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Korycki A, Carassus F, Tramis O, Garnier C, Djilali T, Chabert F. Polyaryletherketone Based Blends: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3943. [PMID: 37835993 PMCID: PMC10575340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to report the status of the research on polyaryletherketone-based thermoplastic blends (PAEK). PAEK are high-performance copolymers able to replace metals in many applications including those related to the environmental and energy transition. PAEK lead to the extension of high-performance multifunctional materials to target embedded electronics, robotics, aerospace, medical devices and prostheses. Blending PAEK with other thermostable thermoplastic polymers is a viable option to obtain materials with new affordable properties. First, this study investigates the miscibility of each couple. Due to different types of interactions, PAEK-based thermoplastic blends go from fully miscible (with some polyetherimides) to immiscible (with polytetrafluoroethylene). Depending on the ether-to-ketone ratio of PAEK as well as the nature of the second component, a large range of crystalline structures and blend morphologies are reported. The PAEK-based thermoplastic blends are elaborated by melt-mixing or solution blending. Then, the effect of the composition and blending preparation on the mechanical properties are investigated. PAEK-based thermoplastic blends give rise to the possibility of tuning their properties to design novel materials. However, we demonstrate hereby that significant research effort is needed to overcome the lack of knowledge on the structure/morphology/property relationships for those types of high-performance thermoplastic blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Korycki
- LGP-ENIT-INPT, Université de Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, 65016 Tarbes, France; (A.K.); (F.C.); (O.T.); (C.G.)
- LAUAK Service Innovation, 8 Rue Louis Caddau, 65000 Tarbes, France;
| | - Fabrice Carassus
- LGP-ENIT-INPT, Université de Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, 65016 Tarbes, France; (A.K.); (F.C.); (O.T.); (C.G.)
- LAUAK Service Innovation, 8 Rue Louis Caddau, 65000 Tarbes, France;
| | - Olivier Tramis
- LGP-ENIT-INPT, Université de Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, 65016 Tarbes, France; (A.K.); (F.C.); (O.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Garnier
- LGP-ENIT-INPT, Université de Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, 65016 Tarbes, France; (A.K.); (F.C.); (O.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Toufik Djilali
- LAUAK Service Innovation, 8 Rue Louis Caddau, 65000 Tarbes, France;
| | - France Chabert
- LGP-ENIT-INPT, Université de Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, 65016 Tarbes, France; (A.K.); (F.C.); (O.T.); (C.G.)
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Minu S, Ramani R, Shekar RI, Kotresh TM, Padaki NV. Influence of dodecyl surfactants on the cross-linking, plasticization and damping behavior of epoxy novolac resins. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7380-7393. [PMID: 36125086 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of modified epoxy novolac resins (ENRs) were prepared by incorporating dodecyl chain surfactants with polar groups such as amine, carboxylic acid, phenol, resorcinol and benzene sulfonic acid. Except for the case of benzene sulfonic acid, no macrophase separation is seen in any of the modified ENRs. The addition of these dodecyl surfactants to ENR hinders the cross-linking reaction as revealed from their dynamic and isothermal DSC curing measurements and reduced glass transition temperatures (Tg). The cross-link density evaluated from the storage modulus (E') in the rubbery region using DMTA measurements is found to be low with the addition of surfactants in agreement with their plasticization behavior. The stiffness of the materials obtained at low temperatures showed a moderate increase for ENRs with carboxylic acid and phenol surfactants. Upon heating, their storage modulus drops at low temperatures compared to ENR supporting the mechanism of plasticization in them. This high value of E' for the plasticized material in the glassy phase is different from the generally known behavior. Such unusually high storage modulus together with increased 'd' spacing from the XRD results seems to indicate 'partial segmental confinement' of epoxy chains. It is believed that high damping obtained in these two materials is due to 'partial segmental confinement' of epoxy chains because of interaction with lauric acid and phenolic surfactants and the associated internal and interfacial friction in them. Dielectric relaxation measurements support the plasticization process based on the high dielectric loss and ionic conductivity in the surfactant modified ENR, as compared to the pristine ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiadasan Minu
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory (DEBEL), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), ADE Campus, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560 093, India.
| | - Ramasubbu Ramani
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory (DEBEL), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), ADE Campus, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560 093, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Indu Shekar
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory (DEBEL), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), ADE Campus, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560 093, India.
| | - Teggina Math Kotresh
- Defence Bio-Engineering and Electromedical Laboratory (DEBEL), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), ADE Campus, C. V. Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560 093, India.
| | - Naveen Vijay Padaki
- Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI), Central Silk Board (CSB), BTM Layout, Bangalore-560 068, India
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Doumeng M, Berthet F, Delbé K, Marsan O, Denape J, Chabert F. Effect of size, concentration, and nature of fillers on crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyetheretherketone composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Doumeng
- Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), INP‐ENIT University of Toulouse Tarbes France
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), CNRS, IMT Mines Albi, INSA, ISAE‐SUPAERO, UPS University of Toulouse Albi France
| | - Florentin Berthet
- Institut Clément Ader (ICA), CNRS, IMT Mines Albi, INSA, ISAE‐SUPAERO, UPS University of Toulouse Albi France
| | - Karl Delbé
- Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), INP‐ENIT University of Toulouse Tarbes France
| | - Olivier Marsan
- CIRIMAT, INP‐ENSIACET University of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Jean Denape
- Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), INP‐ENIT University of Toulouse Tarbes France
| | - France Chabert
- Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), INP‐ENIT University of Toulouse Tarbes France
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Khan MI, Iqbal A, Siddiqi HM, Janjua NK, Butt TM. Thermally stable, solution processable and redox active new poly(amide-imide)s: synthesis and characterization. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ahamad A, Kumar P. Evaluation of mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of PEEK/PEI matrix reinforced with halloysite nanotubes. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1918161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ahamad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, India
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da Silva Burgal J, Peeva L, Livingston A. Negligible ageing in poly(ether-ether-ketone) membranes widens application range for solvent processing. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramani R, Alam S. Free volume and damping in a miscible high performance polymer blend: Positron annihilation lifetime and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasubbu Ramani
- Polymer Science Division; Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment; G.T. Road Kanpur -208 013 India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Polymer Science Division; Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment; G.T. Road Kanpur -208 013 India
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Ramani R, Alam S. Free volume study on the miscibility of PEEK/PEI blend using positron annihilation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/618/1/012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mehdipour-Ataei S, Babanzadeh S, Abouzari-Lotf E. Nicotinic-based poly(amide-ether-imide)s: a new category of soluble, heat-resistant, and flame-retardant polyimides. Des Monomers Polym 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1041076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei
- Science Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samal Babanzadeh
- Science Faculty, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box: 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf
- Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Energy Research Alliance, International Campus, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ramani R, Alam S. The effect of an organophosphonite antioxidant on poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(ether imide) blend as studied by quasi-isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis methods. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313514102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of P-EPQ, an organophosphonite antioxidant, on the glass transition and the viscoelastic behavior of optimized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)/poly(ether imide) (PEI; PEEK/PEI: 50/50) blend has been reported. For this, P-EPQ was added in various proportions to the PEEK/PEI blend and was studied by quasi-isothermal modulated differential scanning calorimetry (Qi-MDSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) methods. The Qi-MDSC results clearly indicate a significant decrease in the glass transition temperature of the blend up to 1 wt% P-EPQ addition. The DMTA measurements revealed a decrease in tan δ peak temperature upon antioxidant addition in agreement with calorimetric results. The shift factors obtained using the time–temperature superposition of DMTA data exhibit Williams–Landel–Ferry behavior, and the fractional free volume of the blend increases with increase in antioxidant addition (up to 1 wt%). The “master curve” of storage modulus predicts high modulus for the blend with 1 wt% antioxidant, revealing its suitability for high-impact applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ramani
- Polymer Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S. Alam
- Polymer Science Division, Defence Materials and Stores Research and Development Establishment (DMSRDE), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh VP, Ramani R, Pal V, Prakash A, Alam S. Microstructure and properties of novel fluorescent pyrene functionalized PANI/P(VDF-HFP) blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veer Pal Singh
- Polymer Science Division; D.M.S.R.D.E., G.T. Road Kanpur 208 013 India
| | - Ramasubbu Ramani
- Polymer Science Division; D.M.S.R.D.E., G.T. Road Kanpur 208 013 India
| | - Vijay Pal
- Polymer Science Division; D.M.S.R.D.E., G.T. Road Kanpur 208 013 India
| | - Asit Prakash
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur 208 016 India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Polymer Science Division; D.M.S.R.D.E., G.T. Road Kanpur 208 013 India
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