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Vanskeviče I, Kinka M, Banys J, Macutkevič J, Schaefer S, Selskis A, Fierro V, Celzard A. Dielectric and Ultrasonic Properties of PDMS/TiO 2 Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:603. [PMID: 38475287 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents the dielectric and ultrasonic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites filled with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The dielectric study was performed over a very broad range of frequencies (20 Hz-3 THz). The dielectric permittivity was almost frequency-independent in all the composites at room temperature over the whole range of measurement frequencies, and the dielectric losses were very low under these conditions (less than 2). The dielectric permittivity strongly increases with the nanoparticle concentration according to the Maxwell-Garnet model. Therefore, the investigated composites are suitable for various flexible electronic applications, particularly in the microwave and terahertz frequency ranges. Dielectric dispersion and increased attenuation of ultrasonic waves were observed at lower temperatures (below 280 K) due to the relaxation of polymer molecules at the PDMS/TiO2 interface and in the polymer matrix. The relaxation time followed the Vogel-Vulcher law, while the freezing temperature increased with the titanium dioxide concentration due to interactions between the polymer molecules and nanoparticles. The significant hysteresis in the ultrasonic properties indicated that titanium dioxide acts as a crystallization center. This is confirmed by the correlation between the hysteresis in the ultrasonic properties and the structure of the composites. The small difference in the activation energy values obtained from the ultrasonic and dielectric investigations is related to the fact that the dielectric dispersion is slightly broader than the Debye-type dielectric dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vanskeviče
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martynas Kinka
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūras Banys
- Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 9/3, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jan Macutkevič
- Center for Physical Science and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sebastien Schaefer
- Institut Jean Lamour-IJL, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 88000 Épinal, France
| | - Algirdas Selskis
- Center for Physical Science and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vanessa Fierro
- Institut Jean Lamour-IJL, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 88000 Épinal, France
| | - Alain Celzard
- Institut Jean Lamour-IJL, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 88000 Épinal, France
- Institut Universitaire de France-IUF, 75231 Paris, France
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Nayak S, Sahoo B, Rout TK, Bhagat AN. Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of PDMS-La 2Ba 2XZn 2Ti 3O 14 (X = Mg/Ca/Sr) Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37090-37097. [PMID: 37841148 PMCID: PMC10569002 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible polydimethylsiloxane-La2Ba2XZn2Ti3O14 (X = Mg/Ca/Sr) [PDMS-LBT] nanocomposites with high permittivity (dielectric constant, k) are prepared through a room-temperature mixing process. The LBT nanoparticles used in this study are prepared through a high-temperature solid-state reaction. It is observed that LBT (X = Mg/Ca) nanoparticles are spherical in nature, with particle size ∼20 nm, as observed from the HRTEM images, whereas LBT (X = Sr) nanoparticles are cubical in nature with particle size ≥100 nm. These LBT (X = Mg/Ca/Sr) nanoparticles are crystalline in nature, as apparent from the XRD analysis and SAED patterns. The permittivity of LBT nanoparticles is higher when "Ca" is present in place of "X". These three oxides show a temperature-dependent dielectric behavior, where LBT nanoparticles with "Sr" show a sharp change in permittivity at a temperature of ∼105 °C. These kinds of oxide materials, especially LBT (X = Sr) nanoparticles/oxides, can be used in dielectric/resistive switching devices. The effect of LBT nanoparticle concentration on the dielectric and mechanical properties of PDMS-LBT nanocomposites is widely studied and found that there is a significant increase in dielectric constant with an increase in the concentration of LBT nanoparticles. There is a decrease in the volume resistivity with the increase in the LBT nanoparticle concentration. All the PDMS-LBT nanocomposites have low dielectric loss (ε″) compared to the dielectric constant value. It is found that both permittivity (ε') and AC conductivity (σac) of PDMS-LBT composites are increased with the temperature at a frequency of 1 Hz. The % elongation at break (% EB) and tensile strength (TS) decrease with the LBT nanoparticle concentration in the matrix PDMS, which is due to the non-reinforcing behavior of LBT nanoparticles. The distribution and dispersion of LBT nanoparticles in the matrix PDMS are observed through HRTEM and AFM/SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanta Nayak
- Rubber
Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 9 Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- R&D,
Surface Engineering Research Group, Tata
Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Banalata Sahoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751022, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Rout
- R&D,
Surface Engineering Research Group, Tata
Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Amar Nath Bhagat
- R&D,
Surface Engineering Research Group, Tata
Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831001, India
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Rahaman M, Gupta P, Hossain M, Periyasami G, Das P. Effect of carbons' structure and type on AC electrical properties of polymer composites: predicting the percolation threshold of permittivity through different models. Colloid Polym Sci 2023; 301:1-19. [PMID: 37360022 PMCID: PMC10203672 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The AC electrical properties of EVA- and NBR-based composites filled with different conductive fillers were investigated. Result shows several magnitudes of increment in AC electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity after the addition of these conductive fillers, indicating that these materials can be used as supercapacitors. The magnitude of increment was varied according to polymer and filler types. Herein, we also have tested the applicability of different sigmoidal models to find out the percolation threshold value of permittivity for these binary polymer composite systems. It is observed that except sigmoidal-Boltzmann and sigmoidal-dose-response models, other sigmoidal models exhibit different values of percolation threshold when considered for any particular polymer composite system. The paper discusses the variation in results of percolation threshold with an emphasis on the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of these models. We also have applied the classical percolation theory to predict the percolation threshold of permittivity and compared with all the reported sigmoidal models. To judge the unanimous acceptability of these models, they tested vis-à-vis the permittivity results of various polymer composites reported in published literature. To comprehend, all the models except the sigmoidal-logistic-1 model were successfully applicable for predicting the percolation threshold of permittivity for polymer composites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00396-023-05120-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Gupta
- MIT-Centre for Advanced Materials Research and Technology (M-CAMRT), Department of Plastic and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, 431010 Maharashtra India
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- College of Engineering, Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Paramita Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066 Madhya Pradesh India
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High Performance of Titanium Dioxide Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235267. [PMID: 36501661 PMCID: PMC9739959 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) have emerged as one of the most promising materials for use in soft robots. However, DEA needs a high operating voltage and high mechanical properties. By increasing the dielectric constant of elastomeric materials, it is possible to decrease the operating voltage required. Thus, elastomeric composites with a high dielectric constant and strong mechanical properties are of interest. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) content ranging from 0 to 110 phr on the cure characteristics, and physical, dielectric, dynamic mechanical, and morphological properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites. The addition of TiO2 reduced the scorch time (ts1) as well as the optimum cure time (tc90) but increased the cure rate index (CRI), minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), and delta torque (MH - ML). The optimal TiO2 content for maximum tensile strength and elongation at break was 90 phr. Tensile strength and elongation at break were increased by 144.8% and 40.1%, respectively, over pure NBR. A significant mechanical property improvement was observed for TiO2-filled composites due to the good dispersion of TiO2 in the NBR matrix, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, incorporating TiO2 filler gave a higher storage modulus, a shift in glass transition temperature (Tg) to a higher temperature, and reduced damping in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The addition of TiO2 to NBR rubber increased the dielectric constant of the resultant composites in the tested frequency range from 102 to 105 Hz. As a result, TiO2-filled NBR composite has a high potential for dielectric elastomer actuator applications.
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The mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene reinforced with BiSr2CaCu2O6.5 ceramic. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anoop V, Subramani S, Jaisankar SN, Sohini C, Mary NL. Mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties of polydimethylsiloxane/polysilsesquioxane nanocomposite for sealant application. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Anoop
- Department of Chemistry; Stella Maris College; Chennai, 600086 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Subramani
- Anabond Limited; Chennai, 600096 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science and Technology Division; Central Leather Research Institute; Chennai, 600020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - C. Sohini
- Department of Chemistry; Stella Maris College; Chennai, 600086 Tamil Nadu India
| | - N. L. Mary
- Department of Chemistry; Stella Maris College; Chennai, 600086 Tamil Nadu India
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Nayak S, Khastgir D. Polydimethylsiloxane-PbZr0.52
Ti0.48
O3
nanocomposites with high permittivity: Effect of poling and temperature on dielectric properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanta Nayak
- Rubber Technology Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; West Bengal 721302 India
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; National University of Singapore; Kent Ridge, Singapore 117582 Singapore
| | - Dipak Khastgir
- Rubber Technology Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; West Bengal 721302 India
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Sohail OB, Bin-Dahman OA, Rahaman M, Al-Harthi MA. Effect of aluminum nitride concentration on different physical properties of low density polyethylene based nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic nanocomposites have been prepared through melt blending technique. Increased loading of AIN leads to reduction in tensile properties but improvement in rheological property (storage modulus). The rheological behavior tends to become unique at higher frequencies (≥10 rad/s). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that the total crystallinity has decreased with the increase in AlN loading in the composites. It is seen that there is an improvement in electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and flammability properties with the addition of AlN in the nanocomposites. The experimental data of tensile modulus, electrical conductivity, and dielectric constant have been fitted with some available theoretical models to check the models’ applicability for the present composite systems. Results show that only Nicolais-Nicodemo model, McCullough model, and Rahaman-Khastgir model are applicable for predicting the tensile modulus, electrical conductivity, and dielectric constant of the composites, respectively.
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Gorelov BM, Gorb AM, Polovina OI, Wacke S, Czapla Z, Kostrzewa M, Ingram A. Filler's impact on structure and physical properties in polyester resin–oxide nanocomposites. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0263617417706797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of nanosized oxide particles of titania (titanium dioxide, rutile) and silica–titania fumed compound on structure relaxation processes in nanocomposites of an orthophtalic unsaturated styrene cross-linked polyester resin has been experimentally studied using the thermal desorption mass spectroscopy, the dielectric spectroscopy, and the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. All the nanocomposites showed unmonotonous variations in the thermal resistance, the dielectric permittivity and losses, and the annihilation rates for both positrons and ortho-positronium atoms with increasing filler’s loading. The nanoparticle-loading effects can be explained on the assumption that the oxide particles embedded into a cross-linked polyester resin induce rearrangements in its structure. Several mechanisms of particle–polymer interface interaction compete simultaneously and thus promote the alterations in molecular structure of the nanocomposites. The mechanisms may include both chemical and electrostatic fastening of polyester chains and styrene cross-links to the active surface sites, the destruction of the styrene cross-links, and redistribution of electron density in polymers. The features of the loading effects observed in the different nanocomposites can be ascribed to distinctions in both of active surface sites and intrinsic dielectric properties of the filling oxide particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borys M Gorelov
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla M Gorb
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksiy I Polovina
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sylwester Wacke
- Department of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Czapla
- Department of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Marek Kostrzewa
- Department of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Adam Ingram
- Department of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
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Guo C, Fuji M. Effect of silicone coupling agent on dielectric properties of barium titanate/silicone elastomer composites. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Dielectric relaxation and viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane–titania composites: dielectric mixing models to explain experimental results. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Nayak S, Chaki TK, Khastgir D. Development of Flexible Piezoelectric Poly(dimethylsiloxane)–BaTiO3 Nanocomposites for Electrical Energy Harvesting. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanta Nayak
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Chaki
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Dipak Khastgir
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Nayak S, Sahoo B, Kumar Chaki T, Khastgir D. Development of polyurethane–titania nanocomposites as dielectric and piezoelectric material. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22929c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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