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Azevedo AG, Barros C, Miranda S, Machado AV, Castro O, Silva B, Saraiva M, Silva AS, Pastrana L, Carneiro OS, Cerqueira MA. Active Flexible Films for Food Packaging: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2442. [PMID: 35746023 PMCID: PMC9228407 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Active food packaging is a dynamic area where the scientific community and industry have been trying to find new strategies to produce innovative packaging that is economically viable and compatible with conventional production processes. The materials used to develop active packaging can be organized into scavenging and emitting materials, and based on organic and inorganic materials. However, the incorporation of these materials in polymer-based flexible packaging is not always straightforward. The challenges to be faced are mainly related to active agents' sensitivity to high temperatures or difficulties in dispersing them in the high viscosity polymer matrix. This review provides an overview of methodologies and processes used in the production of active packaging, particularly for the production of active flexible films at the industrial level. The direct incorporation of active agents in polymer films is presented, focusing on the processing conditions and their effect on the active agent, and final application of the packaging material. Moreover, the incorporation of active agents by coating technologies and supercritical impregnation are presented. Finally, the use of carriers to help the incorporation of active agents and several methodologies is discussed. This review aims to guide academic and industrial researchers in the development of active flexible packaging, namely in the selection of the materials, methodologies, and process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Azevedo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Carolina Barros
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Sónia Miranda
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Ana Vera Machado
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Olga Castro
- Vizelpas—Flexible Films, S.A., Rua da Fundição, 8, Vilarinho, 4795-791 Santo Tirso, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Silva
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- INSA—National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research I.P., Portugal and CECA-Center for Study in Animal Science, ICETA, University of Porto, Vairão, 4099-002 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Olga Sousa Carneiro
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
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Leneveu‐Jenvrin C, Apicella A, Bradley K, Meile J, Chillet M, Scarfato P, Incarnato L, Remize F. Effects of maturity level, steam treatment, or active packaging to maintain the quality of minimally processed mango (
Mangifera indica
cv. José). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Leneveu‐Jenvrin
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion Montpellier France
- UMR QualiSud, Université de La Réunion Saint Pierre France
| | - Annalisa Apicella
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II Salerno Italy
| | - Kelly Bradley
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion Montpellier France
- UMR QualiSud, Université de La Réunion Saint Pierre France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Meile
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud Saint Pierre France
| | - Marc Chillet
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD, UMR QualiSud Saint Pierre France
| | - Paola Scarfato
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II Salerno Italy
| | - Loredana Incarnato
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II Salerno Italy
| | - Fabienne Remize
- QualiSud, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université de La Réunion Montpellier France
- UMR QualiSud, Université de La Réunion Saint Pierre France
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Sharma S, Barkauskaite S, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Essential oils as additives in active food packaging. Food Chem 2020; 343:128403. [PMID: 33268167 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging can be considered as a passive barrier that protects food from environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, oxygen, water vapour, pressure and heat. It also prolongs the shelf-life of food by protecting from chemical and microbiological contaminants and enables foods to be transported and stored safely. Active packaging (AP) provides the opportunity for interaction between the external environment and food, resulting in extended shelf-life of food. Chemoactive packaging has an impact on the chemical composition of the food product. The application of natural additive such as essential oils in active packaging can be used in the forms of films and coatings. It has been observed that, AP helps to maintain temperature, moisture level and microbial and quality control of the food. This review article provides an overview of the active packaging incorporated with essential oils, concerns and challenges in industry, and the effect of essential oil on the packaging microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland; Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology (CREST), FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sandra Barkauskaite
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
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Dobrucka R, Przekop R. New perspectives in active and intelligent food packaging. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Dobrucka
- Department of Industrial Products Quality and Ecology Faculty of Commodity Science Poznan University of Economics and Business Poznan Poland
| | - Robert Przekop
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Poznan Poland
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Oxygen absorption data of multilayer oxygen scavenger-polyester films with different layouts. Data Brief 2018; 19:1530-1536. [PMID: 30229025 PMCID: PMC6141150 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen absorption measurements in continuous regard active multilayer films with different layouts, all incorporating a PET/Oxygen scavenger (OS) layer, operating as active O2 barrier, inserted between two PET inert layers, acting as passive O2 barrier. The data set is related to “Transport properties of multilayer active PET films with different layers configuration” by Apicella et al. (2018) [1]. A set of four multilayer films, with different relative thickness of the active and inert layers, was produced using a laboratory scale co-extrusion cast-film equipment and was analyzed in terms of oxygen scavenging performance. Single layer active and inert layers were also produced for comparison. The results have shown a longer exhaustion time for all the active multilayer films, respect to the active monolayer one. Moreover, at constant thickness of the active layer, the exhaustion time increases by increasing the thickness of the inert layers, whereas, at constant thickness of the inert layers, the residual oxygen concentration decreases by increasing the thickness of the active layer.
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Yildirim S, Röcker B, Pettersen MK, Nilsen-Nygaard J, Ayhan Z, Rutkaite R, Radusin T, Suminska P, Marcos B, Coma V. Active Packaging Applications for Food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 17:165-199. [PMID: 33350066 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The traditional role of food packaging is continuing to evolve in response to changing market needs. Current drivers such as consumer's demand for safer, "healthier," and higher-quality foods, ideally with a long shelf-life; the demand for convenient and transparent packaging, and the preference for more sustainable packaging materials, have led to the development of new packaging technologies, such as active packaging (AP). As defined in the European regulation (EC) No 450/2009, AP systems are designed to "deliberately incorporate components that would release or absorb substances into or from the packaged food or the environment surrounding the food." Active packaging materials are thereby "intended to extend the shelf-life or to maintain or improve the condition of packaged food." Although extensive research on AP technologies is being undertaken, many of these technologies have not yet been implemented successfully in commercial food packaging systems. Broad communication of their benefits in food product applications will facilitate the successful development and market introduction. In this review, an overview of AP technologies, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant or carbon dioxide-releasing systems, and systems absorbing oxygen, moisture or ethylene, is provided, and, in particular, scientific publications illustrating the benefits of such technologies for specific food products are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in applying such AP technologies to food systems and the anticipated direction of future developments are discussed. This review will provide food and packaging scientists with a thorough understanding of the benefits of AP technologies when applied to specific foods and hence can assist in accelerating commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Yildirim
- Inst. of Food and Beverage Innovation, Dept. of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich Univ. of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Röcker
- Inst. of Food and Beverage Innovation, Dept. of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich Univ. of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Julie Nilsen-Nygaard
- Nofima - Norwegian Inst. of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1430 Aas, Norway
| | - Zehra Ayhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Food Engineering, Sakarya Univ., Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ramune Rutkaite
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Dept. of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas Univ. of Technology, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tanja Radusin
- Inst. of Food Technology, Univ. of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Patrycja Suminska
- Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, Center of Bioimmobilization and Innovative Packaging Materials, West Pomeranian Univ. of Technology, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Begonya Marcos
- IRTA, Food Technology, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Véronique Coma
- UMR CNRS 5629, LCPO, Bordeaux Univ., 33607 PESSAC cedex, France
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Barriers and Chemistry in a Bottle: Mechanisms in Today’s Oxygen Barriers for Tomorrow’s Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pant AF, Sängerlaub S, Müller K. Gallic Acid as an Oxygen Scavenger in Bio-Based Multilayer Packaging Films. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050489. [PMID: 28772849 PMCID: PMC5458987 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen scavengers are used in food packaging to protect oxygen-sensitive food products. A mixture of gallic acid (GA) and sodium carbonate was used as an oxygen scavenger (OSc) in bio-based multilayer packaging films produced in a three-step process: compounding, flat film extrusion, and lamination. We investigated the film surface color as well as oxygen absorption at different relative humidities (RHs) and temperatures, and compared the oxygen absorption of OSc powder, monolayer films, and multilayer films. The films were initially brownish-red in color but changed to greenish-black during oxygen absorption under humid conditions. We observed a maximum absorption capacity of 447 mg O2/g GA at 21 °C and 100% RH. The incorporation of GA into a polymer matrix reduced the rate of oxygen absorption compared to the GA powder because the polymer acted as a barrier to oxygen and water vapor diffusion. As expected, the temperature had a significant effect on the initial absorption rate of the multilayer films; the corresponding activation energy was 75.4 kJ/mol. Higher RH significantly increased the oxygen absorption rate. These results demonstrate for the first time the production and the properties of a bio-based multilayer packaging film with GA as the oxygen scavenger. Potential applications include the packaging of food products with high water activity (aw > 0.86).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid F Pant
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Sven Sängerlaub
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Kajetan Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Bahnhofstraße 61, 87435 Kempten, Germany.
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Brockgreitens J, Abbas A. Responsive Food Packaging: Recent Progress and Technological Prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:3-15. [PMID: 33371571 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Responsive food packaging is an emerging field in food packaging research and the food industry. Unlike active packaging, responsive packaging systems react to stimuli in the food or the environment to enable real time food quality and food safety monitoring or remediation. This review attempts to define and clarify the different classes of food packaging technologies. Special emphasis is given to the description of responsive food packaging including its technical requirements, the state of the art in research and the current expanding market. The development and promises of stimuli responsive materials in responsive food packaging are addressed, along with current challenges and future directions to help translate research developments into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brockgreitens
- Dept. of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Abdennour Abbas
- Dept. of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
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