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Lu Y, Li L, Wang S, Pu X, Zhu YL, Yang Y, Luan J, Zhang S, Wang G. Charge Transfer Mechanisms of Adaptive Multicomponent Solutions at Solid-Liquid Interfaces for Real-Time Coolant State Monitoring. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10372-10379. [PMID: 39105796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Charge-transfer mechanisms in adaptive multicomponent solutions at liquid-solid interfaces with triboelectric probes are crucial for understanding chemistry dynamics. However, liquid-solid charge transfer becomes unpredictable, due to the components or interactions in solutions, restricting its potential application for precise monitoring of liquid environments. This study utilizes triboelectric probes to investigate the charge transfer of chemicals, applying this approach to real-time coolant state monitoring. Analysis of electrical signal dynamics induced by ethylene glycol and its oxidation byproduct, oxalic acid, in ethylene glycol solutions reveals that hydrogen bond and ion adsorption diminishes the efficiency of electron transfer at the liquid-solid interface. These findings promote the engineering of the triboelectric probe that enhances coolant quality with remarkable sensitivity (detection limit: 0.0001%) and a broad freezing point operational range (0 to -49 °C). This work advances the precise control of the charge dynamics and demonstrates the potential of triboelectric probes for interdisciplinary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Lu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Leibo Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengdao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashuang Luan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
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Toro SA, Ridruejo A, González C, Monclús MA, Fernández-Blázquez JP. Optimization of Processing Conditions and Mechanical Properties for PEEK/PEI Multilayered Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4597. [PMID: 36365591 PMCID: PMC9653895 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of producing polyetheretherketone/polyetherimide (PEEK/PEI) blends is to combine the outstanding properties that both polymers present separately. Despite being miscible polymers, it is possible to achieve PEEK/PEI multilayered blends in which PEEK crystallinity is not significantly inhibited, as opposed to conventional extruding processes that lead to homogeneous mixtures with total polymer chain interpenetration. This study investigated a 50/50 (volume fraction) PEEK/PEI multilayered polymer blend in which manufacturing parameters were tailored to simultaneously achieve PEEK-PEI adhesion while keeping PEEK crystallinity in order to optimize the mechanical properties of this heterogeneous polymer blend. The interface adhesion was characterized with the use of three-point bending tests, which proved that a processing temperature below the melting point of PEEK produced weak PEEK-PEI interfaces. Results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that under a 350 °C consolidation temperature, there is a partial mixing of PEEK and PEI layers in the interface that provides good adhesion. The thickness of the mixed homogeneous region at this temperature exhibits reduced sensitivity to processing time, which ensures that both polymers essentially remain separate phases. This also entails that multilayered blends with good mechanical properties can be reliably produced with short manufacturing cycles. The combination of mechanical performance and potential joining capability supports their use in a wide range of applications in the automotive, marine, and aerospace industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Andrés Toro
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile 9170022, Chile
| | - Alvaro Ridruejo
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos, C/Profesor Aranguren, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Monclús
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
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Alvaredo-Atienza Á, Chen L, San-Miguel V, Ridruejo Á, Fernández-Blázquez JP. Fabrication and Characterization of PEEK/PEI Multilayer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122765. [PMID: 33255165 PMCID: PMC7760636 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends (50/50, v/v) keeping the crystal phase of PEEK have been manufactured by alternate PEEK/PEI layer stacking. This strategy avoided the complete miscibility of both polymers, keeping layers of PEEK and PEI unmixed along the sample thickness, as well as promoting the formation of a smooth interfacial layer where PEEK and PEI were mixed. The properties of this interface after processing at molten state and different times was studied by DSC, DMA, and X-Ray synchrotron. These techniques allowed monitoring the evolution of glass transition, where isolated Tg’s for both pristine polymers were observed even after long processing time. PEEK crystallinity slightly decreased during manufacturing, whereas PEEK crystal parameters did not vary. These observations show that, although the interface—the zone where both polymers are mixed—grew, layers with pristine polymers remained even after prolonged processing time. The preservation of the PEEK crystallinity was also observed in the mechanical properties of the multilayer PEEK/PEI films, which were compared with pristine PEEK and PEI films. Multilayer samples processed for shorter times rendered higher young modulus, tensile strength, and strain at break.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alvaredo-Atienza
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain;
- Fundación para la Investigación (FIDAMC), Desarrollo y Aplicación de Materiales Compuestos, Avda. Rita Levi Moltalcini 29, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos. C/Profesor Aranguren, 3. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (Á.R.)
| | - Verónica San-Miguel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IAAB), University of Carlos III of Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Ridruejo
- Department of Materials Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Caminos. C/Profesor Aranguren, 3. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (Á.R.)
| | - Juan P. Fernández-Blázquez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-549-34-22
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Kumari M, Sodaye HS, Bindal RC. Effect of phosphotungstic acid blending on properties of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)-poly(ethylene glycol) crosslinked membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex; Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Hemant S. Sodaye
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex; Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Ramesh C. Bindal
- Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex; Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
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