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Mehmood S, Ilyas N, Akhtar N, Chia WY, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Sayyed RZ, Pusparizkita YM, Munawaroh HSH, Quan PM, Show PL. Structural breakdown and phytotoxic assessments of PE degradation through acid hydrolysis, starch addition and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114784. [PMID: 36395868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vast amounts of plastic waste are causing serious environmental issues and urge to develop of new remediation methods. The aim of the study is to determine the role of inorganic (nitric acid), organic (starch addition), and biological (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) soil amendments on the degradation of Polyethylene (PE) and phytotoxic assessment for the growth of lettuce plant. The PE-degrading bacteria were isolated from the plastic-contaminated soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OP007126) and showed the highest degradation percentage for PE. PE was pre-treated with nitric acid as well as starch and incubated in the soil, whereas P. aeruginosa was also inoculated in PE-contaminated soils. Different combinations were also tested. FTIR analysis and weight reduction showed that though nitric acid was efficient in degradation, the combined application of starch and bacteria also showed effective degradation of PE. Phytotoxicity was assessed using morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of plant. Untreated PE significantly affected plants' physiology, resulting in a 45% reduction in leaf chlorophyll and a 40% reduction in relative water content. It also had adverse effects on the biochemical parameters of lettuce. Bacterial inoculation and starch treatment mitigated the harmful impact of stress and improved plants' growth as well as physiological and biochemical parameters; however, the nitric treatment proved phytotoxic. The observed results revealed that bacteria and starch could be effectively used for the degradation of pre-treated PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Mehmood
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Auburn Ventures, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Yustina M Pusparizkita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
| | - Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh
- Chemistry Program, Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Dr. Setiabudi 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia.
| | - Pham Minh Quan
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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Influence of photo-oxidation on the performance and soil degradation of oxo- and biodegradable polymer-based items for agricultural applications. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mohanan N, Montazer Z, Sharma PK, Levin DB. Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580709. [PMID: 33324366 PMCID: PMC7726165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic plastics are pivotal in our current lifestyle and therefore, its accumulation is a major concern for environment and human health. Petroleum-derived (petro-)polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are extremely recalcitrant to natural biodegradation pathways. Some microorganisms with the ability to degrade petro-polymers under in vitro conditions have been isolated and characterized. In some cases, the enzymes expressed by these microbes have been cloned and sequenced. The rate of polymer biodegradation depends on several factors including chemical structures, molecular weights, and degrees of crystallinity. Polymers are large molecules having both regular crystals (crystalline region) and irregular groups (amorphous region), where the latter provides polymers with flexibility. Highly crystalline polymers like polyethylene (95%), are rigid with a low capacity to resist impacts. PET-based plastics possess a high degree of crystallinity (30-50%), which is one of the principal reasons for their low rate of microbial degradation, which is projected to take more than 50 years for complete degraded in the natural environment, and hundreds of years if discarded into the oceans, due to their lower temperature and oxygen availability. The enzymatic degradation occurs in two stages: adsorption of enzymes on the polymer surface, followed by hydro-peroxidation/hydrolysis of the bonds. The sources of plastic-degrading enzymes can be found in microorganisms from various environments as well as digestive intestine of some invertebrates. Microbial and enzymatic degradation of waste petro-plastics is a promising strategy for depolymerization of waste petro-plastics into polymer monomers for recycling, or to covert waste plastics into higher value bioproducts, such as biodegradable polymers via mineralization. The objective of this review is to outline the advances made in the microbial degradation of synthetic plastics and, overview the enzymes involved in biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zahra Montazer
- Faculty of Food Engineering, The Educational Complex of Agriculture and Animal Science, Torbat-e-jam, Iran
| | - Parveen K. Sharma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David B. Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ramírez-Hernández A, Hernández-Mota CE, Páramo-Calderón DE, González-García G, Báez-García E, Rangel-Porras G, Vargas-Torres A, Aparicio-Saguilán A. Thermal, morphological and structural characterization of a copolymer of starch and polyethylene. Carbohydr Res 2020; 488:107907. [PMID: 31972439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to perform a copolymerization between polyethylene and starch in order to obtain new environmentally friendly materials. The copolymer obtained was characterized thermally, morphologically and structurally, including its pasting profile. The starch-g-PE copolymer showed lower thermal stability compared to the control materials. FTIR analysis determined that the chemical bond signal between the starch and polyethylene in the copolymer overlaps with the native starch signals. The signal from this chemical bond was assigned by proton NMR spectroscopy at δ 4.45 ppm. X-ray studies of the copolymer showed a material with more amorphous characteristics compared to native starch. SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of cracks in the starch granules which favored the chemical interaction between the polymers. The pasting behavior of the copolymer was less pronounced compared to native starch. Therefore, the copolymerization of both polymers could be an alternative to recycle polyethylene and make biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Ramírez-Hernández
- Instituto de Química. Universidad Del Papaloapan, Circuito Central #200. Colonia Parque Industrial, Apartado Postal 68301, Tuxtepec, Oax., Mexico.
| | - Carmen E Hernández-Mota
- Instituto de Química. Universidad Del Papaloapan, Circuito Central #200. Colonia Parque Industrial, Apartado Postal 68301, Tuxtepec, Oax., Mexico.
| | - Delia E Páramo-Calderón
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Del Papaloapan, Circuito Central #200. Colonia Parque Industrial, Apartado Postal 68301, Tuxtepec, Oax., Mexico.
| | - Gerardo González-García
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Báez-García
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Rangel-Porras
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Apolonio Vargas-Torres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad Km 1, Rancho Universitario, C. P. 43600, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Aparicio-Saguilán
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Del Papaloapan, Circuito Central #200. Colonia Parque Industrial, Apartado Postal 68301, Tuxtepec, Oax., Mexico.
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The promiscuous activity of alpha-amylase in biodegradation of low-density polyethylene in a polymer-starch blend. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2612. [PMID: 30796314 PMCID: PMC6385501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blending polyolefins with certain types of natural polymers like starch can be beneficial to their biodegradation. The impact of alpha-amylase on the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-starch blend samples in an aqueous solution was investigated through characterizing their physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Results indicated that the weight and tensile strength of the enzyme treated samples were reduced by 48% and 87% respectively. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an increase in fusion enthalpy of degraded samples which means that the crystallinity has been increased. The biodegradation of LLDPE appeared in Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) through the reduction in the intensity of the related peaks. This observation was supported by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) analysis where decreasing the percentage of carbon atoms in the treated blend was obtained. Likewise, the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results pointed to a significant reduction in both the molecular weight and viscosity of LDPE more than 70% and 60% respectively. Furthermore, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) affirmed the function of amylase in degradation of the blend. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be claimed that the main backbone of the polymer, as well as the side branches, have been scissored by the enzyme activity. In other words, alpha-amylase has a promiscuous cometabolic effect on biodegradation of LDPE in polymer-starch blends.
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Liu X, Wu D, Wang H, Wang Q. Self-recovering tough gel electrolyte with adjustable supercapacitor performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4370-4375. [PMID: 24737280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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Rodríguez-Félix DE, Quiroz-Castillo JM, Grijalva-Monteverde H, del Castillo-Castro T, Burruel-Ibarra SE, Rodríguez-Félix F, Madera-Santana T, Cabanillas RE, Herrera-Franco PJ. Degradability of extruded polyethylene/chitosan blends compatibilized with polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride under natural weathering. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Evelia Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Jesús Manuel Quiroz-Castillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | | | - Teresa del Castillo-Castro
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Silvia Elena Burruel-Ibarra
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Tomás Madera-Santana
- Laboratorio de Envases; CTAOV, Centro de Investigación en Alimentos y Desarrollo A.C.; P.C. 83304 Hermosillo Sonora México
| | - Rafael Enrique Cabanillas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia; Universidad de Sonora; P.C. 83000 Hermosillo Sonora México
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Liu X, Gao C, Sangwan P, Yu L, Tong Z. Accelerating the degradation of polyolefins through additives and blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxun Liu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Chengcheng Gao
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Parveen Sangwan
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Long Yu
- Center for Polymers from Renewable Resources; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Materials Science and Engineering; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhen Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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