1
|
A phosphorus-containing aliphatic amine curing agent towards intrinsic flame-retardant and smoke-suppressive epoxy resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
2
|
Qin Y, Li M, Huang T, Shen C, Gao S. A study on the modification of polypropylene by a star-shaped intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
3
|
Kim T, Kim S, Kim E, Kim T, Cho J, Song C, Baik S. High-Temperature Skin Softening Materials Overcoming the Trade-Off between Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Contact Resistance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102128. [PMID: 34390187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The trade-off between thermal conductivity (κ) and thermal contact resistance (Rc ) is regarded as a hurdle to develop superior interface materials for thermal management. Here a high-temperature skin softening material to overcome the trade-off relationship, realizing a record-high total thermal conductance (254.92 mW mm-2 K-1 ) for isotropic pad-type interface materials is introduced. A highly conductive hard core is constructed by incorporating Ag flakes and silver nanoparticle-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes in thermosetting epoxy (EP). The thin soft skin is composed of filler-embedded thermoplastic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA). The κ (82.8 W m-1 K-1 ) of the PEVA-EP-PEVA interface material is only slightly compromised, compared with that (106.5 W m-1 K-1 ) of the EP core (386 µm). However, the elastic modulus (E = 2.10 GPa) at the skin is significantly smaller than the EP (26.28 GPa), enhancing conformality and decreasing Rc from 108.41 to 78.73 mm2 K W-1 . The thermoplastic skin is further softened at an elevated temperature (100 °C), dramatically decreasing E (0.19 GPa) and Rc (0.17 mm2 K W-1 ) with little change in κ, overcoming the trade-off relationship and enhancing the total thermal conductance by 2030%. The successful heat dissipation and applicability to the continuous manufacturing process demonstrate excellent feasibility as future thermal management materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungchul Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwan Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Baik
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie W, Bao Q, Liu Y, Wen H, Wang Q. Hydrogen Bond Association to Prepare Flame Retardant Polyvinyl Alcohol Film with High Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5508-5517. [PMID: 33464817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has always been the goal of flame retardant research to improve the flame retardancy of a polymer efficiently without compromising comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties. For polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), inspired by the multiple hydrogen bonding in spider silk, we design a new type of compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen with multiple hydrogen-bonding reaction sites (N,N',N''-tris(2-aminoethyl)phosphoric triamide (TE)) as it is flame retardant. The dynamic cross-linking structure is constructed, and the hyperdispersion of flame retardancy is achieved by the hydrogen bond self-assembly between TE and PVA, thus the high-performance flame retardant PVA is obtained. With only a 10 wt % addition of TE, the PVA film with a thickness of 0.15 mm can reach the UL94 VTM-0 level, and its tensile strength, ductility, and initial decomposition temperature can be increased by 33, 15, and 12 °C, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen-bonding effect and flame retardant mechanism are characterized and studied. This work overcomes the shortcomings of traditional flame retarding approaches and provides an effective strategy for the preparation of flame retardant polymers with an excellent performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiuru Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo C, Zhao Y, Ji G, Wang C, Peng Z. Organic Aluminum Hypophosphite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids as Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2323. [PMID: 33050605 PMCID: PMC7601840 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel organic aluminum hypophosphite (ALCPA) and its hybrid (CNALCPA) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were successfully synthesized and applied as halogen-free flame retardants in polyamide 6 (PA6). Their structures, morphology, thermal stability, and fire properties were characterized. Results showed that both ALCPA and CNALCPA had good flame retardancy. PA6/CNALCPA composites achieved a high limited-oxygen-index (LOI) value of 38.3% and a V-0 rating for UL94 at 20 wt % loading, while PA6/ALCPA composites could reach a V-1 rating for UL94. The flame-retardant mechanism was also studied. On the one hand, the incorporation of g-C3N4 produced more gas-phase products, which indicated a gas-phase mechanism. On the other hand, g-C3N4 could catalyze the thermal degradation of ALCPA and PA6 to form a compact char layer that was evidence for a solid-phase mechanism. The tensile test of the PA6 composites also displayed good mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhihan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (C.G.); (Y.Z.); (G.J.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tikhani F, Moghari S, Jouyandeh M, Laoutid F, Vahabi H, Saeb MR, Dubois P. Curing Kinetics and Thermal Stability of Epoxy Composites Containing Newly Obtained Nano-Scale Aluminum Hypophosphite (AlPO 2). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030644. [PMID: 32178292 PMCID: PMC7183063 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, nano-scale aluminum hypophosphite (AlPO2) was simply obtained in a two-step milling process and applied in preparation of epoxy nanocomposites varying concentration (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% based on resin weight). Studying the cure kinetics and thermal stability of these nanocomposites would pave the way toward the design of high-performance nanocomposites for special applications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) revealed AlPO2 particles having domains less than 60 nm with high potential for agglomeration. Excellent (at heating rate of 5 °C/min) and Good (at heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 °C/min) cure states were detected for nanocomposites under nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). While the dimensionless curing temperature interval (ΔT*) was almost equal for epoxy/AlPO2 nanocomposites, dimensionless heat release (ΔH*) changed by densification of polymeric network. Quantitative cure analysis based on isoconversional Friedman and Kissinger methods gave rise to the kinetic parameters such as activation energy and the order of reaction as well as frequency factor. Variation of glass transition temperature (Tg) was monitored to explain the molecular interaction in the system, where Tg increased from 73.2 °C for neat epoxy to just 79.5 °C for the system containing 0.1 wt.% AlPO2. Moreover, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that nanocomposites were thermally stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Tikhani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (F.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Shahab Moghari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; (F.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric & Composite Materials, Materia Nova Research Center, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran 16765-654, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials & Polymers (CIRMAP), Health and Materials Research Institutes, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: (H.V.); (M.R.S.); (P.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)3-8793-9186 (H.V.); +98-(0)-21-2295-6209 (M.R.S.); +32-(0)-6537-3000 (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sag J, Goedderz D, Kukla P, Greiner L, Schönberger F, Döring M. Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2019; 24:E3746. [PMID: 31627395 PMCID: PMC6833091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Daniela Goedderz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kukla
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Lara Greiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Frank Schönberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Manfred Döring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molecular Firefighting-How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10450-10467. [PMID: 29318752 PMCID: PMC6099334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of polymeric materials in daily life comes with an increased fire risk, and sustained research into efficient flame retardants is key to ensuring the safety of the populace and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus, a versatile and effective element for use in flame retardants, has the potential to supersede the halogenated variants that are still widely used today: current formulations employ a variety of modes of action and methods of implementation, as additives or as reactants, to solve the task of developing flame-retarding polymeric materials. Phosphorus-based flame retardants can act in both the gas and condensed phase during a fire. This Review investigates how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addresses the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus-based flame-retardants from renewable sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudinger Weg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technical Properties of Polymeric MaterialsBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physical Chemistry of PolymersMax Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Velencoso MM, Battig A, Markwart JC, Schartel B, Wurm FR. Molekulare Brandbekämpfung – wie moderne Phosphorchemie zur Lösung der Flammschutzaufgabe beitragen kann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Velencoso
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Alexander Battig
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Graduiertenschule “Materials Science in Mainz” Staudinger Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Schartel
- Technische Eigenschaften von PolymerwerkstoffenBundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Physikalische Chemie der PolymereMax-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Morgan
- Center for Flame Retardant Material Science, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo Q, Yuan Y, Dong C, Huang H, Liu S, Zhao J. Highly Effective Flame Retardancy of a Novel DPPA-Based Curing Agent for DGEBA Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haohao Huang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szolnoki B, Bocz K, Sóti PL, Bodzay B, Zimonyi E, Toldy A, Morlin B, Bujnowicz K, Wladyka-Przybylak M, Marosi G. Development of natural fibre reinforced flame retarded epoxy resin composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Tan Y, Shao ZB, Chen XF, Long JW, Chen L, Wang YZ. Novel Multifunctional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17919-28. [PMID: 26186089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid was designed and prepared based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by cation exchange with diethylenetriamine (DETA), abbreviated as DETA-APP. Then DETA-APP was used as flame-retardant curing agent for epoxy resin (EP). Curing behavior, including the curing kinetic parameters, was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The flame retardance and burning behavior of DETA-APP cured EP were also evaluated. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of DETA-APP/EP was enhanced to 30.5% with only 15 wt % of DETA-APP incorporated; and the UL-94 V-0 rating could be easily passed through with only 10 wt % of the hybrid. Compared with DETA/EP, the peak-heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak-smoke production release (SPR) of DETA-APP/EP (15 wt % addition), obtained from cone calorimetry, were dropped by 68.3, 79.3, 79.0, and 30.0%, respectively, suggesting excellent flame-retardant and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanism of DETA-APP/EP has been investigated comprehensively. The results of all the aforementioned studies distinctly confirmed that DETA-APP was an effective flame-retardant curing agent for EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xue-Fang Chen
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jia-Wei Long
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- ‡National Engineering Research Center of Electronic Circuits Base Material, Guangdong Shengyi Technology Limited Corporation, Dongguan 523039, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- †Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo Q, Yuan Y, Dong C, Liu S, Zhao J. Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Only 2.5 wt% DPPA makes the epoxy resin achieve a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test due to the combination of intumescent charring and the blowing-out effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Ministry of Education
| | - Jiangqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fu SQ, Guo JW, Zhu DY, Yang Z, Yang CF, Xian JX, Li X. Novel halogen-free flame retardants based on adamantane for polycarbonate. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of PC/FR compositions presents a continuous and protective carbon layer with several bubbles and folds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Chu-Fen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Xu GR, Xu MJ, Li B. Synthesis and characterization of a novel epoxy resin based on cyclotriphosphazene and its thermal degradation and flammability performance. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|