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Warner MJ, Kopatz JW, Schafer DP, Kustas J, Sawyer PS, Grillet AM, Jones BH, Ghosh K. A robust depolymerization route for polysiloxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1188-1191. [PMID: 38193881 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05509d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A versatile, robust, and stable tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate (TBAT) catalyst has been deployed for efficient depolymerization of silicones. This catalyst is soluble in a variety of organic solvents and is stable up to 170 °C, enabling a wide range of reaction conditions under which F--catalysed siloxane bond cleavage can be initiated. This effort offers significant advancement overcoming the traditional limitations of silicone depolymerization, such as high catalyst loading, storage and handling, and few viable reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Warner
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Jessica W Kopatz
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - David P Schafer
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Jessica Kustas
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Patricia S Sawyer
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Anne M Grillet
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Brad H Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
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2
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Chemical Recycling of High-Molecular-Weight Organosilicon Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235170. [PMID: 36501564 PMCID: PMC9738714 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main known patterns of thermal and/or catalytic destruction of high-molecular-weight organosilicon compounds are considered from the viewpoint of the prospects for processing their wastes. The advantages of using supercritical fluids in plastic recycling are outlined. They are related to a high diffusion rate, efficient extraction of degradation products, the dependence of solvent properties on pressure and temperature, etc. A promising area for further research is described concerning the application of supercritical fluids for processing the wastes of organosilicon macromolecular compounds.
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HAJJ R, BRUNEL R, SONNIER R, LONGUET C, GANACHAUD F. Silicone-recycled pyrolyzed fillers for enhanced thermal - and flame - resistant silicone elastomers. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Petrus R, Utko J, Gniłka R, Fleszar MG, Lis T, Sobota P. Solvothermal Alcoholysis Method for Recycling High-Consistency Silicone Rubber Waste. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Utko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Radosław Gniłka
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz G. Fleszar
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Łukasiewicz Research Network−PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stablowicka, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Synthesis and Reactivity of the First Isolated Hydrogen-Bridged Silanol-Silanolate Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5494-5499. [PMID: 31833629 PMCID: PMC7154667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on the first examples of isolated silanol–silanolate anions, obtained by utilizing weakly coordinating phosphazenium counterions. The silanolate anions were synthesized from the recently published phosphazenium hydroxide hydrate salt with siloxanes. The silanol–silanolate anions are postulated intermediates in the hydroxide‐mediated polymerization of aryl and alkyl siloxanes. The silanolate anions are strong nucleophiles because of the weakly coordinating character of the phosphazenium cation, which is perceptible in their activity in polysiloxane depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Synthese und Reaktivität der ersten isolierten wasserstoffverbrückten Silanol‐Silanolat‐Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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7
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Krug DJ, Asuncion MZ, Laine RM. Facile Approach to Recycling Highly Cross-Linked Thermoset Silicone Resins under Ambient Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3782-3789. [PMID: 31459590 PMCID: PMC6649146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicone resins are traditional thermoset polymers with an inorganic backbone, affording chemical inertness and high thermal stability, which also makes them inherently difficult to recycle by traditional methods. Here, we demonstrate that catalytic amounts of fluoride ion at room temperature solubilize highly cross-linked silicone resins initially cured up to 250 °C. After solubilization equilibria are achieved, solvent is removed to reform the polymer network. Coatings on aluminum substrates and monoliths of virgin and recycled silicone resins were evaluated for hydrophobicity, wear resistance, substrate adhesion, and thermal stability. Silicones recycled under optimized conditions retained nearly 100% wear resistance, thermal stability, and adhesion properties. In some instances, the recycled coatings offer properties superior to the initial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Krug
- Continental
Structural Plastics, A Teijin Group Company, Auburn Hills, Michigan 48326, United States
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael Z. Asuncion
- Continental
Structural Plastics, A Teijin Group Company, Auburn Hills, Michigan 48326, United States
| | - Richard M. Laine
- Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Döhlert P, Pfrommer J, Enthaler S. Depolymerization of end-of-life poly(dimethylsilazane) with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate to produce difluorodimethylsilane as useful commodity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1160243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Döhlert
- Institute of Chemistry: Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis”, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Pfrommer
- Institute of Chemistry: Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis”, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Enthaler
- Institute of Chemistry: Cluster of Excellence “Unifying Concepts in Catalysis”, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department Chemie, Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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