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Spiropyran/Merocyanine Amphiphile in Various Solvents: A Joint Experimental–Theoretical Approach to Photophysical Properties and Self-Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911535. [PMID: 36232836 PMCID: PMC9569490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This joint experimental-theoretical work focuses on molecular and photophysical properties of the spiropyran-containing amphiphilic molecule in organic and aqueous solutions. Being dissolved in tested organic solvents, the system demonstrates positive photochromism, i.e., upon UV stimulus the colorless spiropyran form is transformed into colorful merocyanine isomer. However, the aqueous solution of the amphiphile possesses a negative photochromism: the orange-red merocyanine form becomes thermodynamically more stable in water, and both UV and vis stimuli lead to the partial or complete photobleaching of the solution. The explanation of this phenomenon is given on the basis of density functional theory calculations and classical modeling including thermodynamic integration. The simulations reveal that stabilization of merocyanine in water proceeds with the energy of ca. 70 kJ mol−1, and that the Helmholtz free energy of hydration of merocyanine form is 100 kJ mol−1 lower as compared to the behavior of SP isomer in water. The explanation of such a difference lies in the molecular properties of the merocyanine: after ring-opening reaction this molecule transforms into a zwitterionic form, as evidenced by the electrostatic potential plotted around the opened form. The presence of three charged groups on the periphery of a flat conjugated backbone stimulates the self-assembly of merocyanine molecules in water, ending up with the formation of elongated associates with stack-like building blocks, as shown in molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous solution with the concentration above critical micelle concentration. Our quantitative evaluation of the hydrophilicity switching in spiropyran/merocyanine containing surfactants may prompt the search for new systems, including colloidal and polymeric ones, aiming at remote tuning of their morphology, which could give new promising shapes and patterns for the needs of modern nanotechnology.
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Sun K, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Organic dye‐based photoinitiating systems for visible‐light‐induced photopolymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS ICR UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Zhang Z, Zhang BS, Li KL, An Y, Liu C, Gou XY, Liang YM. Palladium-Catalyzed Amination/Dearomatization Reaction of Indoles and Benzofurans. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7817-7839. [PMID: 32441518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a palladium-catalyzed dearomatization and amination tandem reaction of 2,3-disubstituted indoles and benzofurans via the Catellani strategy. This reaction provides a new method for the construction of amino-substituted indoline-fused cyclic and benzofuran spiro compounds in good yields. The reaction has broad functional group compatibility and substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kai-Li Li
- Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang An
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ce Liu
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Molecularly imprinted polymers bearing spiropyran-based photoresponsive binding sites capable of photo-triggered switching for molecular recognition activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee JH, Kim JC. Human growth hormone-loaded nanogels composed of cinnamoyl alginate, cinnamoyl Pluronic F127, and cinnamoyl poly(ethylene glycol). J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyup Lee
- College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University; 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong Chuncheon Kangwon-do 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- College of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University; 192-1, Hyoja 2 dong Chuncheon Kangwon-do 200-701 Republic of Korea
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Bao LH, Sun JX, Li Q. Synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane containing spiropyran groups. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Red-light-induced cationic photopolymerization: perylene derivatives as efficient photoinitiators. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1452-8. [PMID: 23922314 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nine different perylene derivatives are prepared and their ability to initiate, when combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N-vinylcarbazole), a ring-opening cationic photopolymerization of epoxides under very soft halogen lamp irradiation is investigated. One of them is particularly efficient under a red laser diode exposure at 635 nm and belongs now to the very few systems available at this wavelength. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady-state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, CNRS, UMR 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse Cedex, 68057, France
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Vilà N, Graff B, Mayer CR, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. A multicolor photoinitiator for cationic polymerization and interpenetrated polymer network synthesis: 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1104-9. [PMID: 23733612 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For polymer synthesis upon visible light, actual photoinitiator operates in a restricted part of the spectrum. As a consequence, several photoinitiators are necessary to harvest all of the emitted visible photons. Herein, 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene is used for the first time as a multicolor photoinitiator for the cationic polymerization of epoxides. Upon addition of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and optionally N-vinylcarbazole, the originality of this approach is to allow efficient monomer conversions under various excitation light sources in the 360-650 nm wavelength range: halogen lamps, and light-emitting and laser diodes. The synthesis of an interpenetrated polymer network from an epoxide/acrylate blend using a red light at 635 nm is also feasible. The formed polymer material exhibits a photochromic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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Xiao P, Dumur F, Tehfe MA, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Difunctional acridinediones as photoinitiators of polymerization under UV and visible lights: Structural effects. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Photopolymerization Reactions: On the Way to a Green and Sustainable Chemistry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Blue-to-Red Light Sensitive Push–Pull Structured Photoinitiators: Indanedione Derivatives for Radical and Cationic Photopolymerization Reactions. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4005082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M−UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M−UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M−UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Push–pull (thio)barbituric acid derivatives in dye photosensitized radical and cationic polymerization reactions under 457/473 nm laser beams or blue LEDs. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Knippenberg S, Schneider M, Mangal P, Dreuw A. The Molecular Mechanism of Photochromism in Photo-Enolizable Quinoline and Napthyridine Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3097692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Knippenberg
- Laboratory for Chemistry of
Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place
du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, and
| | - M. Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for
Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Mangal
- Interdisciplinary Center for
Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for
Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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