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Vinogradov MI, Golova LK, Makarov IS, Bondarenko GN, Levin IS, Arkharova NA, Kulichikhin VG. Transformation of Specific Dispersion Interactions between Cellulose and Polyacrylonitrile in Solutions into Covalent Interactions in Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5843. [PMID: 37687536 PMCID: PMC10489092 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Morphological transformations in emulsions of cellulose and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ternary copolymers containing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and methylsulfonate comonomers in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide were studied over the entire range of concentrations depending on temperature and intensity of the deformation action. Based on the morphological and rheological features of the system, the temperature-concentration range of spinnability of mixed solutions was determined, and composite fibers were spun. The fibers are characterized by a heterogeneous fibrillar texture. Studies of the structure of the fibers, carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, revealed a decrease in cellulose crystallinity with an increase in the content of PAN. The study of the thermal properties of the obtained fibers, carried out using DSC, and chemical transformations in them in a wide temperature range by high-temperature diffuse reflection IR spectroscopy made it possible to reveal a new intense exothermic peak on the thermograms at 360 °C, which according to the IR spectra corresponds to the transformation of intermacromolecular physical interactions of the PAN and cellulose into covalent bonds between polymers. In addition, the ester groups found during the thermal treatment of the PAN part of the composite fibers in the pyrolysis zone can have a key effect on the process of their further carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel I. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Lyudmila K. Golova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Igor S. Makarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Galina N. Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Ivan S. Levin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Natalia A. Arkharova
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valery G. Kulichikhin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
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Varfolomeeva LA, Skvortsov IY, Levin IS, Shandryuk GA, Patsaev TD, Kulichikhin VG. Polyacrylonitrile Fibers with a Gradient Silica Distribution as Precursors of Carbon-Silicon-Carbide Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112579. [PMID: 37299378 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents preparing and characterization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers containing various content of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) incorporated via mutual spinning solution or emulsion using wet and mechanotropic spinning methods. It was shown that the presence of TEOS in dopes does not affect their rheological properties. The coagulation kinetics of complex PAN solution was investigated by optical methods on the solution drop. It was shown that during the interdiffusion process phase separation occurs and TEOS droplets form and move in the middle of the dope's drop. Mechanotropic spinning induces the TEOS droplets to move to the fiber periphery. The morphology and structure of the fibers obtained were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction methods. It was shown that during fiber spinning stages the transformation of the TEOS drops into solid silica particles takes place as a result of hydrolytic polycondensation. This process can be characterized as the sol-gel synthesis. The formation of nano-sized (3-30 nm) silica particles proceeds without particles aggregation, but in a mode of the distribution gradient along the fiber cross-section leading to the accumulation of the silica particles either in the fiber center (wet spinning) or in the fiber periphery (mechanotropic spinning). The prepared composite fibers were carbonized and according to XRD analysis of carbon fibers, the clear peaks corresponding to SiC were observed. These findings indicate the useful role of TEOS as a precursor agent for both, silica in PAN fibers and silicon carbide in carbon fibers that has potential applications in some advanced materials with high thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A Varfolomeeva
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Yu Skvortsov
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Levin
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgiy A Shandryuk
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey D Patsaev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery G Kulichikhin
- A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Av. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Ostertag B, Ross AE. Wet-Spun Porous Carbon Microfibers for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17601-17611. [PMID: 36989172 PMCID: PMC10316334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel copolymer-based, uniform porous carbon microfiber (PCMF) formed via wet-spinning for significantly improved electrochemical detection. Carbon fiber (CF), fabricated from a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor, is commonly used in batteries or for electrochemical detection of neurochemicals due to its biplanar geometry and desirable edge plane sites with high surface free energy and defects for enhanced analyte interactions. Recently, the presence of pores within carbon materials has presented interesting electrochemistry leading to detection improvements; however, there is currently no method to uniformly create pores on a carbon microfiber surface impacting a broad range of electrochemical applications. Here, we synthesized controllable porous carbon fibers from a spinning dope of the copolymers PAN and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in dimethylformamide via wet spinning for the first time. PMMA serves as a sacrificial block introducing macropores of increased edge-plane character on the fiber. Methods were optimized to produce porous CFs at similar dimensions to traditional CF. We prove that an increase in porosity enhances the degree of disorder on the surface, resulting in significantly improved detection capabilities with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Local trapping of analytes at porous geometries enables electrochemical reversibility with improved sensitivity, linear range of detection, and measurement temporal resolution. Overall, we demonstrate the utility of a copolymer synthetic method for PCMF fabrication, providing a stable, controlled macroporous fiber framework with enhanced edge plane character. This work will significantly advance fundamental investigations of how pores and edge plane sites influence electrochemical detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Ostertag
- University of Cincinnati Department of Chemistry 312 College Dr. 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati Department of Chemistry 312 College Dr. 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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Vinod A, Pulikkalparambil H, Jagadeesh P, Rangappa SM, Siengchin S. Recent advancements in lignocellulose biomass-based carbon fiber: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13614. [PMID: 37101468 PMCID: PMC10123159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing need to reduce the global carbon footprint has prompted all sectors to make significant efforts in this direction. For example, there has been much focus on green carbon fiber sustainability. For example, it was found that the polyaromatic heteropolymer lignin might act as an intermediary in synthesising carbon fiber. Biomass is seen as a potential carbon accommodated solid natural sources that protects the nature and has a big overall supply and widespread distribution. With growing environmental concern in recent years, biomass has gained appeal as a raw material for production of carbon fibers. Especially, the positives of lignin material include its reasonable budget, sustainability, and higher carbon content, which makes it a dominating precursor. This review has examined a variety of bio precursors that help produce lignin and have higher lignin concentrations. In addition, there has been much research on plant sources, lignin types, factors affecting carbon fiber synthesis, spinning methods, stabilization, carbonization, and activation the characterisation techniques used for the lignin carbon fiber to comprehend the structure and features. In addition, an overview of the applications that use lignin carbon fiber has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Vinod
- Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Harikrishnan Pulikkalparambil
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Praveenkumara Jagadeesh
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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Development of Porous-Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibers Using Nanocellulose Additives as Precursor for Carbon Fiber Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030565. [PMID: 36771866 PMCID: PMC9920794 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is a renewable and environmentally friendly raw material that has an important economic and technical impact in several applications. Recently, nanocellulose (NC) presented a promising road to support the manufacturing of functional carbon fibers (CFs), which are considered superior materials for several applications because of their outstanding properties. However, the smooth and limited effective surface areas make CFs virtually useless in some applications, such as energy storage. Therefore, strategies to increase the porosity of CFs are highly desirable to realize their potential. Within this article, we present an approach that focuses on the designing of porous CF precursors using polyacrilonitrile (PAN) and NC additives using a wet spinning method. To enhance the porosity, two jet stretching (50% and 100%) and four NC additive amounts (0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.4 wt.% and 0.8 wt.%) have been applied and investigated. In comparison with the reference PAN fibers (without NC additives and stretching), the results showed an increase in specific surface area from 10.45 m2/g to 138.53 m2/g and in total pore volume from 0.03 cm3/g to 0.49 cm3/g. On the other hand, mechanical properties have been affected negatively by NC additives and the stretching process. Stabilization and carbonization processes could be applied in a future study to support the production of multifunctional porous CF.
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Melt-Spinnable Polyacrylonitrile-An Alternative Carbon Fiber Precursor. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235222. [PMID: 36501614 PMCID: PMC9738362 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes recent advances in the production of carbon fiber precursors based on melt-spun acrylonitrile copolymers. Approaches to decrease the melting point of polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile copolymers are analyzed, including copolymerization with inert comonomers, plasticization by various solvents and additives, among them the eco-friendly ways to use the carbon dioxide and ionic liquids. The methods for preliminary modification of precursors that provides the thermal oxidative stabilization of the fibers without their melting and the reduction in the stabilization duration without the loss of the mechanical characteristics of the fibers are discussed. Special attention is paid to different ways of crosslinking by irradiation with different sources. Examples of the carbon fibers preparation from melt-processable acrylonitrile copolymers are considered in detail. A patent search was carried out and the information on the methods for producing carbon fibers from precursors based on melt-spun acrylonitrile copolymers are summarized.
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Ilyin SO, Kotomin SV. Mesophase state and shear-affected phase separation of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide) solutions in N,N-dimethylacetamide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ahn H, Gwak HJ, Kim YM, Yu WR, Lee WJ, Yeo SY. Microstructure Analysis of Drawing Effect and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber According to Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132625. [PMID: 35808684 PMCID: PMC9268880 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is the most widely used carbon fiber precursor, and methyl acrylate (MA) copolymer is widely used for research and commercial purposes. The properties of P (AN-MA) fibers improve increasingly as the molecular weight increases, but high-molecular-weight materials have some limitations with respect to the manufacturing process. In this study, P (AN-MA) precursor fibers of different molecular weights were prepared and analyzed to identify an efficient carbon fiber precursor manufacturing process. The effects of the molecular weight of P (AN-MA) on its crystallinity and void structure were examined, and precursor fiber content and process optimizations with respect to molecular weight were conducted. The mechanical properties of high-molecular-weight P (AN-MA) were good, but the internal structure of the high-molecular-weight material was not the best because of differences in molecular entanglement and mobility. The structural advantages of a relatively low molecular weight were confirmed. The findings of this study can help in the manufacturing of precursor fibers and carbon fibers with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
| | - Hyeon Jung Gwak
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea;
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea;
| | - Sang Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-8040-6068
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Green and Low-Cost Natural Lignocellulosic Biomass-Based Carbon Fibers—Processing, Properties, and Applications in Sports Equipment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132591. [PMID: 35808637 PMCID: PMC9269417 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, high-performance carbon fibers (CFs) are mainly produced from petroleum-based materials. However, the high costs and environmental problems of the production process prompted the development of new precursors from natural biopolymers. This review focuses on the latest research on the conversion of natural lignocellulosic biomass into precursor fibers and CFs. The influence of the properties, advantages, separation, and extraction of lignin and cellulose (the most abundant natural biopolymers), as well as the spinning process on the final CF performance are detailed. Recent strategies to further improve the quality of such CFs are discussed. The importance and application of CFs in sports equipment manufacturing are briefly summarized. While the large-scale production of CFs from natural lignocellulosic biomass and their applications in sports equipment have not yet been realized, CFs still provide a promising market prospect as green and low-cost materials. Further research is needed to ensure the market entry of lignocellulosic biomass-based CFs.
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Improving Transverse Compressive Modulus of Carbon Fibers during Wet Spinning of Polyacrylonitrile. FIBERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fib10060054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of carbon fibers depends on the properties of the precursor polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Stretching of PAN fibers results in improved tensile properties, while potentially reducing its compressive properties. To determine optimization trade-offs, the effect of coagulation conditions and the stretching process on the compressive modulus in the transverse direction (ET) was investigated. A method for accurately determining ET from polymer fibers with non-circular cross-sectional shapes is presented. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the crystallite size, crystallinity, and crystallite orientation of the fibers. ET was found to increase with decreasing crystallite orientation along the drawing direction, which decreases the tensile modulus in the longitudinal direction (EL) proportionally to crystallite orientation. Stretching resulted in greater crystallite orientation along the drawing direction for fibers formed under the same coagulation conditions. Increasing the solvent concentration in the coagulation bath resulted in a higher average orientation, but reduced the impact of stretching on the orientation. The relationship between ET and EL observed in the precursor PAN fiber is retained after carbonization, with a 20% increase in ET achieved for a 2% decrease in EL. This indicates that controlled stretching of PAN fiber allows for highly efficient trading off of EL for ET in carbon fiber.
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Interior morphological feature of PAN nascent fibers and precursor fibers revealed by ultrathin section and solution etching. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Groetsch T, Maghe M, Rana R, Hess R, Nunna S, Herron J, Buckmaster D, Creighton C, Varley RJ. Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groetsch
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Maxime Maghe
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Rohit Rana
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ryan Hess
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nunna
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - John Herron
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Derek Buckmaster
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Claudia Creighton
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Russell J. Varley
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Pei C, Chen PY, Kong SC, Wu J, Zhu JH, Xing F. Recyclable separation and recovery of carbon fibers from CFRP composites: Optimization and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Qu W, Yang J, Sun X, Bai X, Jin H, Zhang M. Towards producing high-quality lignin-based carbon fibers: A review of crucial factors affecting lignin properties and conversion techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:768-784. [PMID: 34464641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The production of low-cost and high-quality carbon fibers (CFs) from biorenewable lignin precursors has been of worldwide interest for decades. Although numerous works have been reported and the proposed "1.72 GPa/172 GPa" target set by the Department of Energy (DOE) has been closely met in a few studies, most lignin-based CFs (LCFs) have poor strength properties compared to industrial PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based CFs. The production of LCFs involves several steps, and the final quality of LCFs is governed by both lignin's properties and the manufacturing processes. Therefore, understanding the key factors of producing high quality LCF is of high importance. In this review, we firstly outlined several lignin's properties (e.g., impurities, thermal properties, molecular structure) that may play important role in determining its processability and suitability as carbon fiber precursor. Secondly, conversion strategies include spinning, stabilization and carbonization, and corresponding parameters influencing the final quality of LCF are comprehensively analyzed. Last, additional characterization methods are proposed as a means to facilitate analyzing of lignin and LCF. This review attempts to provide insights towards high-quality LCF production from both material and manufacturing aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangda Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Jianming Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xianglan Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Hong Jin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Academy, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Currently employed by Giti Tire Manufacturing, Richburg, SC, 29729, USA.
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15
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Effect of Carbon Fiber Surface Microstructure on Composite Interfacial Property Based on Image Quantitative Characterization Technique. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216367. [PMID: 34771893 PMCID: PMC8585469 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface roughness (Ra) and composite interfacial property of carbon fiber (CF) are considered to be mainly affected by the microstructure of the CF surface. However, quantitative characterization of the CF surface microstructure is always a difficulty. How the CF surface microstructure affects the interfacial property of CF composites is not entirely clear. A quantitative characterization technique based on images was established to calculate the cross-section perimeter and area of five types of CFs, as well as the number (N), width (W) and depth (D) of grooves on these CF surfaces. The CF composite interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was tested by the micro-droplet debonding test and modified by the realistic perimeter. The relationship between the groove structure parameter and the Ra, specific surface area and composite interfacial property was discussed in this article. The results indicated that the CF cross-section perimeter calculated by this technique showed strong consistency with the CF specific surface area and composite interfacial property. At last, the composite interface bonding mechanism based on defect capture was put forward. This mechanism can be a guiding principle for CF surface modification and help researchers better understand and establish interface bonding theories.
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Lu Y, Wu L, Liu H, Guo G, Xun Q, Liu X, Ji K. Rapid and Nondestructive Determination of Polyacrylonitrile Molecular Weight by Fourier Transform near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1967370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guojian Guo
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qining Xun
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
| | - Kejian Ji
- Materials Research Department, Shandong Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Jinan, PR China
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17
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Ahn H, Wee JH, Kim YM, Yu WR, Yeo SY. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber with Dry and Wet Drawing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101613. [PMID: 34067591 PMCID: PMC8156771 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are typically used as precursor fibers for carbon fiber production, produced through wet-spinning processes. The drawing process of the spun fiber can be classified into dry and wet drawing processes. It is known that the drawing stability and stretching ratio differ depending on the drawing process; however, the elementary characteristics are approximately similar. In this study, the mechanical properties of PAN fibers have been examined based on these two drawing processes with the differences analyzed through the analysis of microstructures. Further, to examine the composition of the fiber, element analysis has been conducted, and thereafter, the microstructure of the fiber is examined through X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, the characteristics of PAN fibers and its mechanical properties has been examined according to each drawing condition. There are differences in moisture content and microstructure according to the drawing process, and it affects the tensile behavior. The results obtained could have potential implications if the processes are combined, as it could result in a design for a stable and highly efficient drawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Wee
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Sang-Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lignin addition to polyacrylonitrile copolymer solution and its effect on the properties of carbon fiber precursor. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Gao Q, Jing M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Qin J, Yu M, Wang C. From Microfibrillar Network to Lamellae during the Coagulation Process of Polyacrylonitrile Fiber: Visualization of Intermediate Structure Evolution. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Min Jing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Shengyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Meijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Chengguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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20
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Electrochemical wet-spinning process for fabricating strong PAN fibers via an in situ induced plasticizing effect. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance. FIBERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fib8060033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review a possible correlation of composition, thermal processing, and recent alternative stabilization technologies to the mechanical properties. The chemical microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is discussed in detail to understand the influence in thermomechanical properties during stabilization by observing transformation from thermoplastic to ladder polymer. In addition, relevant literature data are used to understand the comonomer composition effect on mechanical properties. Technologies of direct fiber heating by irradiation have been recently involved and hold promise to enhance performance, reduce processing time and energy consumption. Carbon fiber manufacturing can provide benefits by using higher comonomer ratios, similar to textile grade or melt-spun PAN, in order to cut costs derived from an acrylonitrile precursor, without suffering in regard to mechanical properties. Energy intensive processes of stabilization and carbonization remain a challenging field of research in order to reduce both environmental impact and cost of the wide commercialization of carbon fibers (CFs) to enable their broad application.
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22
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Gao Q, Jing M, Chen M, Zhao S, Wang Y, Qin J, Yu M, Wang C. Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within
PAN
nascent fiber and precursor fiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Min Jing
- School of Material Science and EngineeringShandong Jianzhu University Jinan China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Shengyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Meijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
| | - Chengguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Liquid‐Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Carbon Fiber, School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong University Jinan China
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23
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Soulis S, Dragatogiannis DA, Charitidis CA. A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Soulis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Dimitris A. Dragatogiannis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
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Nunna S, Blanchard P, Buckmaster D, Davis S, Naebe M. Development of a cost model for the production of carbon fibres. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02698. [PMID: 31687521 PMCID: PMC6820247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon fibre composites offer considerable potential for mass reduction in automotive applications. However, raw material cost is one of the major factors that constraints its extensive use in this mass market. Here we report a systematic study that presents the cost contributors by considering the entire process chain of the carbon fibre manufacturing. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the final cost of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor and carbon fibres were strongly influenced by tow size. It was observed that a prompt decrease in the precursor and carbon fibre cost per kg for tow sizes from 3k to 12k, later this decrement was gradual and almost became stable above 50k. Moreover, with an increase in tow size from 3k to 50k, the contribution of the precursor on the final carbon fibre cost decreased from 76.6% to 49.6%. On the other hand, the contribution of the other factors increased with increase in the tow size, for instance, labour (9.86%–17.78%), Energy (2.49%–6.48%) and Depreciation (6.11%–11.01%). Nevertheless, precursor holds the major share in determining the final price of the carbon fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nunna
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Patrick Blanchard
- Research and Product Development, Ford Motor Company, Snow Ave, Dearborn, MI, 48124, USA
| | - Derek Buckmaster
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Sam Davis
- Research and Product Development, Ford Motor Company, Snow Ave, Dearborn, MI, 48124, USA
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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25
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Gao Q, Jing M, Chen M, Zhao S, Wang W, Qin J, Wang C. Visualization of microfibrillar elements in cross-section of polyacrylonitrile fiber along the fiber spinning line. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2026-2034. [PMID: 31487086 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The microfibrils served as the structural elements in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber, which played an important role in the quality of the PAN precursor fibers. Their morphologies were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The microfibrils existed in all of PAN fibers and arranged evenly in the cross-sections. Furthermore, the pores existed between the microfibrils. The unoriented microfibrillar network was already formed in nascent fiber during coagulated process. Although the microfibrillar network was elongated and the microfibrils oriented along the fiber longitudinal direction during the spinning process, the interconnected microfibrillar network was still existed in the fiber transverse section. Furthermore, the transverse connection of the microfibrils was reinforced and the small microfibrils were tended to aggregate into the large fibrils. For mechanical performance of PAN fibers, their tensile strength increased to 708 MPa and the elongation at break decreased to 15.5%. PAN fibers exhibited ductile rupture during the mechanical test and the microfibrils served as reinforcing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Jing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengguo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Gao Q, Jing M, Wang C, Zhao S, Chen M, Qin J. Preparation of High-Quality Polyacrylonitrile Precursors for Carbon Fibers Through a High Drawing Ratio in the Coagulation Bath During a Dry-Jet Wet Spinning Process. J MACROMOL SCI B 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2018.1548074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Jing
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengguo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjie Qin
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Carbon Fiber Engineering Research Center, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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27
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Liu Q, Wang YX, Niu FX, Ma LR, Qu C, Fu SL, Chen ML. Spinnability of Polyacrylonitrile Gel Dope in the Mixed Solvent of Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Dimethylacetamide and Characterization of the Nascent Fibers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Fu Z, Liu B, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang H. Detailed Cyclization Pathways Identification of Polyacrylonitrile and Poly(acrylonitrile- co-itaconic acid) by in Situ FTIR and Two-Dimensional Correlation analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
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29
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Shi X, Wang X, Tang B, Dai Z, Chen K, Zhou J. Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin-based carbon fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Biao Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
| | - Kefu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Papermaking Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering; Dalian Polytechnic University; Dalian 116034 China
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30
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Fu Z, Liu B, Li B, Liu Y, Zhang H. Comprehensive and quantitative study on the thermal oxidative stabilization reactions in poly(acrylonitrile-co
-itaconic acid) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun 130022 China
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31
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Microwave-assisted rapid fabrication of antibacterial polyacrylonitrile microfibers/nanofibers via nitrile click chemistry and electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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32
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Grishin ID, Kurochkina DY, Grishin DF. The influence of the activating agent on the controlled synthesis of polyacrylonitrile using systems based on copper(I) bromide and tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Li W, Hao J, Zhou P, Liu Y, Lu C, Zhang Z. Solvent-solubility-parameter-dependent homogeneity and sol-gel transitions of concentrated polyacrylonitrile solutions. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center; Xinjiang University; 666 Shengli Road Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Pucha Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Technology, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 27 Taoyuan South Road Taiyuan 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Detecting Center; Xinjiang University; 666 Shengli Road Urumqi 830046 People's Republic of China
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34
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Fu Z, Liu B, Zhang H. Study on thermal oxidative stabilization reactions of poly(acrylonitrile- co
-itaconic acid) copolymers synthesized at different polymerization stages. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun 130022 China
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35
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Fu Z, Liu B, Sun L, Deng Y, Zhang H. Study on the multiple cyclization reactions and the formed structures in poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid) copolymers during thermal treatment. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Lihao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yunjiao Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering; Changchun University of Technology; Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science; Changchun 130022 China
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36
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization of Acrylonitrile under Irradiation of Blue LED Light. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 9:E4. [PMID: 30970681 PMCID: PMC6431850 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to unhealthy UV or γ-ray and high-energy-consumption thermal external stimuli, the promising light emitting diode (LED) external stimulus has some outstanding technological merits such as narrow wavelength distribution, low heat generation and energy consumption, and safety for human beings. In this work, a novel reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization system for acrylonitrile (AN) was developed under the irradiation of blue LED light at room temperature, using 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as a novel radical initiator and 2-cyanoprop-2-yl-1-dithionaphthalate (CPDN) as the typical chain transfer agent. Well-defined polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was successfully synthesized. This strategy may provide another effective method for scientific researchers or the industrial community to synthesize a PAN-based precursor of carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Huang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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