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Zare Y, Munir MT, Rhee KY. A novel technique including two steps for modulus prediction in polymer halloysite nanotube composites. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20511. [PMID: 39227659 PMCID: PMC11372172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A two-step methodology has been developed utilizing the models of Paul and Takayanagi to determine the modulus of polymer halloysite nanotube (HNT) products. Initially, HNTs and the adjacent interphase are considered as pseudoparticles, and their modulus is evaluated using the Paul model. Subsequently, the modulus of a nanocomposite, consisting of a polymer medium and pseudoparticles, is predicted by Takayanagi equation. The impacts of various factors on the modulus of the products are analyzed, and the results from the two-step method are compared with experimental data from different samples. It has been observed that the modulus of samples progressively increases with an increase in interphase depth. Also, a higher interphase modulus contributes to an enhanced modulus of samples. Nevertheless, excessively high interphase moduli (Ei > 60 GPa) result in only a marginal improvement in the modulus of nanocomposites. Additionally, narrower HNTs are advantageous for producing stronger samples, though the modulus of the nanocomposites slightly diminishes at very high HNT radii (R > 55 nm). The outputs of two-step method agree with the experimental moduli of various HNT-filled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Tajammal Munir
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, 54200, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK21 Four), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil E, Rodrigue D. Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Rubber Foams: A Review Based on Recent Investigations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1934. [PMID: 36903049 PMCID: PMC10004622 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, rubber foams have found their way into several areas of the modern world because these materials have interesting properties such as high flexibility, elasticity, deformability (especially at low temperature), resistance to abrasion and energy absorption (damping properties). Therefore, they are widely used in automobiles, aeronautics, packaging, medicine, construction, etc. In general, the mechanical, physical and thermal properties are related to the foam's structural features, including porosity, cell size, cell shape and cell density. To control these morphological properties, several parameters related to the formulation and processing conditions are important, including foaming agents, matrix, nanofillers, temperature and pressure. In this review, the morphological, physical and mechanical properties of rubber foams are discussed and compared based on recent studies to present a basic overview of these materials depending on their final application. Openings for future developments are also presented.
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Hosseinpour A, Katbab AA, Ohadi A. Improving the sound absorption of a highly deformable nanocomposite foam based on ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) infused with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to absorb low-frequency waves. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hosseinpour A, Katbab AA, Ohadi A. A novel sound absorber foam based on ethylene propylene diene monomer (
EPDM
) to absorb low‐frequency waves: Influence of
EPDM
ethylene content. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hosseinpour
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Katbab
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ohadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Mohamed Haneef INH, Mohd Shaffiar N, Buys YF, Syed Shaharuddin SI, Abdul Hamid AM, Widiyati K. Recent advancement in polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2574-2588. [PMID: 35661579 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have recently been the subject of extensive research as a reinforcing filler. HNT is a natural nanoclay, non-toxic and biocompatible, hence, applicable in biomedical fields. This review focuses on the mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of polymer nanocomposites with HNT as a reinforcing agent from an experimental and theoretical perspective. In addition, this review also highlights the recent applications of polymer/HNT nanocomposites in the biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhashimah Mohd Shaffiar
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yose Fachmi Buys
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Malek Abdul Hamid
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khusnun Widiyati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Bizhani H, Katbab AA, Maroufkhani M, Verdejo R. Physical and mechanical properties of hybridized elastomeric foam based on ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer, multiwall carbon nanotube, and barium titanate. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221085194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of hybrid fillers in rubbers can provide additional benefits to rubber foams compared to individual micro- or nano-scale particles due to an optimum packaging and synergic effects. The present work reports the development of vulcanized ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer nanocomposite hybrid foams filled with barium titanate and multiwall carbon nanotube (BT/MWCNT), prepared via a scalable protocol. The developed foams presented a high shear-thinning behavior, suggesting the formation of a 3D interconnected physical network of MWCNT within the polymer matrix. This network resulted in a notable improvement of the mechanical properties under tension and compression with increasing of MWCNT content. Also, the incorporation of MWCNT and BT enhanced thermal stability and thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, BT did not show any influence on the measured physical properties, due to the lack of interaction between BT and the EPDM matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Bizhani
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Katbab
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Maroufkhani
- Department of Materials, Chemistry and Polymer Engineering, Buin Zahra Technical University, Buin Zahra, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Rostami-Tapeh-Esmaeil E, Vahidifar A, Esmizadeh E, Rodrigue D. Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1565. [PMID: 34068238 PMCID: PMC8153173 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing development in science and technology, as well as social awareness, more requirements are imposed on the production and property of all materials, especially polymeric foams. In particular, rubber foams, compared to thermoplastic foams in general, have higher flexibility, resistance to abrasion, energy absorption capabilities, strength-to-weight ratio and tensile strength leading to their widespread use in several applications such as thermal insulation, energy absorption, pressure sensors, absorbents, etc. To control the rubber foams microstructure leading to excellent physical and mechanical properties, two types of parameters play important roles. The first category is related to formulation including the rubber (type and grade), as well as the type and content of accelerators, fillers, and foaming agents. The second category is associated to processing parameters such as the processing method (injection, extrusion, compression, etc.), as well as different conditions related to foaming (temperature, pressure and number of stage) and curing (temperature, time and precuring time). This review presents the different parameters involved and discusses their effect on the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of rubber foams. Although several studies have been published on rubber foams, very few papers reviewed the subject and compared the results available. In this review, the most recent works on rubber foams have been collected to provide a general overview on different types of rubber foams from their preparation to their final application. Detailed information on formulation, curing and foaming chemistry, production methods, morphology, properties, and applications is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Vahidifar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Elnaz Esmizadeh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran;
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Bizhani H, Katbab AA, Lopez-Hernandez E, Miranda JM, Lopez-Manchado MA, Verdejo R. Preparation and Characterization of Highly Elastic Foams with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer Rubber Filled with Barium Titanate/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Hybrid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102278. [PMID: 33023049 PMCID: PMC7600982 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) nanocomposite foams were produced via compression molding with enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption efficiency. The hybrid filler, consisting of 20 phr ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) and various loading fractions of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), synergistically increased the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption characteristics of the EPDM foam. Accordingly, while the EPDM foam filled with 20 phr BT was transparent to the EM wave within the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band), the hybrid EPDM nanocomposite foam loaded with 20 phr BT and 10 phr MWCNTs presented a total shielding effectiveness (SE) of ~22.3 dB compared to ~16.0 dB of the MWCNTs (10 phr). This synergistic effect is suggested to be due to the segregation of MWCNT networks within the cellular structure of EPDM, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity, and also high dielectric permittivity of the foam imparted by the BT particles. Moreover, the total SE of the BT/MWCNTs loaded foam samples remained almost unchanged when subjected to repeated bending due to the elastic recovery behavior of the crosslinked EPDM foamed nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Bizhani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
| | - Ali Asghar Katbab
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Emil Lopez-Hernandez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Jose Miguel Miranda
- Department Estructura de la Materia, Facultad de Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Lopez-Manchado
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-H.); (M.A.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (R.V.)
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