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Luo X, Zhai Y, Wang P, Tian B, Liu S, Li J, Yang C, Strehmel V, Li S, Matyjaszewski K, Yilmaz G, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Light-Mediated Polymerization Catalyzed by Carbon Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316431. [PMID: 38012084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots and carbon nitrides, play a crucial role as heterogeneous photoinitiators in both radical and cationic polymerization processes. These recently introduced materials offer promising solutions to the limitations of current homogeneous systems, presenting a novel approach to photopolymerization. This review highlights the preparation and photocatalytic performance of these nanomaterials, emphasizing their application in various polymerization techniques, including photoinduced i) free radical, ii) RAFT, iii) ATRP, and iv) cationic photopolymerization. Additionally, it discusses their potential in addressing contemporary challenges and explores prospects in this field. Moreover, carbon nitrides, in particular, exhibit exceptional oxygen tolerance, underscoring their significance in radical polymerization processes and allowing their applications such as 3D printing, surface modification of coatings, and hydrogel engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Northeast Forestry University, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingxiang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Veronika Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, China
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2
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Nguyen TTT, Breloy L, Rios De Anda A, Hayek H, Chiappone A, Malval JP, Grande D, Versace DL. Thioxanthone-Based Siloxane Photosensitizer for Cationic/Radical Photopolymerization and Photoinduced Sol-Gel Reactions. Molecules 2024; 29:255. [PMID: 38202842 PMCID: PMC10780806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, a multifunctional visible-light TX-based photosensitizer containing a siloxane moiety (TXS) was designed with a good overall yield of 54%. The addition of a siloxane moiety enabled the incorporation of a TX photosensitizer into a siloxane network by photoinduced sol-gel chemistry, thus avoiding its release. Both liquid 1H and solid-state 29Si NMR measurements undeniably confirmed the formation of photoacids resulting from the photolysis of the TXS/electron acceptor molecule (Iodonium salt), which promoted the photoinduced hydrolysis/condensation of the trimethoxysilane groups of TXS, with a high degree of condensation of its inorganic network. Notably, the laser flash photolysis, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping (EPR ST) experiments demonstrated that TXS could react with Iod through an electron transfer reaction through its excited states, leading to the formation of radical initiating species. Interestingly, the TXS/Iod was demonstrated to be an efficient photoinitiating system for free-radical (FRP) and cationic (CP) polymerization under LEDs@385, 405, and 455 nm. In particular, whatever the epoxy monomer mixtures used, remarkable final epoxy conversions were achieved up to 100% under air. In this latter case, we demonstrated that both the photoinduced sol-gel process (hydrolysis of trimethoxysilane groups) and the cationic photopolymerization occurred simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Thanh-Tam Nguyen
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
| | - Louise Breloy
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
| | - Agustin Rios De Anda
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
| | - Hassan Hayek
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, UMR CNRS 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Daniel Grande
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- University Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 94320 Thiais, France; (T.-T.-T.N.); (A.R.D.A.)
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Jessop JLP. A Practical Primer: Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Photopolymerization Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3835. [PMID: 37765689 PMCID: PMC10534849 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization systems provide compelling advantages for industrial applications due to their fast reaction kinetics, wide selection of monomers for physical property development, and energy-efficient initiation via illumination. These same advantages can present challenges when attempting to monitor these reactions or characterize their resulting polymers; however, Raman spectroscopy can provide the flexibility and resolution needed. In this overview, Raman spectroscopy is compared to common characterization techniques, such as photo-differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, highlighting advantages of Raman spectroscopy. Examples are provided of how Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor photopolymerizations and to provide insight on the impact of monomer chemistry and processing conditions, as well as paired with other techniques to elucidate physical properties. Finally, practical tips are provided for applying Raman spectroscopy and microscopy in photopolymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L P Jessop
- Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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4
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Elian C, Brezová V, Sautrot-Ba P, Breza M, Versace DL. Lawsone Derivatives as Efficient Photopolymerizable Initiators for Free-Radical, Cationic Photopolymerizations, and Thiol-Ene Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2015. [PMID: 34203069 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new photopolymerizable vinyl (2-(allyloxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQA) and epoxy (2-(oxiran-2yl methoxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQE) photoinitiators derived from lawsone were designed in this paper. These new photoinitiators can be used as one-component photoinitiating systems for the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate bio-based monomer without the addition of any co-initiators. As highlighted by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping results, the formation of carbon-centered radicals from an intermolecular H abstraction reaction was evidenced and can act as initiating species. Interestingly, the introduction of iodonium salt (Iod) used as a co-initiator has led to (1) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxy monomer with high final conversions and (2) an increase of the rates of free-radical polymerization of the acrylate bio-based monomer; we also demonstrated the concomitant thiol–ene reaction and cationic photopolymerizations of a limonene 1,2 epoxide/thiol blend mixture with the HNQA/Iod photoinitiating system.
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Noè C, Hakkarainen M, Sangermano M. Cationic UV-Curing of Epoxidized Biobased Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E89. [PMID: 33379390 PMCID: PMC7795534 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are among the most important building blocks for fabrication of thermosets for many different applications thanks to their superior thermo-mechanical properties and chemical resistance. The recent concerns on the environmental problems and the progressive depletion of petroleum feedstocks have drawn the research interest in finding biobased alternatives. Many curing techniques can be used to obtain the final crosslinked thermoset networks. The UV-curing technology can be considered the most environmentally friendly because of the absence of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and mild curing conditions. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of bio-based cationic UV-curable epoxy resins. Particular focus has been given to the sources of the bio-based epoxy monomers and the applications of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Noè
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
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6
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Topa M, Petko F, Galek M, Ortyl J. Double Role of Diphenylpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Monitoring Photopolymerization and the Determination of the Efficiencies of the Generation of Superacids by Cationic Photoinitiators. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E3043. [PMID: 32471215 DOI: 10.3390/s20113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel fluorescent sensors with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents incorporated into a chromophore group based on 2,6-diphenylpyridine were designed and synthesised. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds were studied. Moreover, the positive solvatochromism of 2,6-bis-(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) in selected solvents was studied by measurement of the absorption and emission spectra and analysed using the Dimroth-Reichardt solvent parameter set. After that, the performance of a series of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring free-radical and cationic photopolymerization processes by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) was studied. As a consequence of this stage of research, the effect of substituents on the sensitivity of the 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as sensors during photopolymerization has been evaluated and discussed. It has been found that compounds containing strong electron-donating substituent (PT-SCH3) slightly shift their fluorescence spectrum during the free-radical polymerization of monomer, which enables the monitoring of the polymerization progress using the fluorescence intensity ratio measured at two different wavelengths as the progress indicator. The position of the fluorescence spectrum of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents is practically insensitive to changes occurring in their environment. Hence, it is recommended to use these compounds with different indicators of the progress of the photopolymerization process based on normalised intensity of fluorescence (Imax/I0). Among the compounds studied, 2,6-bis(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) turned out to be the best fluorescent sensor for the purpose of monitoring free-radical polymerization by FPT. Consequently, the dual application of the selected 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives is proposed: (a) as fluorescent sensors for monitoring the free-radical photopolymerization progress, and (b) as spectroscopic sensors for the determination of efficiencies of the generation of superacids by cationic photoinitiators during the cationic photopolymerization process. Finally, a new method for determining the relative efficiency of the photogeneration of superacids during the photo cleavage of onium salt has been devised and applied for the evaluation of the performance of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives.
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Abstract
Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Tomal
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Krakow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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8
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Han W, You J, Li H, Zhao D, Nie J, Wang T. Curcuminoid-Based Difluoroboron Dyes as High-Performance Photosensitizers in Long-Wavelength (Yellow and Red) Cationic Photopolymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900291. [PMID: 31429995 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Difluoroboron β-diketonate dyes are reported to exhibit excellent photophysical properties (e.g., broad absorption and large extinction coefficients) and have the potential to act as high-performance photosensitizers in cationic photopolymerization (CP). In this study, four curcuminoid-based difluoroboron dyes (BF2 Curs) are prepared. Their ability to initiate the CP of epoxides or vinyl ethers in combination with an iodonium salt under yellow and red LEDs is investigated. Some of the BF2 Curs-based photoinitiating systems exhibit much higher efficiencies than the reported anthraquinone derivative Oil Blue N (OBN). The molecular structure of BF2 Curs is found to play a critical role in the photoinitiating efficiencies of cationic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Han
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang J, Lalevée J, Hill NS, Peng X, Zhu D, Kiehl J, Morlet-Savary F, Stenzel MH, Coote ML, Xiao P. Photoinitiation Mechanism and Ability of Monoamino-Substituted Anthraquinone Derivatives as Cationic Photoinitiators of Polymerization under LEDs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900234. [PMID: 31210405 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of photoinitiating systems applicable to UV or even visible light delivered from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been attracting increasing attention due to their great potential applications in various fields. Compared to the strategy of synthesizing novel compounds, the exploration of existing chemicals with interesting photochemical/photophysical properties for their usage as photoinitiators is more appealing and easily commercialized. Nevertheless, a number of compounds such as monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, which are intensively investigated for their photophysical and photochemical properties, have seldom been studied for their roles as photoinitiators under LED irradiation. Herein, three monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, that is, 1-aminoanthraquinone, 1-(methylamino)anthraquinone and 1-(benzamido)anthraquinone, are studied for their potential as photoinitiators. The photoinitiation mechanism of these monoamino-substituted anthraquinone derivatives, when combined with iodonium salt, is first clarified using computational quantum chemistry, fluorescence, steady-state photolysis, and electron spin resonance spin-trapping techniques. Then, their photoinitiation ability for the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide and divinyl ether monomers is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiaotong Peng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Di Zhu
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jonathan Kiehl
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.,Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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10
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Sangermano M, Roppolo I, Chiappone A. New Horizons in Cationic Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E136. [PMID: 30966172 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we report some recent advances and new horizons in UV-induced cationic photopolymerization. In particular, after a brief introduction on the discovery and affirmation of the cationic photopolymerization process, new efforts in the synthesis of cationic photoinitiators are reported. Subsequently, an interesting and absolutely new application is reported, related to the combination of Radical-Induced Cationic Photopolymerization with Frontal Polymerization, achieving the cross-linking of epoxy composites.
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11
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Tomane S, Sautrot-Ba P, Mazeran PE, Lalevée J, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Abbad-Andaloussi S, Langlois V, Versace DL. Photoinitiating Systems Based on Anthraquinone Derivatives: Synthesis of Antifouling and Biocide Coatings. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1298-1307. [PMID: 31957991 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoinitiating systems combining 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (AQD), iodonium salt (Iod), and benzyl alcohol derivatives have been developed to efficiently initiate the cationic polymerization of epoxy monomers upon light exposure. Electron spin resonance spin-trapping (ESR ST) experiments, fluorescence investigations, and steady-state photolysis have demonstrated that a dye-sensitized reaction occurs between AQD and the benzyl alcohol derivatives through a hydrogen abstraction mechanism upon light illumination, followed by reduction of Iod. The in situ liberation of protic acids promotes the cationic photopolymerization of epoxy monomers concomitantly with hydrolysis and condensation of the reactive methoxysilanes of an organic-inorganic precursor, for example, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Nanoindentation experiments and scratch resistance tests proved that the resulting GPTMS coatings exhibit very good resistance to brittle fracture and excellent adherence to stainless-steel substrates. Interestingly, antibacterial tests of the GPTMS coatings showed efficient antifouling and biocide properties against E. coli and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somia Tomane
- Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) UMR-CNRS 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Pauline Sautrot-Ba
- Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) UMR-CNRS 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran
- Laboratoire Roberval, CNRS, UMR 7337, Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, Centre de recherche Royallieu-CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M-LRC 7228, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Langlois
- Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) UMR-CNRS 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
| | - Davy-Louis Versace
- Université Paris-Est Creteil (UPEC), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE) UMR-CNRS 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320, Thiais, France
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12
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Vitale A, Sangermano M, Bongiovanni R, Burtscher P, Moszner N. Visible Light Curable Restorative Composites for Dental Applications Based on Epoxy Monomer. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:554-562. [PMID: 28788474 PMCID: PMC5453123 DOI: 10.3390/ma7010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic photo-curable cycloaliphatic epoxy resin has been investigated as reactive monomer in blue light crosslinking process. We have demonstrated that camphorquinone is able to abstract labile hydrogen from the epoxy monomer, giving rise to the formation of carbon-centered radicals that are oxidized by the onium salt; a complete epoxy group conversion was reached after 50 s of irradiation. The presence of water up to 1 wt% was tolerated without any important detrimental effect on the kinetics of light-curing. The presence of the inorganic filler up to 65 wt% did not significantly influence the curing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vitale
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bongiovanni
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy.
| | - Peter Burtscher
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Macromolecular Chemistry & Synthesis, Bendererstrasse 2, Schaan FL-9494, Liechtenstein.
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Macromolecular Chemistry & Synthesis, Bendererstrasse 2, Schaan FL-9494, Liechtenstein.
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Vilà N, Graff B, Mayer CR, Fouassier JP, Gigmes D, Lalevée J. A multicolor photoinitiator for cationic polymerization and interpenetrated polymer network synthesis: 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1104-9. [PMID: 23733612 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For polymer synthesis upon visible light, actual photoinitiator operates in a restricted part of the spectrum. As a consequence, several photoinitiators are necessary to harvest all of the emitted visible photons. Herein, 2,7-di-tert-butyldimethyldihydropyrene is used for the first time as a multicolor photoinitiator for the cationic polymerization of epoxides. Upon addition of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and optionally N-vinylcarbazole, the originality of this approach is to allow efficient monomer conversions under various excitation light sources in the 360-650 nm wavelength range: halogen lamps, and light-emitting and laser diodes. The synthesis of an interpenetrated polymer network from an epoxide/acrylate blend using a red light at 635 nm is also feasible. The formed polymer material exhibits a photochromic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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Telitel S, Dumur F, Faury T, Graff B, Tehfe MA, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. New core-pyrene π structure organophotocatalysts usable as highly efficient photoinitiators. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:877-90. [PMID: 23766803 PMCID: PMC3678508 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven di- and trifunctional compounds based on a core-pyrene π structure (Co_Py) were synthesized and investigated for the formation of free radicals. The application of two- and three-component photoinitiating systems (different Co_Pys with the addition of iodonium or sulfonium salts, alkyl halide or amine) was investigated in detail for cationic and radical photopolymerization reactions under near-UV-vis light. The proposed compounds can behave as new photocatalysts. Successful results in terms of rates of polymerization and final conversions were obtained. The strong MO coupling between the six different cores and the pyrene moiety was studied by DFT calculations. The different chemical intermediates are characterized by ESR and laser flash photolysis experiments. The mechanisms involved in the initiation step are discussed, and relationships between the core structure, the Co_Py absorption property, and the polymerization ability are tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Telitel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR 7361 – UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Faury
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR 7361 – UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad-Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR 7361 – UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M – UMR 7361 – UHA; 15, rue Jean Starcky, F-68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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