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Veiga GCD, Mafaldo ÍM, Barão CE, Baú TR, Magnani M, Pimentel TC. Supercritical carbon dioxide technology in food processing: Insightful comprehension of the mechanisms of microbial inactivation and impacts on quality and safety aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13345. [PMID: 38638070 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) has emerged as a nonthermal technology to guarantee food safety. This review addresses the potential of SC-CO2 technology in food preservation, discussing the microbial inactivation mechanisms and the impact on food products' quality parameters and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the main advantages and gaps are denoted. SC-CO2 technology application causes adequate microbial reductions (>5 log cfu/mL) of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, enzyme inactivation, and improvements in the storage stability in fruit and vegetable products (mainly fruit juices), meat products, and dairy derivatives. SC-CO2-treated products maintain the physicochemical, technological, and sensory properties, bioactive compound concentrations, and biological activity (antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory activities) similar to the untreated products. The optimization of processing parameters (temperature, pressure, CO2 volume, and processing times) is mandatory for achieving the desired results. Further studies should consider the expansion to different food matrices, shelf-life evaluation, bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds, and in vitro and in vivo studies to prove the benefits of using SC-CO2 technology. Moreover, the impact on sensory characteristics and, mainly, the consumer perception of SC-CO2-treated foods need to be elucidated. We highlight the opportunity for studies in postbiotic production. In conclusion, SC-CO2 technology may be used for microbial inactivation to ensure food safety without losing the quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Cristina da Veiga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Post-Graduation Program in Food Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ísis Meireles Mafaldo
- Department of Food Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Process in Foods, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Tahis Regina Baú
- Food Technology Coordination, Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Department of Food Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Process in Foods, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Colombo Pimentel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Post-Graduation Program in Food Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Paraná (IFPR), Campus Paranavaí, Paranavaí, Paraná, Brazil
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Li X, Jin Y. Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400313121. [PMID: 38652745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400313121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid-gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations report strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, many existing theoretical explanations consider a single crossover line separating liquid-like and gas-like states in the supercritical fluid phase. We argue that such a single-line scenario is inconsistent with the supercritical behavior of the Ising model, which has two crossover lines due to its symmetry, violating the universality principle of critical phenomena. To reconcile the inconsistency, we define two thermodynamic crossover lines in supercritical fluids as boundaries of liquid-like, indistinguishable, and gas-like states. Near the critical point, the two crossover lines follow critical scalings with exponents of the Ising universality class, supported by calculations of theoretical models and analyses of experimental data from the standard database. The upper line agrees with crossovers independently estimated from the inelastic X-ray scattering data of supercritical argon, and from the small-angle neutron scattering data of supercritical carbon dioxide. The lower line is verified by the equation of states for the compressibility factor. This work provides a fundamental framework for understanding supercritical physics in general phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Jin
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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Huang Y, Zheng Y, Lu X, Zhao Y, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Liu G. Simulation and Optimization: A New Direction in Supercritical Technology Based Nanomedicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1404. [PMID: 38135995 PMCID: PMC10741229 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanomedicines prepared using supercritical technology have garnered widespread research attention due to their inherent attributes, including structural stability, high bioavailability, and commendable safety profiles. The preparation of these nanomedicines relies upon drug solubility and mixing efficiency within supercritical fluids (SCFs). Solubility is closely intertwined with operational parameters such as temperature and pressure while mixing efficiency is influenced not only by operational conditions but also by the shape and dimensions of the nozzle. Due to the special conditions of supercriticality, these parameters are difficult to measure directly, thus presenting significant challenges for the preparation and optimization of nanomedicines. Mathematical models can, to a certain extent, prognosticate solubility, while simulation models can visualize mixing efficiency during experimental procedures, offering novel avenues for advancing supercritical nanomedicines. Consequently, within the framework of this endeavor, we embark on an extensive review encompassing the application of mathematical models, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques within the medical domain of supercritical technology. We undertake the synthesis and discourse of methodologies for calculating drug solubility in SCFs, as well as the influence of operational conditions and experimental apparatus upon the outcomes of nanomedicine preparation using supercritical technology. Through this comprehensive review, we elucidate the implementation procedures and commonly employed models of diverse methodologies, juxtaposing the merits and demerits of these models. Furthermore, we assert the dependability of employing models to compute drug solubility in SCFs and simulate the experimental processes, with the capability to serve as valuable tools for aiding and optimizing experiments, as well as providing guidance in the selection of appropriate operational conditions. This, in turn, fosters innovative avenues for the development of supercritical pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yating Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China;
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (G.L.)
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Ioni Y, Popova A, Maksimov S, Kozerozhets I. Ni Nanoparticles on the Reduced Graphene Oxide Surface Synthesized in Supercritical Isopropanol. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2923. [PMID: 37999277 PMCID: PMC10674343 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites based on ferromagnetic nickel nanoparticles and graphene-related materials are actively used in various practical applications such as catalysis, sensors, sorption, etc. Therefore, maintaining their dispersity and homogeneity during deposition onto the reduced graphene oxide substrate surface is of crucial importance to provide the required product characteristics. This paper demonstrates a new, reproducible method for preparing a tailored composite based on nickel nanoparticles on the reduced graphene oxide surface using supercritical isopropanol treatment. It has been shown that when a graphene oxide film with previously incorporated Ni2+ salt is treated with isopropanol at supercritical conditions, nickel (2+) is reduced to Ni (0), with simultaneous deoxygenation of the graphene oxide substrate. The resulting composite is a solid film exhibiting magnetic properties. XRD, FTIR, Raman, TEM, and HRTEM methods were used to study all the obtained materials. It was shown that nickel nanoparticles on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide had an average diameter of 27 nm and were gradually distributed on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheets. The data obtained allowed us to conduct a reconnaissance discussion of the mechanism of composite fabrication in supercritical isopropanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Ioni
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Popova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Maksimov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Kozerozhets
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Li L, Wang S, Duan X, Wang Z, Chang KC. Targeted Chemical Processing Initiating Biosome Action-Potential-Matched Artificial Synapses for the Brain-Machine Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40753-40761. [PMID: 37585625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
A great gap still exists between artificial synapses and their biological counterparts in operation voltage or stimulation duration. Here, an artificial synaptic device based on a thin-film transistor with an operating voltage (-50-50 mV) analogous to biological action potential is developed by targeted chemical processing with the help of supercritical fluids. Chemical molecules [hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)] are elaborately chosen and brought into the target interface to form charge receptors through supercritical processing. These charge receptors with the ability of capturing electrons mimic neurotransmitter receptors in terms of mechanism and constitute key players accounting for the synaptic behaviors. The relatively lower electrical barrier height contributes to an action-potential-matched operating voltage and considerably low power consumption (∼1 pJ/synaptic event), minimizing the divide with biological synapse for a seamless linkage to the biosystem or brain-machine interface. The stable synaptic behaviors also lead to near-ideal accuracy in pattern recognition. Moreover, this methodology that introduces chemical groups into a target interface can be viewed as a platform technology that could be adapted to other conventional devices with suitable chemical molecules to reach designed synaptic behaviors. This environmentally friendly and low-temperature processing method, which can be performed even after device fabrication, has the potential to play an important role in the future development of bionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shidong Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqing Duan
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewen Wang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Chang Chang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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Afraz MT, Xu X, Adil M, Manzoor MF, Zeng XA, Han Z, Aadil RM. Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids to Valorize Industrial Fruit and Vegetable Waste. Foods 2023; 12:2417. [PMID: 37372628 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The valorization of industrial fruit and vegetable waste has gained significant attention due to the environmental concerns and economic opportunities associated with its effective utilization. This review article comprehensively discusses the application of subcritical and supercritical fluid technologies in the valorization process, highlighting the potential benefits of these advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive compounds and unconventional oils from waste materials. Novel pressurized fluid extraction techniques offer significant advantages over conventional methods, enabling effective and sustainable processes that contribute to greener production in the global manufacturing sector. Recovered bio-extract compounds can be used to uplift the nutritional profile of other food products and determine their application in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Valorization processes also play an important role in coping with the increasing demand for bioactive compounds and natural substitutes. Moreover, the integration of spent material in biorefinery and biorefining processes is also explored in terms of energy generation, such as biofuels or electricity, thus showcasing the potential for a circular economy approach in the management of waste streams. An economic evaluation is presented, detailing the cost analysis and potential barriers in the implementation of these valorization strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers to enable the widespread adoption of these promising technologies. This, in turn, will contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy, maximizing the potential of fruit and vegetable waste as a source of valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Afraz
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Xindong Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Muhammad Adil
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Hsu MW, Chen SH, Tseng WL, Hung KS, Chung TC, Lin SC, Koo J, Hsueh YY. Physical processing for decellularized nerve xenograft in peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1217067. [PMID: 37324430 PMCID: PMC10267830 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1217067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe or complex cases of peripheral nerve injuries, autologous nerve grafts are the gold standard yielding promising results, but limited availability and donor site morbidity are some of its disadvantages. Although biological or synthetic substitutes are commonly used, clinical outcomes are inconsistent. Biomimetic alternatives derived from allogenic or xenogenic sources offer an attractive off-the-shelf supply, and the key to successful peripheral nerve regeneration focuses on an effective decellularization process. In addition to chemical and enzymatic decellularization protocols, physical processes might offer identical efficiency. In this comprehensive minireview, we summarize recent advances in the physical methods for decellularized nerve xenograft, focusing on the effects of cellular debris clearance and stability of the native architecture of a xenograft. Furthermore, we compare and summarize the advantages and disadvantages, indicating the future challenges and opportunities in developing multidisciplinary processes for decellularized nerve xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Hsu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shu Hung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jahyun Koo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Cell Therapy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- International Research Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Khodov IA, Belov KV, Krestyaninov MA, Dyshin AA, Kiselev MG. Investigation of the Spatial Structure of Flufenamic Acid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Media via 2D NOESY. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16041524. [PMID: 36837153 PMCID: PMC9961892 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for new forms of already known drug compounds is an urgent problem of high relevance as more potent drugs with fewer side effects are needed. The trifluoromethyl group in flufenamic acid renders its chemical structure differently from other fenamates. This modification is responsible for a large number of conformational polymorphs. Therefore, flufenamic acid is a promising structural modification of well-known drug molecules. An effective approach in this field is micronization, employing "green" supercritical fluid technologies. This research raises some key questions to be answered on how to control polymorphic forms during the micronization of drug compounds. The results presented in this work demonstrate the ability of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy to determine conformational preferences of small molecular weight drug compounds in solutions and fluids, which can be used to predict the polymorphic form during the micronization. Quantitative analysis was carried out to identify the conformational preferences of flufenamic acid molecules in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 medium at 25 °C and 0.1 MPa, and in mixed solvent medium containing supercritical carbon dioxide at 45 °C and 9 MPa. The data presented allows predictions of the flufenamic acid conformational preferences of poorly soluble drug compounds to obtain new micronized forms.
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Nesterov N, Pakharukova V, Cherepanova S, Yakushkin S, Gerasimov E, Balaev D, Semenov S, Dubrovskii A, Martyanov O. Synthesis of Co-Ni Alloy Particles with the Structure of a Solid Substitution Solution by Precipitation in a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4366. [PMID: 36558218 PMCID: PMC9782632 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mixed Co-Ni bimetallic systems with the structure of a solid substitution solution have been synthesized using the supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS) method, which uses supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent. The systems obtained have been characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and magnetostatic measurements. It has been found that Co-enriched systems have a defective hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, which was described by a model which embedded cubic fragments of packaging into a hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure. It has been shown that an increase in water content at the precipitation stage leads to a decrease in the size of cubic fragments and a more uniform distribution of them in Co-enriched systems. It has also been shown that mixed systems have the greatest coercivity in the line of samples. Ni-enriched bimetallic systems have a cubic close-packed (ccp) structure with modified crystal lattice parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Nesterov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera Pakharukova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Cherepanova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stanislav Yakushkin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Gerasimov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Balaev
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Sergei Semenov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Dubrovskii
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Martyanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Elmanovich IV, Sizov VE, Zefirov VV, Kalinina AA, Gallyamov MO, Papkov VS, Muzafarov AM. Chemical Recycling of High-Molecular-Weight Organosilicon Compounds in Supercritical Fluids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501564 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main known patterns of thermal and/or catalytic destruction of high-molecular-weight organosilicon compounds are considered from the viewpoint of the prospects for processing their wastes. The advantages of using supercritical fluids in plastic recycling are outlined. They are related to a high diffusion rate, efficient extraction of degradation products, the dependence of solvent properties on pressure and temperature, etc. A promising area for further research is described concerning the application of supercritical fluids for processing the wastes of organosilicon macromolecular compounds.
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Stefan DS, Popescu M, Luntraru CM, Suciu A, Belcu M, Ionescu LE, Popescu M, Iancu P, Stefan M. Comparative Study of Useful Compounds Extracted from Lophanthus anisatus by Green Extraction. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36431837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils were obtained from different parts of Agastache foeniculum (Lophanthus anisatus) plants by means of extraction: green extraction using hydro-distillation (HD) and bio-solvent distillation, BiAD, discontinuous distillation, and supercritical fluid extraction, in two stages: (1) with CO2, and (2) with CO2 and ethanol co-solvent. The extraction yields were determined. The yield values varied for different parts of the plant, as well as the method of extraction. Thus, they had the values of 0.62 ± 0.020 and 0.92 ± 0.015 g/100 g for the samples from the whole aerial plant, 0.75 ± 0.008 and 1.06 ± 0.005 g/100 g for the samples of leaves, and 1.22 ± 0.011 and 1.60 ± 0.049 g/100 g for the samples of flowers for HD and BiAD, respectively. The yield values for supercritical fluid extraction were of 0.94 ± 0.010 and 0.32 ± 0.007 g/100 g for the samples of whole aerial plant, 0.9 ± 0.010 and 1.14 ± 0.008 g/100 g for the samples of leaves, and 1.94 ± 0.030 and 0.57 ± 0.003 g/100 g for the samples of flowers, in the first and second stages, respectively. The main components of Lophanthus anisatus were identified as: estragon, limonene, eugenol, chavicol, benzaldehyde, and pentanol. The essential oil from Agatache foeniculum has antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, the Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acclimatization of Lophantus anisatus in Romania gives it special qualities by concentrating components such as: estragole over 93%, limonene over 8%, especially in flowers; and chavicol over 14%, estragole over 30%, eugenol and derivatives (methoxy eugenol, methyl eugenol, etc.) over 30% and phenyl ether alcohol over 20% in leaves. As a result of the research carried out, it was proven that Lophanthus anisatus can be used as a medicinal plant for many diseases, it can be used as a spice and preservative for various foods, etc.
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Huynh N, Beltrame G, Tarvainen M, Suomela JP, Yang B. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Triterpenoids from Chaga Sterile Conk of Inonotus obliquus. Molecules 2022; 27:1880. [PMID: 35335249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids are among the bioactive components of Chaga, the sterile conk of the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus. Supercritical fluid extraction of Chaga triterpenoids was carried out with supercritical CO2, while a modified Folch method was used as a comparison. Three temperature-pressure combinations were tested varying between 314–324 K (40–50 °C) and 281–350 bars, using time- and volume-limited extractions. Six triterpenoids were identified with GC-MS and quantified with GC-FID: ergosterol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmastanol, betulin, and inotodiol. The Folch extraction resulted in recovery of trametenolic acid, which was not extracted by supercritical CO2. Inotodiol was the major triterpenoid of all the extracts, with a yield of 87–101 mg/100 g and 139 mg/100 g, for SFEs and the Folch method, respectively. The contents of other major triterpenoids, lanosterol and ergosterol, varied in the ranges 59–63 mg/100 g and 17–18 mg/100 g by SFE, respectively. With the Folch method, the yields were 81 mg/100 g and 40 mg/100 g, respectively. The highest recovery of triterpenoids with SFE in relation to Folch was 56% and it was obtained at 324 K (50 °C) and 350 bar, regardless of extraction time or volume of CO2. The recoveries of lanosterol and stigmastanol were unaffected by SFE conditions. Despite the lower yield, SFE showed several advantages including shorter extraction time and less impact on the environment. This work could be a starting point for further studies on green extraction methods of bioactive triterpenoids from Chaga.
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13
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Bader CD, Panter F, Garcia R, Tchesnokov EP, Haid S, Walt C, Spröer C, Kiefer AF, Götte M, Overmann J, Pietschmann T, Müller R. Sandacrabins - Structurally Unique Antiviral RNA Polymerase Inhibitors from a Rare Myxobacterium. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104484. [PMID: 34990513 PMCID: PMC9306752 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structure elucidation and total synthesis of five unprecedented terpenoid‐alkaloids, the sandacrabins, are reported, alongside with the first description of their producing organism Sandaracinus defensii MSr10575, which expands the Sandaracineae family by only its second member. The genome sequence of S. defensii as presented in this study was utilized to identify enzymes responsible for sandacrabin formation, whereby dimethylbenzimidazol, deriving from cobalamin biosynthesis, was identified as key intermediate. Biological activity profiling revealed that all sandacrabins except congener A exhibit potent antiviral activity against the human pathogenic coronavirus HCoV229E in the three digit nanomolar range. Investigation of the underlying mode of action discloses that the sandacrabins inhibit the SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase complex, highlighting them as structurally distinct non‐nucleoside RNA synthesis inhibitors. The observed segregation between cell toxicity at higher concentrations and viral inhibition opens the possibility for their medicinal chemistry optimization towards selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal D Bader
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Fabian Panter
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz International Lab for anti-infectives, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ronald Garcia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Egor P Tchesnokov
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sibylle Haid
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and, The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Walt
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Inhoffenstraße 7 and German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander F Kiefer
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Götte
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Inhoffenstraße 7 and German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and, The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz International Lab for anti-infectives, Campus E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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14
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Reyes-Belmonte MA, Guédez R, Montes MJ. Bibliometric Analysis on Supercritical CO 2 Power Cycles for Concentrating Solar Power Applications. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:1289. [PMID: 34682014 DOI: 10.3390/e23101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, supercritical CO2 power cycles have received a large amount of interest due to their exceptional theoretical conversion efficiency above 50%, which is leading a revolution in power cycle research. Furthermore, this high efficiency can be achieved at a moderate temperature level, thus suiting concentrating solar power (CSP) applications, which are seen as a core business within supercritical technologies. In this context, numerous studies have been published, creating the need for a thorough analysis to identify research areas of interest and the main researchers in the field. In this work, a bibliometric analysis of supercritical CO2 for CSP applications was undertaken considering all indexed publications within the Web of Science between 1990 and 2020. The main researchers and areas of interest were identified through network mapping and text mining techniques, thus providing the reader with an unbiased overview of sCO2 research activities. The results of the review were compared with the most recent research projects and programs on sCO2 for CSP applications. It was found that popular research areas in this topic are related to optimization and thermodynamics analysis, which reflects the significance of power cycle configuration and working conditions. Growing interest in medium temperature applications and the design of sCO2 heat exchangers was also identified through density visualization maps and confirmed by a review of research projects.
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15
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Mareev EI, Sviridov AP, Gordienko VM. The Anomalous Behavior of Thermodynamic Parameters in the Three Widom Deltas of Carbon Dioxide-Ethanol Mixture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9813. [PMID: 34575970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics, we demonstrated that in the mixture of carbon dioxide and ethanol (25% molar fraction) there are three pronounced regions on the p-T diagram characterized by not only high-density fluctuations but also anomalous behavior of thermodynamic parameters. The regions are interpreted as Widom deltas. The regions were identified as a result of analyzing the dependences of density, density fluctuations, isobaric thermal conductivity, and clustering of a mixture of carbon dioxide and ethanol in a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Two of the regions correspond to the Widom delta for pure supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol, while the third region is in the immediate vicinity of the critical point of the binary mixture. The origin of these Widom deltas is a result of the large mixed linear clusters formation.
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16
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Musumeci V, Goracci G, Sanz Camacho P, Dolado JS, Aymonier C. Correlation between the Dynamics of Nanoconfined Water and the Local Chemical Environment in Calcium Silicate Hydrate Nanominerals. Chemistry 2021; 27:11309-11318. [PMID: 33999438 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate hydrates are members of a large family of minerals with layered structures containing pendant CaOH and SiOH groups that interact with confined water molecules. To rationalize the impact of the local chemical environment on the dynamics of water, SiOH- and CaOH-rich model nanocrystals were synthesized by using the continuous supercritical hydrothermal method and then systematically studied by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. In our comprehensive analysis, the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of hanging hydroxy groups can be univocally assigned to CaOH or SiOH environments, and the local chemical environment largely affects the H-bond network of the solvation water. Interestingly, the ordered "ice-like" solvation water found in the SiOH-rich environments is converted to a disordered "liquid-like" distribution in the CaOH-rich environment. This refined picture of the dynamics of confined water and hydroxy groups in calcium silicate hydrates can also be applied to other water-containing materials, with a significant impact in many fields of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Musumeci
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France.,Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Guido Goracci
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,BASKRETE-Euskampus Fundazioa, Ed. Rectorado Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Paula Sanz Camacho
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Jorge S Dolado
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600, Pessac, France
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17
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Borjan D, Knez Ž, Knez M. Recycling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites-Difficulties and Future Perspectives. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14154191. [PMID: 34361384 PMCID: PMC8347574 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced composites present an exciting combination of properties and offer clear advantages that make them a perfect replacement for a spread of materials. Consequently, in recent years, their production has dramatically increased as well as the quantity of waste materials. As future legislations are likely to prevent the use of landfills and incineration to dispose of composite waste, alternative solutions such as recycling are considered as one of the urgent problems to be settled. This study presents the leading technologies for recycling carbon fiber-reinforced composites, focusing on chemical recycling using sub- and supercritical fluids. These new reaction media have been demonstrated to be more manageable and efficient in recovering clean fibers with good mechanical properties. The conventional technologies of carbon fibers recycling have also been reviewed and described with both advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Borjan
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (Ž.K.)
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (Ž.K.)
- Laboratory for Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.B.); (Ž.K.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Biscay N, Henry L, Adschiri T, Yoshimura M, Aymonier C. Behavior of Silicon Carbide Materials under Dry to Hydrothermal Conditions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1351. [PMID: 34065490 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicon carbide materials are excellent candidates for high-performance applications due to their outstanding thermomechanical properties and their strong corrosion resistance. SiC materials can be processed in various forms, from nanomaterials to continuous fibers. Common applications of SiC materials include the aerospace and nuclear fields, where the material is used in severely oxidative environments. Therefore, it is important to understand the kinetics of SiC oxidation and the parameters influencing them. The first part of this review focuses on the oxidation of SiC in dry air according to the Deal and Grove model showing that the oxidation behavior of SiC depends on the temperature and the time of oxidation. The oxidation rate can also be accelerated with the presence of H2O in the system due to its diffusion through the oxide scales. Therefore, wet oxidation is studied in the second part. The third part details the effect of hydrothermal media on the SiC materials that has been explained by different models, namely Yoshimura (1986), Hirayama (1989) and Allongue (1992). The last part of this review focuses on the hydrothermal corrosion of SiC materials from an application point of view and determine whether it is beneficial (manufacturing of materials) or detrimental (use of SiC in latest nuclear reactors).
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19
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Trucillo P, Di Maio E. Classification and Production of Polymeric Foams among the Systems for Wound Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1608. [PMID: 34065750 PMCID: PMC8155881 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work represents an overview on types of wounds according to their definition, classification and dressing treatments. Natural and synthetic polymeric wound dressings types have been analyzed, providing a historical overview, from ancient to modern times. Currently, there is a wide choice of materials for the treatment of wounds, such as hydrocolloids, polyurethane and alginate patches, wafers, hydrogels and semi-permeable film dressings. These systems are often loaded with drugs such as antibiotics for the simultaneous delivery of drugs to prevent or cure infections caused by the exposition of blood vessel to open air. Among the presented techniques, a focus on foams has been provided, describing the most diffused branded products and their chemical, physical, biological and mechanical properties. Conventional and high-pressure methods for the production of foams for wound dressing are also analyzed in this work, with a proposed comparison in terms of process steps, efficiency and removal of solvent residue. Case studies, in vivo tests and models have been reported to identify the real applications of the produced foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trucillo
- Department of Chemical, Material and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
- IODO S.r.l., 84123 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Material and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy;
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20
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Sudiyarmanto, Kondoh E. Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Pt Alloy Thin Films Prepared by Supercritical Fluid Chemical Deposition Technique. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:E151. [PMID: 33435394 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ni-Pt alloy thin films have been successfully synthesized and characterized; the films were prepared by the supercritical fluid chemical deposition (SFCD) technique from Ni(hfac)2·3H2O and Pt(hfac)2 precursors by hydrogen reduction. The results indicated that the deposition rate of the Ni-Pt alloy thin films decreased with increasing Ni content and gradually increased as the precursor concentration was increased. The film peaks determined by X-ray diffraction shifted to lower diffraction angles with decreasing Ni content. The deposited films were single-phase polycrystalline Ni-Pt solid solution and it exhibited smooth, continuous, and uniform distribution on the substrate for all elemental compositions as determined by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses. In the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the intensity of the Pt 4f peaks of the films decreased as the Ni content increased, and vice versa for the Ni 2p peak intensities. Furthermore, based on the depth profiles determined by XPS, there was no evidence of atomic diffusion between Pt and Ni, which indicated alloy formation in the film. Therefore, Ni-Pt alloy films deposited by the SFCD technique can be used as a suitable model for catalytic reactions due to their high activity and good stability for various reactions.
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21
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Lebedev A, Suslova E, Troyankin A, Lovskaya D. Investigation of Aerogel Production Processes: Solvent Exchange under High Pressure Combined with Supercritical Drying in One Apparatus. Gels 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33466392 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to contribute to the theoretical and experimental research of supercritical processes for intensification and combination in one apparatus. Investigation is carried out to improve production technology of organic alginate aerogels. It is proposed within the investigation to carry out the solvent exchange stage, an important stage of organic aerogels production, under pressure in a carbon dioxide medium in the same apparatus used for supercritical drying. The phase behavior in the system "carbon dioxide-water-2-propanol", which arises during such a solvent exchange stage, is studied theoretically. An experimental study of the process of step-by-step solvent exchange under pressure was carried out through multiphase and homogeneous regions of the phase diagram of such a system. As a result, new highly efficient technology for the production of organic aerogels was proposed, which can be implemented by combining the two main stages of the process.
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22
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Polevaya V, Vorobei A, Gavrikov A, Matson S, Parenago O, Shishatskiy S, Khotimskiy V. Modification of Poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) in the Supercritical Fluid Medium for Selective Membrane Separation of CO 2 from Various Gas Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2468. [PMID: 33114376 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of highly permeable films of brominated 1,2-disubstituted polyacetylene, poly(4-methyl-2-penthyne), via incorporation of in situ formed butylimidazolium bromide is reported for the first time. Principal possibility and efficiency of supercritical CO2 and CHF3 use as reaction media for the corresponding process, namely for quaternization of butylimidazole by brominated polymer are revealed. As a result, we prepared new membrane materials possessing promising properties such as stability toward organic solvents, good mechanical properties and significantly improved CO2-selectivity while maintaining gas permeability at high values. Comparative analysis of the results allowed us to determine content and conditions for the incorporation of butylimidazolium groups optimal for most efficient separation of CO2 from industrial gas mixtures. These results are of interest for the designing of new CO2 selective membranes.
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23
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Reis JHO, Machado BAS, Barreto GA, Anjos JPD, Fonseca LMDS, Santos AAB, Pessoa FLP, Druzian JI. Supercritical Extraction of Red Propolis: Operational Conditions and Chemical Characterization. Molecules 2020; 25:E4816. [PMID: 33092095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the best operational conditions for obtaining red propolis extract with high antioxidant potential through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the supercritical fluid and ethanol as the cosolvent. The following parameters were studied: overall extraction curve, S/F (mass of CO2/mass of sample), cosolvent percentage (0, 1, 2 and 4%) and global yield isotherms as a function of different pressures (250, 350 and 450 bar) and temperatures (31.7, 40 and 50 °C). Within the investigated parameters, the best conditions found were an S/F of 131 and the use of ethanol at the highest concentration (4% w/w), which resulted in higher extract yields and higher content of antioxidant compounds. Formononetin, the main biomarker of red propolis, was the compound found at the highest amounts in the extracts. As expected, the temperature and pressure conditions also influenced the process yield, with 350 bar and 40 °C being the best conditions for obtaining bioactive compounds from a sample of red propolis. The novel results for red propolis found in this study show that it is possible to obtain extracts with high antioxidant potential using a clean technology under the defined conditions.
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Abstract
Thinking about water is inextricably linked to hydrogen bonds, which are highly directional in character and determine the unique structure of water, in particular its tetrahedral H-bond network. Here, we assess if this common connotation also holds for supercritical water. We employ extensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to systematically monitor the evolution of the H-bond network mode of water from room temperature, where it is the hallmark of its fluctuating three-dimensional network structure, to supercritical conditions. Our simulations reveal that the oscillation period required for H-bond vibrations to occur exceeds the lifetime of H-bonds in supercritical water by far. Instead, the corresponding low-frequency intermolecular vibrations of water pairs as seen in supercritical water are found to be well represented by isotropic van-der-Waals interactions only. Based on these findings, we conclude that water in its supercritical phase is not a H-bonded fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schienbein
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum44780BochumGermany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum44780BochumGermany
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25
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Klettenhammer S, Ferrentino G, Morozova K, Scampicchio M. Novel Technologies Based on Supercritical Fluids for the Encapsulation of Food Grade Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:E1395. [PMID: 33023107 PMCID: PMC7601192 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for nutritive, functional and healthy foods has increased. This trend has induced the food industry to investigate novel technologies able to produce ingredients with enhanced functional and physicochemical properties. Among these technologies, one of the most promising is the encapsulation based on supercritical fluids. Thanks to the inherent absence of organic solvent, the low temperature of the process to reach a supercritical state and the capacity to dissolve lipid soluble bioactives, the encapsulation with supercritical carbon dioxide represents a green technology to produce several functional ingredients, with enhanced stability, high load and tailored protection from environmental factors. Furthermore, from the fine-tuning of the process parameters like temperature, pressure and flow rate, the resulting functional ingredient can be easily designed to tailor the controlled release of the bioactive, or to reach specific levels of taste, odor and color. Accordingly, the aim of the present review is to summarize the state of the art of the techniques based on supercritical carbon dioxide for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds of food interest. Pros and cons of such techniques will be highlighted, giving emphasis to their innovative aspects that could be of interest to the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (K.M.); (M.S.)
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26
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Prothmann J, Li K, Hulteberg C, Spégel P, Sandahl M, Turner C. Nontargeted Analysis Strategy for the Identification of Phenolic Compounds in Complex Technical Lignin Samples. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:4605-4612. [PMID: 32468723 PMCID: PMC7540015 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature and a promising renewable resource for aromatic chemicals. For the understanding of different lignin isolation and conversion processes, the identification of phenolic compounds is of importance. However, given the vast number of possible chemical transformations, the prediction of produced phenolic structures is challenging and a nontargeted analysis method is therefore needed. In this study, a nontargeted analysis method has been developed for the identification of phenolic compounds by using an ultrahigh-performance supercritical fluid chromatography-high-resolution multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry method, combined with a Kendrick mass defect-based classification model. The method is applied to a Lignoboost Kraft lignin (LKL), a sodium lignosulfonate lignin (SLS), and a depolymerized Kraft lignin (DKL) sample. In total, 260 tentative phenolic compounds are identified in the LKL sample, 50 in the SLS sample, and 77 in the DKL sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Prothmann
- Lund UniversityDepartment of ChemistryCentre for Analysis and SynthesisP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Kena Li
- Lund UniversityDepartment of Chemical EngineeringP.O. Box 12421100LundSweden
| | - Christian Hulteberg
- Lund UniversityDepartment of Chemical EngineeringP.O. Box 12421100LundSweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Lund UniversityDepartment of ChemistryCentre for Analysis and SynthesisP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Lund UniversityDepartment of ChemistryCentre for Analysis and SynthesisP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund UniversityDepartment of ChemistryCentre for Analysis and SynthesisP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
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Ustinovich KB, Ivanov VV, Tokunov YM, Loshkarev AA, Sapronova NI, Vorobei AM, Parenago OO, Kiselev MG. Study of Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes Modified by the Method of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Suspensions. Molecules 2020; 25:E4061. [PMID: 32899530 PMCID: PMC7570609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of carbon nanotubes (CNT) deagglomeration by rapid expansion of supercritical suspensions (RESS) in nitrogen and carbon dioxide fluids was studied in this work. Two different mechanisms of deagglomeration were proposed for these two fluids at various temperature and pressure conditions. Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy was applied as an express method of determining median diameter and aspect ratio of CNTs. At least twofold reduction of the diameter was shown for CNT bundles processed by RESS technique. Aspect ratio of processed CNTs, calculated from acoustic attenuation spectra, increased to 340. These results were in a good agreement with atomic force microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin B. Ustinovich
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Victor V. Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Yurij M. Tokunov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Loshkarev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Natalya I. Sapronova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (V.V.I.); (Y.M.T.); (A.A.L.); (N.I.S.)
| | - Anton M. Vorobei
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
| | - Olga O. Parenago
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.U.); (A.M.V.); (O.O.P.)
- Chemical Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael G. Kiselev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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28
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Uwineza PA, Waśkiewicz A. Recent Advances in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plant Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173847. [PMID: 32847101 PMCID: PMC7504334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances in greener technology for extracting natural bioactive components from plant origin sources are discussed. Bioactive compounds of plant origin have been defined as natural chemical compounds present in small amounts in plants. Researchers have shown interest in extracting bioactive compounds because of their human health benefits and characteristics of being eco-friendly and generally recognized as safe. Various new extraction methods and conventional extraction methods have been developed, however, until now, no unique approach has been presented as a benchmark for extracting natural bioactive compounds from plants. The selectivity and productivity of traditional and modern extraction techniques generally depend on selecting the critical input parameters, knowing the nature of plant-based samples, the structure of bioactive compounds, and good scientific skills. This work aims to discuss the recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction techniques, especially supercritical carbon dioxide, along with the fundamental principles for extracting bioactive compounds from natural plant materials such as herbs, spices, aromatic and medicinal plants.
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29
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Casciato MJ, Levitin G, Hess DW, Grover MA. Retraction: Synthesis of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Micro- and Nanoparticles via a Continuous-Flow Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3940. [PMID: 38031380 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
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30
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Escobar ELN, da Silva TA, Pirich CL, Corazza ML, Pereira Ramos L. Supercritical Fluids: A Promising Technique for Biomass Pretreatment and Fractionation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:252. [PMID: 32391337 PMCID: PMC7191036 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomasses are primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and these biopolymers are bonded together in a heterogeneous matrix that is highly recalcitrant to chemical or biological conversion processes. Thus, an efficient pretreatment technique must be selected and applied to this type of biomass in order to facilitate its utilization in biorefineries. Classical pretreatment methods tend to operate under severe conditions, leading to sugar losses by dehydration and to the release of inhibitory compounds such as furfural (2-furaldehyde), 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfural (5-HMF), and organic acids. By contrast, supercritical fluids can pretreat lignocellulosic materials under relatively mild pretreatment conditions, resulting in high sugar yields, low production of fermentation inhibitors and high susceptibilities to enzymatic hydrolysis while reducing the consumption of chemicals, including solvents, reagents, and catalysts. This work presents a review of biomass pretreatment technologies, aiming to deliver a state-of-art compilation of methods and results with emphasis on supercritical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie Laura Nottar Escobar
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alessandre da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cleverton Luiz Pirich
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lúcio Corazza
- Applied Kinetics and Thermodynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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31
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Yousefi N, Maala JJ, Louie M, Storback J, Kaake LG. Physical Supercritical Fluid Deposition: Patterning Solution Processable Materials on Curved and Flexible Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17949-17956. [PMID: 32207971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide the initial demonstration of a general thin film deposition technique that leverages the unique solubility properties of supercritical fluids. The technique is the solution-phase analogue of physical vapor deposition and allows thin films of a semiconducting polymer to be grown without the need for in situ chemical reactions. Film growth is approximately linear with time, indicating that film thickness can be controlled in a straightforward manner by varying the time of deposition. To further demonstrate the flexibility of the technique, we demonstrate precise control over the location of material deposition using a combination of photolithography and resistive heating. The potential for scalable manufacturing is demonstrated by use of a master to control deposition onto a flexible polymer film. Finally, we demonstrate a unique deposition capability of this technique by depositing patterns onto the curved interior of a hemisphere made from a silicone elastomer. This capability is not possible with any printing or line-of-sight deposition technique. More generally, the ability to control the deposition of solution processed materials with high accuracy provides the long sought after bridge between top-down and bottom-up self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Janneus J Maala
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mikayla Louie
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacob Storback
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Loren G Kaake
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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32
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Alli U, Hettiarachchi SJ, Kellici S. Chemical Functionalisation of 2D Materials by Batch and Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis. Chemistry 2020; 26:6447-6460. [PMID: 32162724 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2D materials are single or few layered materials consisting of one or several elements with a thickness of a few nanometres. Their unique, tuneable physical and chemical properties including ease of chemical functionalisation makes this class of materials useful in a variety of technological applications. The feasibility of 2D materials strongly depends on better synthetic approaches to improve properties, increase performance, durability and reduce costs. As such, in the synthesis of nanomaterials, hydrothermal processes are widely adopted through a precursor-product synthesis route. This method includes batch or continuous flow systems, both employing water at elevated temperatures (above boiling point) and pressures to fine-tune the physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties of the nanomaterial. Both techniques yield particles with different morphology, size and surface area due to different mechanisms of particle formation. In this Minireview, we present batch and continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of a selection of 2D derivatives (graphene, MXene and molybdenum disulfide), their chemical functionalisation as an advantageous approach in exploring properties of these materials as well as the benefits and challenges of employing these processes, and an outlook for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthman Alli
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil J Hettiarachchi
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Suela Kellici
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
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33
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Abstract
In recent years, the use of green solvents in enzyme catalysis of lipophilic compounds is achieving increasing interest from different perspectives. Conducting reactions under supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and other green solvents affords opportunities to overcome problems associated with the lack of solubility of lipids in conventional solvents and the poor miscibility of substrates. Research on the biocatalytic production of modified lipids in the framework of green chemistry is conducted to improve the efficiency of obtaining the desired products as well as the selectivity, stability, and activity of the enzymatic systems. This overview describes the fundamentals and characteristics of several types of green solvents, the main variables involved in enzymatic processes, and examples and applications in the field of lipid modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vázquez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Celia Bañares
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Carlos F Torres
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail:
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: .,Department of Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI (UAM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Abstract
Nitridophosphates are a well-studied class of compounds with high structural diversity. However, their synthesis is quite challenging, particularly due to the limited thermal stability of starting materials like P3 N5 . Typically, it requires even high-pressure techniques (e.g. multianvil) in most cases. Herein, we establish the ammonothermal method as a versatile synthetic tool to access nitridophosphates with different degrees of condensation. α-Li10 P4 N10 , β-Li10 P4 N10 , Li18 P6 N16 , Ca2 PN3 , SrP8 N14 , and LiPN2 were synthesized in supercritical NH3 at temperatures and pressures up to 1070 K and 200 MPa employing ammonobasic conditions. The products were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, we established red phosphorus as a starting material for nitridophosphate synthesis instead of commonly used and not readily available precursors, such as P3 N5 . This opens a promising preparative access to the emerging compound class of nitridophosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mallmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wendl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schnick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13 (D), 81377, Munich, Germany
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35
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Lovskaya D, Menshutina N. Alginate-Based Aerogel Particles as Drug Delivery Systems: Investigation of the Supercritical Adsorption and In Vitro Evaluations. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E329. [PMID: 31936834 PMCID: PMC7014114 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the preparation of alginate-based aerogels in the form of particles for their further study as potential drug delivery systems (solid dosage forms). The dripping method was used to prepare certain gel particles, and supercritical drying was used to obtain final alginate-based aerogel particles. Three model active substances (ketoprofen, nimesulide, loratadine) were impregnated into the obtained aerogels using the supercritical adsorption process. Using the method of X-ray analysis, it was shown that the in the obtained drug-loaded aerogels the corresponding active substances are in an amorphous state, and the stability of this state after six months of storage is confirmed. In vitro dissolution tests for obtained drug-loaded aerogels was performed. For each sample, an appropriate dissolution medium (with certain pH) was determined. In vitro investigations showed the increasing of the release rate for all model active substances. Time was required to release and dissolve 50% of the active drug from drug-loaded aerogels (T1/2), reduced in comparison with pure active drugs in crystalline form. Obtained results provide insight into the application of alginate-based aerogel particles as a drug delivery system to improve pharmacokinetic properties of certain active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Lovskaya
- International Center for transfer of Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125480, Russia;
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36
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Anisimova NY, Zalepugin DY, Chernyshova IV, Maksimkin AV, Kiselevskii MV, Senatov FS, Spirina TS, Sitdikova SM, Karaulov AV. Antibacterial Activity of Hybrid Polymeric Scaffold for Reconstruction of Tubular Bone Defects. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 168:58-61. [PMID: 31768778 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We studied antibacterial activity of a hybrid polymeric construction consisting of continuous and porous layers of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene reinforced by titanium. Experimental samples were impregnated with amoxycillin in subcritical Freon R22. The contact of bacterial culture with hybrid polymeric constructions saturated with amoxycillin suppressed the growth of microorganisms and the formation of their colonies. These results attest to the presence of a bactericidal effect of hybrid scaffold samples impregnated with an antibacterial component.
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37
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Chakravarty P, Famili A, Nagapudi K, Al-Sayah MA. Using Supercritical Fluid Technology as a Green Alternative During the Preparation of Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E629. [PMID: 31775292 PMCID: PMC6956038 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nano-carrier formulations have been developed as drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that suffer from poor physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Encapsulating the APIs in such systems can help improve their stability by protecting them from harsh conditions such as light, oxygen, temperature, pH, enzymes, and others. Consequently, the API's dissolution rate and bioavailability are tremendously improved. Conventional techniques used in the production of these drug carrier formulations have several drawbacks, including thermal and chemical stability of the APIs, excessive use of organic solvents, high residual solvent levels, difficult particle size control and distributions, drug loading-related challenges, and time and energy consumption. This review illustrates how supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies can be superior in controlling the morphology of API particles and in the production of drug carriers due to SCF's non-toxic, inert, economical, and environmentally friendly properties. The SCF's advantages, benefits, and various preparation methods are discussed. Drug carrier formulations discussed in this review include microparticles, nanoparticles, polymeric membranes, aerogels, microporous foams, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (P.C.); (K.N.)
| | - Amin Famili
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (P.C.); (K.N.)
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Sayah
- Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. So. San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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38
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Sun Z, Fan Q, Zhang M, Liu S, Tao H, Texter J. Supercritical Fluid-Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901084. [PMID: 31572648 PMCID: PMC6760473 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the first intercalation of layered silicates by using supercritical CO2 as a processing medium, considerable efforts have been dedicated to intercalating and exfoliating layered two-dimensional (2D) materials in various supercritical fluids (SCFs) to yield single- and few-layer nanosheets. Here, recent work in this area is highlighted. Motivating factors for enhancing exfoliation efficiency and product quality in SCFs, mechanisms for exfoliation and dispersion in SCFs, as well as general metrics applied to assess quality and processability of exfoliated 2D materials are critically discussed. Further, advances in formation and application of 2D material-based composites with assistance from SCFs are presented. These discussions address chemical transformations accompanying SCF processing such as doping, covalent surface modification, and heterostructure formation. Promising features, challenges, and routes to expanding SCF processing techniques are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Qun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Mingli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Shizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Hengcong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering TechnologyEastern Michigan UniversityYpsilantiMI48197USA
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39
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Ruttinger AW, Pálsdóttir A, Tester JW, Clancy P. A Quantitative Metric for the Design of Selective Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Lithium from Geothermal Brine. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3532-3540. [PMID: 31251455 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As demand grows for lithium, its recovery from geothermal brines provides an attractive alternative to slow mining. One promising extraction method uses crown ethers as extractants in supercritical carbon dioxide with cation exchangers to facilitate extraction from brine. Molecular dynamics modeling is used to understand the mechanism of binding between lithium (or sodium) and combinations of 14-crown-4 ethers and cation exchangers, and the predictive capability of computational modeling to test lithium selectivity is established for four combinations of crown ethers [methylene-14-crown-4 (M14C4) and a fluorinated 14-crown-4 (F14C4)] and cation exchangers [di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and tetraethylammonium perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (TPFOS)]. Binding free energies (given in kcal mol-1 ) of lithium and sodium, respectively, to crown ether-cation exchangers are 85 and 71 for M14C4-HDEHP, 90 and 71 for F14C4-HDEHP, 93 and 80 for M14C4-TPFOS, and 104 and 93 for F14C4-TPFOS. Good agreement is found between computational predictions and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction experiments at 60 °C and 250 bar. Binding free energy gives a suitable metric to describe extraction efficiency. Differences in the binding free energies of sodium and lithium to crown ethers determine the extraction selectivity. Fluorine groups are found to exert a positive influence to optimize extraction efficiency. Of the systems studied, F14C4 with TPFOS offers the most selective and efficient extraction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Ruttinger
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arna Pálsdóttir
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jefferson W Tester
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell Energy Systems Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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40
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Shi C, Huang H, Xia Y, Yu J, Fang R, Liang C, Zhang J, Gan Y, Zhang W. Importing Tin Nanoparticles into Biomass-Derived Silicon Oxycarbides with High-Rate Cycling Capability Based on Supercritical Fluid Technology. Chemistry 2019; 25:7719-7725. [PMID: 30972842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Silicon oxycarbides (SiOC) are regarded as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, although inferior cycling stability and rate performance greatly limit their practical applications. Herein, amorphous SiOC is synthesized from Chlorella by means of a biotemplate method based on supercritical fluid technology. On this basis, tin particles with sizes of several nanometers are introduced into the SiOC matrix through the biosorption feature of Chlorella. As lithium-ion battery anodes, SiOC and Sn@SiOC can deliver reversible capacities of 440 and 502 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 100 mA g-1 with great cycling stability. Furthermore, as-synthesized Sn@SiOC presents an excellent high-rate cycling capability, which exhibits a reversible capacity of 209 mAh g-1 after 800 cycles at 5000 mA g-1 ; this is 1.6 times higher than that of SiOC. Such a novel approach has significance for the preparation of high-performance SiOC-based anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiage Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ruyi Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chu Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Gan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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41
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Galebach PH, Thompson S, Wittrig AM, Buchanan JS, Huber GW. Investigation of the Reaction Pathways of Biomass-Derived Oxygenate Conversion into Monoalcohols in Supercritical Methanol with CuMgAl-Mixed-Metal Oxide. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:4007-4017. [PMID: 30291806 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reaction pathways for the conversion of cellulose into C2 -C6 monoalcohols by supercritical methanol depolymerization and hydrodeoxygenation (SCM-DHDO) over a CuMgAl oxide catalyst have been elucidated using a range of model compounds. SCM-DHDO of intermediate oxygenates including glycerol, methyl lactate, and 1,2-ethanediol produces similar products as those produced from the SCM-DHDO of cellulose. The pathway to C2 -C6 monoalcohols occurs through rapid C-C coupling reactions between methanol and diols followed by C-C scission between vicinal alcohol groups to produce two monoalcohols. Methyl-branched monoalcohols are produced through a methyl shift in a secondary diol followed by dehydration. Esters are produced by dehydrogenative coupling between an adsorbed methoxy and a primary alcohol. Both dehydrogenation to a ketone and esterification to a methyl ester are in equilibrium with the corresponding alcohol and were reversible. Dehydration of diols is the slowest observed reaction and not a main pathway to monoalcohols. SCM-DHDO of glucose, dihydroxyacetone, and cellulose all produced similar high molecular weight species indicating that condensation of intermediates can produce undesired side products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Galebach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Sean Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Ashley M Wittrig
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, 3545 Route 22 East Clinton Township, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - J Scott Buchanan
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, 3545 Route 22 East Clinton Township, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Tekin K, Hao N, Karagoz S, Ragauskas AJ. Ethanol: A Promising Green Solvent for the Deconstruction of Lignocellulose. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:3559-3575. [PMID: 30152117 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing energy demand, environmental impact, energy security issues, and rural economic development have encouraged the development of sustainable renewable fuels. Nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is a suitable source for sustainable energy because the biomass feedstocks are low cost, abundant, and carbon neutral. Recent thermochemical conversion studies are frequently directed at converting biomass into high-quality liquid fuel precursors or chemicals in a single step. Supercritical ethanol has been selected as a promising solvent medium to deconstruct lignocellulosic biomass because ethanol has extraordinary solubility towards lignocellulosic biomass and can be resourced from cellulosic ethanol facilities. This review provides a critical insight into both catalytic and noncatalytic strategies of lignocellulose deconstruction. In this context, the supercritical ethanol deconstruction pathways are thoroughly reviewed; GC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis strategies towards liquid biomass deconstruction products are also critically presented. This review aims to provide readers a broad and accurate roadmap of novel biomass to biofuel conversion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Tekin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Karabük University, Karabük, 78050, Turkey
| | - Naijia Hao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
| | - Selhan Karagoz
- Department of Chemistry, Karabük University, Karabük, 78050, Turkey
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
- Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, 37916, USA
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43
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Abstract
This review discusses recent developments in the manufacture of inhalable dry powder formulations. Pulmonary drugs have distinct advantages compared with other drug administration routes. However, requirements of drugs properties complicate the manufacture. Control over crystallization to make particles with the desired properties in a single step is often infeasible, which calls for micronization techniques. Although spray drying produces particles in the desired size range, a stable solid state may not be attainable. Supercritical fluids may be used as a solvent or antisolvent, which significantly reduces solvent waste. Future directions include application areas such as biopharmaceuticals for dry powder inhalers and new processing strategies to improve the control over particle formation such as continuous manufacturing with in-line process analytical technologies.
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Zhao H. Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of Polylactones: Roles of Non-Aqueous Solvents. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2018; 93:9-19. [PMID: 31929672 PMCID: PMC6953973 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters such as polylactides (PLAs) and other polylactones are thermoplastic, renewable and biocompatible polymers with high potentials to replace petro-chemical-based synthetic polymers. A benign route for synthesizing these polyesters is through the enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reaction; this type of enzymatic process is very sensitive to reaction conditions such as solvents, water content and temperature. This review systematically discusses the crucial roles of different solvents (such as solvent-free or in bulk, organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and aqueous biphasic systems) on the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. In general, many studies suggest that hydrophobic organic solvents with minimum water contents lead to efficient enzymatic polymerization and subsequently high molecular weights of polyesters; the selection of solvents is also limited by the reaction temperature, e.g. the ROP of lactide is often conducted at above 100 °C, therefore, the solvent typically needs to have its boiling point above this temperature. The use of supercritical fluids could be limited by its scaling-up potential, while ionic liquids have exhibited many advantages include their low-volatility, high thermal stability, controllable enzyme-compatibility, and a wide range of choices. However, the fundamental and mechanistic understanding of the specific roles of ionic liquids in enzymatic ROP reactions is still lacking. Furthermore, the lipase specificity towards l- and d-lactide is also surveyed, followed by the discussion of engineered lipases with improved enantioselectivity and thermal stability. In addition, the preparation of polyester-derived materials such as polyester-grafted cellulose by the enzymatic ROP method is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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45
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Abstract
Research has focused on the study and design of new products containing phytochemicals (polyphenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins, among others) that contribute to a better life quality for consumers, as well as techniques to improve the extraction of these compounds. In this regard, extraction with supercritical fluids (usually CO2) is a technology that has better advantages than organic solvents, since lower temperatures that are used do not damage the product, and is more effective at high pressures. Extracts from plant sources contain significant concentrations of flavonols, one of the main compounds being kaempferol. Research has proven the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and antimicrobial properties of kaempferol and its glycosides. This review aims to present the main functional properties and extraction with supercritical fluids of kaempferol and its glycosides, as well as the application of this technology in the food area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Cid-Ortega
- Technological University of Izúcar de Matamoros (UTIM), Department of Food Process Engineering, Prolongación Reforma No. 168, Barrio de Santiago Mihuacán 74420, Izúcar de Matamoros, Puebla, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Monroy-Rivera
- Technological National of Mexico/Technological Institute of Veracruz, Research and Development Unit in Foods (UNIDA), Calzada Miguel Ángel de Quevedo No. 2779, Formando Hogar 91897, Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico
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46
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Kuchurov IV, Zharkov MN, Fershtat LL, Makhova NN, Zlotin SG. Prospective Symbiosis of Green Chemistry and Energetic Materials. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:3914-3946. [PMID: 28682509 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A global increase in environmental pollution demands the development of new "cleaner" chemical processes. Among urgent improvements, the replacement of traditional hydrocarbon-derived toxic organic solvents with neoteric solvents less harmful for the environment is one of the most vital issues. As a result of the favorable combination of their unique properties, ionic liquids (ILs), dense gases, and supercritical fluids (SCFs) have gained considerable attention as suitable green chemistry media for the preparation and modification of important chemical compounds and materials. In particular, they have a significant potential in a specific and very important area of research associated with the manufacture and processing of high-energy materials (HEMs). These large-scale manufacturing processes, in which hazardous chemicals and extreme conditions are used, produce a huge amount of hard-to-dispose-of waste. Furthermore, they are risky to staff, and any improvements that would reduce the fire and explosion risks of the corresponding processes are highly desirable. In this Review, useful applications of almost nonflammable ILs, dense gases, and SCFs (first of all, CO2 ) for nitration and other reactions used for manufacturing HEMs are considered. Recent advances in the field of energetic (oxygen-balanced and hypergolic) ILs are summarized. Significant attention is paid to the SCF-based micronization techniques, which improve the energetic performance of HEMs through an efficient control of the morphology and particle size distribution of the HEM fine particles, and to useful applications of SCFs in HEM processing that makes them less hazardous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kuchurov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Zharkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina N Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G Zlotin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russia
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Oliveira GE, Pinto JF. Evaluation of the Potential Use of Laminar Extrudates on Stabilizing Micronized Coumarin Particles by Supercritical Fluids (RESS)-Study of Different RESS Processing Variables and Mode of Operation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2792-2807. [PMID: 28382603 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluates the ability of extrudates to deliver coumarin particles micronized by the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS). The RESS parameters were drug load (2-50 g), pressure (15-42 MPa) and temperature (40-60°C) in the extraction and pressure in the expansion (0.1-5 MPa) chambers in batch or continuous and CO2 flow rate in the continuous mode of operation. Particles were characterized for size (laser diffractometry, optical and electronic microscopies-19-61 μm), surface area (BET-0.282-0.423 m2/g), density (pycnometry-1.273-1.358 g/cm3) and yield (2-70%). Extrudates were characterized for the force of extrusion (4 kN), release of coumarin (100%/24 h) and mechanical properties (bending strength and stiffness increased, whereas elasticity decreased in storage) and X-ray diffractometry (micronized particles and extrudates have shown identical patterns) and calorimetry (DSC, enthalpies increased on storage). In the discontinuous mode of operation, increased loads in the extraction or increased pressure in the expansion chambers led to larger particles, whereas increased temperature and pressure in the extraction chamber led to smaller particles. In the continuous mode of operation, a decrease on the expansion pressure, load and CO2 flow rate led to increased yields. An increase on the flow rate led to a decrease on the particles' diameter, but an increase on coumarin load in the extraction chamber led to an increase in diameter. The study has identified the key parameters in RESS continuous and discontinuous modes of operation affecting the properties of the micronized coumarin particles and has proved the ability of extrudates with a laminar shape on delivering micronized particles.
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Melchaeva O, Voyame P, Bassetto VC, Prokein M, Renner M, Weidner E, Petermann M, Battistel A. Electrochemical Reduction of Protic Supercritical CO 2 on Copper Electrodes. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:3660-3670. [PMID: 28782922 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is usually studied in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions. However, the main disadvantages of this method are high hydrogen evolution and low faradaic efficiencies of carbon-based products. Supercritical CO2 (scCO2 ) can be used as a solvent itself to suppresses hydrogen evolution and tune the carbon-based product yield; however, it has received little attention for this purpose. Therefore, the focus of this study was on the electrochemical reduction of scCO2 . The conductivity of scCO2 was increased through the addition of supporting electrolyte and a cosolvent (acetonitrile). Furthermore, the addition of protic solutions of different pH to scCO2 was investigated. 1 m H2 SO4 , trifluoroethanol, H2 O, KOH, and CsHCO3 solutions were used to determine the effect on current density, faradaic efficiency, and selectivity of the scCO2 reduction. The reduction of scCO2 to methanol and ethanol are reported for the first time. However, methane and ethylene were not observed. Additionally, corrosion of the Cu electrode was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Melchaeva
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA), EPFL Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
- Institute for Particle Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Patrick Voyame
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA), EPFL Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Victor Costa Bassetto
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA), EPFL Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michael Prokein
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Manfred Renner
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Weidner
- Institute for Particle Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Marcus Petermann
- Institute for Particle Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alberto Battistel
- Laboratory of Physical and Analytical Electrochemistry (LEPA), EPFL Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950, Sion, Switzerland
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49
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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50
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Li HY, Tseng CM, Yang CH, Lee TC, Su CY, Hsieh CT, Chang JK. Eco-Efficient Synthesis of Highly Porous CoCO 3 Anodes from Supercritical CO 2 for Li + and Na + Storage. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:2464-2472. [PMID: 28318144 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An eco-efficient synthetic route for the preparation of high-performance carbonate anodes for Li+ and Na+ batteries is developed. With supercritical CO2 (scCO2 ) as the precursor, which has gas-like diffusivity, extremely low viscosity, and near-zero surface tension, CoCO3 particles are uniformly formed and tightly connected on graphene nanosheets (GNSs). This synthesis can be conducted at 50 °C, which is considerably lower than the temperature required for conventional preparation methods, minimizing energy consumption. The obtained CoCO3 particles (ca. 20 nm in diameter), which have a unique interpenetrating porous structure, can increase the number of electroactive sites, promote electrolyte accessibility, shorten ion diffusion length, and readily accommodate the strain generated upon charging/discharging. With a reversible capacity of 1105 mAh g-1 , the proposed CoCO3 /GNS anode shows an excellent rate capability, as it can deliver 745 mAh g-1 in 7.5 min. More than 98 % of the initial capacity is retained after 200 cycles. These properties are clearly superior to those of previously reported CoCO3 -based electrodes for Li+ storage, indicating the merit of our scCO2 -based synthesis, which is facile, green, and can be easily scaled up for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chuan-Ming Tseng
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hsien Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Chou Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Kuei Chang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan, R.O.C
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