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Idowu A, Thomas T, Bustillos J, Boesl B, Agarwal A. Electrically and Thermally Triggered Three-Dimensional Graphene-Foam-Reinforced Shape Memory Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2903. [PMID: 37447547 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) epoxy composites have attracted significant attention due to their easy processing, lightweight nature, and ability to recover strain. However, their limited recovery rate and inferior mechanical properties have hindered their functional applications. This research explores the potential of three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam (GrF) as a highly efficient reinforcement for SMP epoxy composites. We demonstrated that the incorporation of a mere 0.13 wt.% GrF into mold-cast SMP epoxy leads to a 19% increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg). To elucidate the reinforcing mechanism, we fabricated and extensively analyzed composites with varying weight percentages of GrF. The GrF-based SMP epoxy composite exhibits a 57% increase in thermal conductivity, measuring 0.296 W mK-1 at 70 °C, due to the interconnected 3D graphene network within the matrix. Notably, this composite also demonstrates remarkable electrical conductivity, making it suitable for dual-triggering applications. The GrF-SMP epoxy composite achieves a maximum shape recovery ratio and a significant 23% improvement in the recovery rate, effectively addressing the issue of slow recovery associated with SMPs. We investigated the effect of switching temperatures on the shape recovery rate. We identified the optimal triggering temperature to initiate shape recovery for epoxy SMP and GrF-epoxy SMP as thermal energy equivalent to Tg + 20 °C. Additionally, we fabricated a bird-shaped composite using GrF reinforcement, which showcases self-healing capabilities through the crack opening and closure and serves as a tangible demonstration of the transformative potential of the composite. These GrF-epoxy SMP composites, responsive to stimuli, hold immense promise for diverse applications, such as mechanical systems, wearable sensors, morphing wings, foldable robots, and antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyinka Idowu
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Tony Thomas
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Jenniffer Bustillos
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Benjamin Boesl
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Li Y, Shen J, Zhang S, Wang W, Chen Y, Li L. Biodegradable cationic waterborne polyurethanes from poly(caprolactone)diol and trimethylol propane monooleate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Jun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Material Science & Technology Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education Harbin China
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Li Q, Ma S, Wei J, Wang S, Xu X, Huang K, Wang B, Yuan W, Zhu J. Preparation of Non-Planar-Ring Epoxy Thermosets Combining Ultra-Strong Shape Memory Effects and High Performance. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xiao M, Zhang N, Zhuang J, Sun Y, Ren F, Zhang W, Hou Z. Degradable Poly(ether-ester-urethane)s Based on Well-Defined Aliphatic Diurethane Diisocyanate with Excellent Shape Recovery Properties at Body Temperature for Biomedical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1002. [PMID: 31195671 PMCID: PMC6631253 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to offer a new class of degradable shape-memory poly(ether-ester-urethane)s (SMPEEUs) based on poly(ether-ester) (PECL) and well-defined aliphatic diurethane diisocyanate (HBH) for further biomedical application. The prepolymers of PECLs were synthesized through bulk ring-opening polymerization using ε-caprolactone as the monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) as the initiator. By chain extension of PECL with HBH, SMPEEUs with varying PEG content were prepared. The chemical structures of the prepolymers and products were characterized by GPC, 1H NMR, and FT-IR, and the effect of PEG content on the physicochemical properties (especially the shape recovery properties) of SMPEEUs was studied. The microsphase-separated structures of the SMPEEUs were demonstrated by DSC and XRD. The SMPEEU films exhibited good tensile properties with the strain at a break of 483%-956% and an ultimate stress of 23.1-9.0 MPa. Hydrolytic degradation in vitro studies indicated that the time of the SMPEEU films becoming fragments was 4-12 weeks and the introduction of PEG facilitates the degradation rate of the films. The shape memory properties studies found that SMPEEU films with a PEG content of 23.4 wt % displayed excellent recovery properties with a recovery ratio of 99.8% and a recovery time of 3.9 s at body temperature. In addition, the relative growth rates of the SMPEEU films were greater than 75% after incubation for 72 h, indicating good cytocompatibility in vitro. The SMPEEUs, which possess not only satisfactory tensile properties, degradability, nontoxic degradation products, and cytocompatibility, but also excellent shape recovery properties at body temperature, promised to be an excellent candidate for medical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymer, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Yuchen Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Fang Ren
- Success Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Success Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Hou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Thermal, mechanical properties and shape memory performance of a novel phthalide-containing epoxy resins. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karger-Kocsis J, Kéki S. Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E34. [PMID: 30966068 PMCID: PMC6415015 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of memorizing one or more temporary shapes and recovering successively to the permanent shape upon various external stimuli. Beside of the above mentioned one-way variants, also two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory (SM) systems exist which feature a reversible shape change on the basis of "on-off switching" of the external stimulus. The preparation, properties and modelling of shape memory epoxy resins (SMEP), SMEP foams and composites have been surveyed in this exhaustive review article. The underlying mechanisms and characteristics of SM were introduced. Emphasis was put to show new strategies on how to tailor the network architecture and morphology of EPs to improve their SM performance. To produce SMEPs novel preparation techniques, such as electrospinning, ink printing, solid-state foaming, were tried. The potential of SMEPs and related systems as multifunctional materials has been underlined. Added functionality may include, among others, self-healing, sensing, actuation, porosity control, recycling. Recent developments in the modelling of SMEPs were also highlighted. Based on the recent developments some open topics were deduced which are merit of investigations in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA⁻BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Jing XH, Liu YX, Liao R, Kang HJ, Tan HF, Liu YY. Synthesis, characterization, and shape-memory performances of monoamine-toughened epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315616467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resins were toughened by octylamine, dodecylamine, and hexadecylamine, respectively. The curing temperature and the curing kinetics were studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to optimize the cure conditions. The mass ratios of the monoamine to the total mass of triethylenetetramine and monoamine were varied to obtain polymers with different compositions. The cured polymers were analyzed by DSC, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical analyses. Shape-memory performance was evaluated by fold-deploy tests. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) decreased with increasing carbon numbers of monoamine, and the decrease in Tg scaled with the content of monoamines added in the system. The elongation increased with an increase in monoamine content and alkyl chain length. The better toughness of the monoamine-rich system was further confirmed by the results of SEM. The strain fixity ratio increased with a decrease in monoamine content. The strain recovery ratios of all systems were greater than 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hai Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui-Feng Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Dhulst EA, Heath WH, Torkelson JM. Hybrid thiol-acrylate-epoxy polymer networks: Comparison of one-pot synthesis with sequential reactions and shape memory properties. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhao L, Li W, Zhang H, Yu X, Zhang Z. High Performance Shape Memory Epoxy/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:311-320. [PMID: 26641129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of shape memory nanocomposites based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) E51/methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with various stoichiometric ratios (rs) of DGEBA/MHHPA from 0.5 to 1.2 and filler contents of 0.25 and 0.75 wt % are fabricated. Their morphology, curing kinetics, phase transition, mechanical properties, thermal conduction, and shape memory behaviors are systematically investigated. The prepared materials show a wide range of glass transition temperatures (Tg) of ca. 65-140 °C, high flexural modulus (E) at room temperature up to ca. 3.0 GPa, high maximum stress (σm) up to ca. 30 MPa, high strain at break (εb) above 10%, and a fast recovery of 32 s. The results indicate that a small amount of MWCNT fillers (0.75 wt %) can significantly increase all three key mechanical properties (E, σm, and εb) at temperatures close to Tg, the recovery rate, and the repetition stability of the shape memory cycles. All of these remarkable advantages make the materials good candidates for the applications in aerospace and other important fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Liu
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Guo H, Li Y, Zheng J, Gan J, Liang L, Wu K, Lu M. Reinforcement in the mechanical properties of shape memory liquid crystalline epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Yinwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqun Gan
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang K, Zhu G, Wang Y, Ren F. Thermal and shape memory properties of cyanate/polybutadiene epoxy/polysebacic polyanhydride copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering; Xidian University; Xi'an 710071 China
| | - Fang Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
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13
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Jing X, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Tan H. Toughening-modified epoxy-amine system: Cure kinetics, mechanical behavior, and shape memory performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Huifeng Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 China
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Sun H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tan H. Curing behavior of epoxy resins in two-stage curing process by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry kinetics method. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 15000 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 15000 China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Youshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Huifeng Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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Sun H, Liu Y, Tan H, Du X. A new method to improve the stability, tensile strength, and heat resistant properties of shape-memory epoxy resins: Two-stages curing. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Huifeng Tan
- School of Astronautics; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xingwen Du
- School of Astronautics; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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