People's Republic of China
| | - Enzhu Li
- National Engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- National Engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yuan
- National Engineering Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Xiyuan Road Chengdu 611731 People's Republic of China
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2
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Majder-Łopatka M, Węsierski T, Ankowski A, Ratajczak K, Duralski D, Piechota-Polanczyk A, Polanczyk A. Thermal Analysis of Plastics Used in the Food Industry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:248. [PMID: 35009394 PMCID: PMC8746179 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fires in landfills, where used plastic packaging waste is discarded, have shown how great a fire hazard these types of materials pose. In this study, the course of thermo-oxidation of samples made of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based plastics was determined. Based on an analysis of the dissociation energy of bonds between atoms in a polymer molecule, the mechanisms responsible for the character and course of degradation were observed. It was found that the degradation rate of PP and PS could be a result of the stability of C-H bonds on the tertiary carbon atom. In the case of PS, due to facilitated intramolecular hydrogen transfer, stabilization of hydroperoxide, and formation of a stable tertiary alcohol molecule, the onset of degradation is shifted towards higher temperatures than in the case of PP. Notably, the PP fragmentation occurs to a greater extent due to the easier course of β-scission. In addition, it was found that during a fire, the least amount of heat would be generated by thermo-oxidation of PS-based plastics. This is a result of the formation of a styrene molecule during decomposition that, due to the high stability of bonds in the aromatic ring, escapes from the combustion zone without oxidation. It has been proven that the greatest thermal effect accompanies PET decomposition, during which a phenyl radical is produced, where the C-H bonds break more easily in comparison with the bonds of an intact ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Tomasz Węsierski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Artur Ankowski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (T.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Kamil Ratajczak
- Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Dominik Duralski
- Institute of Internal Security, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Polanczyk
- Faculty of Safety Engineering and Civil Protection, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Slowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.); (A.P.)
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3
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Sangroniz L, Fernández M, Partal P, Santamaria A. Rheology of Polymer Processing in Spain (1995-2020). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142314. [PMID: 34301070 PMCID: PMC8309276 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of Spanish scientists to the rheology involved in polymer processing during the last 25 years is investigated. It is shown that the performed research covers, at different levels, all industrial polymeric materials: thermoplastics, thermosets, adhesives, biopolymers, composites and nanocomposites, and polymer modified bitumen. Therefore, the rheological behaviour of these materials in processing methods such as extrusion, injection moulding, additive manufacturing, and others is discussed, based on the literature results. A detailed view of the most outstanding achievements, based on the rheological criteria of the authors, is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Pedro Partal
- Pro2TecS—Chemical Process and Product Technology Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Antxon Santamaria
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.S.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Zhang G, Rocha S, Lu G, Yuan H, Uji-i H, Floudas GA, Müllen K, Xiao L, Hofkens J, Debroye E. Spatially and Temporally Resolved Heterogeneities in a Miscible Polymer Blend. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23931-23939. [PMID: 32984713 PMCID: PMC7513360 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in miscible polymer blends is critical for understanding and further improving their material properties. However, a complete picture on the heterogeneous dynamics is often obscured in ensemble measurements. Herein, the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in fully miscible polystyrene/oligostyrene blend films are investigated by monitoring the rotational diffusion of embedded individual probe molecules using defocused wide-field fluorescence microscopy. In the same blend film, three significantly different types of dynamical behaviors (referred to as modes) of the probe molecules can be observed at the same time, namely, immobile, continuously rotating, and intermittently rotating probe molecules. This reveals a prominent spatial heterogeneity in local dynamics at the nanometer scale. In addition to that, temporal heterogeneity is uncovered by the nonexponential characteristic of the rotational autocorrelation functions of single-molecule probes. Moreover, the occurrence probabilities of these different modes strongly depend on the polystyrene: oligostyrene ratios in the blend films. Remarkably, some probe molecules switch between the continuous and intermittent rotational modes at elevated temperature, indicating a possible alteration in local dynamics that is triggered by the dynamic heterogeneity in the blends. Although some of these findings can be discussed by the self-concentration model and the results provided by ensemble averaging techniques (e.g., dielectric spectroscopy), there are implications that go beyond current models of blend dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute
of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme
Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Susana Rocha
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gang Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Institute
of Advanced Materials & Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-i
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo City 001-0020, Japan
| | - George A. Floudas
- Department
of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max
Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute
of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme
Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Max
Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11101886. [PMID: 30279367 PMCID: PMC6213196 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recycling polymers is common due to the need to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the polymers called ‘commodities polymers’ and it is commonly used in a wide variety of short-term applications such as food packaging and agricultural products. That is why a large amount of PP residues that can be recycled are generated every year. However, the current increasing introduction of biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry can negatively affect the properties of recycled PP if those kinds of plastics are disposed with traditional plastics. For this reason, the influence that generates small amounts of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in the recycled PP were analyzed in this work. Thus, recycled PP was blended with biodegradables polymers by melt extrusion followed by injection moulding process to simulate the industrial conditions. Then, the obtained materials were evaluated by studding the changes on the thermal and mechanical performance. The results revealed that the vicat softening temperature is negatively affected by the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled PP. Meanwhile, the melt flow index was negatively affected for PLA and PHB added blends. The mechanical properties were affected when more than 5 wt.% of biodegradable polymers were present. Moreover, structural changes were detected when biodegradable polymers were added to the recycled PP by means of FTIR, because of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl group (between the band 1700–1800 cm−1) appeared due to the presence of PLA, PHB or TPS. Thus, low amounts (lower than 5 wt.%) of biodegradable polymers can be introduced in the recycled PP process without affecting the overall performance of the final material intended for several applications, such as food packaging, agricultural films for farming and crop protection.
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