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Recupido F, Lama GC, Steffen S, Dreyer C, Seidlitz H, Russo V, Lavorgna M, De Luca Bossa F, Silvano S, Boggioni L, Verdolotti L. Efficient recycling pathway of bio-based composite polyurethane foams via sustainable diamine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115758. [PMID: 38128448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aminolysis is widely recognized as a valuable chemical route for depolymerizing polymeric materials containing ester, amide, or urethane functional groups, including polyurethane foams. Bio-based polyurethane foams, pristine and reinforced with 40 wt% of sustainable fillers, were depolymerized in the presence of bio-derived butane-1,4-diamine, BDA. A process comparison was made using fossil-derived ethane-1,2-diamine, EDA, by varying amine/polyurethane ratio (F/A, 1:1 and 1:0.6). The obtained depolymerized systems were analyzed by FTIR and NMR characterizations to understand the effect of both diamines on the degradation pathway. The use of bio-based BDA seemed to be more effective with respect to conventional EDA, owing to its stronger basicity (and thus higher nucleophilicity), corresponding to faster depolymerization rates. BDA-based depolymerized systems were then employed to prepare second-generation bio-based composite polyurethane foams by partial replacement of isocyanate components (20 wt%). The morphological, mechanical, and thermal conductivity properties of the second-generation polyurethane foams were evaluated. The best performances (σ10 %=71 ± 9 kPa, λ = 0.042 ± 0.015 W∙ m-1 ∙K-1) were attained by employing the lowest F/A ratio (1:0.6); this demonstrates their potential application in different sectors such as packaging or construction, fulfilling the paradigm of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Recupido
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, P.le. E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cesare Lama
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, P.le. E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Steffen
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Schmiedestrasse 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Christian Dreyer
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Schmiedestrasse 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Holger Seidlitz
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Schmiedestrasse 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marino Lavorgna
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, P.le. E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Luca Bossa
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, P.le. E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Silvano
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta, Italian National Research Council, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Boggioni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta, Italian National Research Council, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Letizia Verdolotti
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Italian National Research Council, P.le. E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
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Li X, Liu C, An X, Niu L, Feng J, Liu Z. Bio-Based Alkali Lignin Cooperative Systems for Improving the Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4709. [PMID: 38139960 PMCID: PMC10747791 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin was utilized as an environmentally friendly synergistic agent to augment the fire resistance and mechanical characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF)/melamine-formaldehyde resin ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP). The incorporation of lignin significantly enhanced the charring capability and flame retardancy of PUF/MFAPP. Specifically, PUF/MFAPP12/A-lignin3 exhibited a charring residue of 23.1% at 800 °C, accompanied by an increase in the limiting oxygen index (LOI) to 23.1%, resulting in a UL-94 V-0 rating. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) revealed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) values of PUF/MFAPP12/A-lignin3 were all lower than for pure PUF. MFAPP and alkali lignin exerted a noticeable influence on the physical and mechanical properties, leading to increases in density (35.4 kg/m3), thermal conductivity (32.68 mW/(m·K)), and compressive strength (160.5 kPa). Observations of the morphology and elemental composition of char residues after combustion indicated the formation of an intact, thick, and continuous char layer enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus elements, which acted as a protective shield for the underlying foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (C.L.); (X.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (C.L.); (X.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Xinyu An
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (C.L.); (X.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Niu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (C.L.); (X.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Jacko Feng
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (X.L.); (C.L.); (X.A.); (L.N.)
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Polaczek K, Kurańska M, Malewska E, Czerwicka-Pach M, Prociak A. From Bioresources to Thermal Insulation Materials: Synthesis and Properties of Two-Component Open-Cell Spray Polyurethane Foams Based on Bio-Polyols from Used Cooking Oil. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6139. [PMID: 37763416 PMCID: PMC10532658 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Open-cell spray polyurethane foams are widely used as highly efficient thermal insulation materials with vapor permeability and soundproofing properties. Unfortunately, for the production of commercial foams, mainly non-renewable petrochemical raw materials are used. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of completely replacing petrochemical polyols (the main raw material used in the synthesis of polyurethanes, alongside isocyanates) with bio-polyols obtained from used cooking oils, classified as waste materials. The research consisted of three stages: the synthesis of bio-polyols, the development of polyurethane foam systems under laboratory conditions, and the testing of developed polyurethane spray systems under industrial conditions. The synthesis of the bio-polyols was carried out by using two different methods: a one-step transesterification process using triethanolamine and a two-step process of epoxidation and opening oxirane rings with diethylene glycol. The obtained bio-polyols were analyzed using gel chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The developed polyurethane foam formulations included two types of fire retardants: halogenated tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and halogen-free triethyl phosphate (TEP). In the formulations of polyurethane systems, reactive amine catalysts were employed, which become incorporated into the polymer matrix during foaming, significantly reducing their emission after application. The foams were manufactured on both a laboratory and industrial scale using high-pressure spray machines under conditions recommended by commercial system manufacturers: spray pressure 80-100 bar, component temperature 45-52 °C, and component volumetric ratio 1:1. The open-cell foams had apparent densities 14-21.5 kg/m3, thermal conductivity coefficients 35-38 mW/m∙K, closed-cell contents <5%, water vapor diffusion resistance factors (μ) <6, and limiting oxygen indexes 21.3-21.5%. The properties of the obtained foams were comparable to commercial materials. The developed polyurethane spray systems can be used as thermal insulation materials for insulating interior walls, attics, and ceilings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Polaczek
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Kurańska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Malewska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Aleksander Prociak
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.)
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Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Based on Kraft Lignin Polyol Obtained by Oxyalkylation Using Propylene Carbonate. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop new rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) for thermal insulation based on kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulp and paper industry. Crude lignin-based polyol (LBP) was obtained via the oxyalkylation of kraft lignin using propylene carbonate (PC). A design of experiments (DoE) was used to evaluate the effect of the isocyanate (NCO)-to-hydroxyl (OH)-group’s ratio, the content of crude LBP, the blowing agent (BA), and catalyst on the thermal conductivity and density of RPUFs. Statistical analysis revealed that the increase in crude LBP and BA content in the formulation decreases the thermal conductivity and density of the foams. In addition, the fact that LBP is a viscous polyol containing PC-oligomers appears to affect the cellular structure of RPUFs, and consequently reduces their mechanical and thermal properties. The main novelty of this study consisted in the careful optimization of the formulation, namely, with regard to the type of blowing agent and with the high content of crude LBP obtained from the oxyalkylation of LignoBoost kraft lignin without purification to obtain good quality RPUF that meets market requirements for insulation materials.
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Wang J, Zhang C, Deng Y, Zhang P. A Review of Research on the Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4586. [PMID: 36365580 PMCID: PMC9654075 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main factors affecting the properties of polyurethane foams, and there are large differences in the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures. To understand the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of polyurethane foams in extreme environments, this paper systematically describes the research on the effect of mold temperature, raw material temperature, and environmental temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams in the formation and service stages of rigid polyurethane foams by domestic and foreign scholars, and summarizes the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams and the mechanism of action. A review of the literature shows that the effect of different temperatures on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foams can be summarized. The literature review shows that there are certain changes in the foaming process, pore structure, and mechanical properties of polyurethane foams at different temperatures, and the increase in temperature generally leads to the increase in pore size, decrease in density, and decrease in mechanical properties of polyurethane foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenxiao Zhang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Yellow River Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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6
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Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for the Mixture of Neohexane, Cyclopentane and N,N-Dimethylformamide at 101.3 kPa. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Guerrero‐Vaca G, Rodríguez‐Alabanda Ó, Ibáñez‐Ibáñez PF, Rodríguez‐Valverde MÁ. Advances in lubricated polydimethylsiloxane surfaces for polyurethane foam molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Francisco Ibáñez‐Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics (LSIP), Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez‐Valverde
- Laboratory of Surface and Interface Physics (LSIP), Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
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8
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Ates M, Karadag S, Eker AA, Eker B. Polyurethane foam materials and their industrial applications. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ates
- Atespolymer Research group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
- Nanochem Polymer Energy Company, Silahtaraga Mh., University 1st street, Number: 13/1 Z102, Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Selin Karadag
- Atespolymer Research group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
| | - Aysegul Akdogan Eker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Besiktas Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bulent Eker
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdag Turkey
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9
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Akdogan E, Erdem M. Improvement in physico-mechanical and structural properties of rigid polyurethane foam composites by the addition of sugar beet pulp as a reactive filler. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Yi S, Cho Y, Roh J. Improved dimensional stability of
water‐blown
polyurethane foam with aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Yi
- Research and Development TeamAXIA Materials Co., Ltd. Hwaseong‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Jun Cho
- Research and Development TeamAXIA Materials Co., Ltd. Hwaseong‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Sim Roh
- Department of Clothing and TextilesSangmyung University Seoul Republic of Korea
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11
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Chiacchiarelli LM, Cerrutti P, Flores‐Johnson EA. Compressive behavior of rigid polyurethane foams nanostructured with bacterial nanocellulose at low and intermediate strain rates. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Matías Chiacchiarelli
- Instituto de Tecnología de Polímeros y Nanotecnología (ITPN)CONICET‐UBA, Avda. Gral. Las Heras 2214 Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería MecánicaInstituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires, Avenue E. Madero 399 Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Patricia Cerrutti
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Emmanuel A. Flores‐Johnson
- CONACYT – Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo Merida 97205 Yucatan Mexico
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12
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Zhang C, Tong X, Deng C, Wen H, Huang D, Guo Q, Liu X. The foaming dynamic characteristics of polyurethane foam. J CELL PLAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x19864374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane foam is a kind of polymer composite material. The foaming turgidity and reaction temperature of polyurethane foam are closely related to its mechanical properties. According to our present knowledge, this study is the first time that fiber optic sensing technology has been applied to monitor the dynamics change in the foaming turgidity and reaction temperature of polyurethane foam during its preparation. The effects on the foaming expansion force, contractile force, and reaction temperature are studied through changing proportion of water among the ingredients of the polyurethane foam. The results have shown that the fiber optic Bragg grating wavelength varies due to the reaction temperature and foaming power. In the reaction process, the foaming expansion force can make the maximum wavelength change of fiber optic Bragg grating 1–3.5 nm, equivalent to 1000–3541 micro strain. And the highest temperature of the reaction was 42.6°C. The wavelength shifts of the fiber optic Bragg gratings were closely related to the reaction temperature and foaming power. The results show that fiber optic sensing technology can be used for the online kinetics monitoring of the reaction process of polyurethane foam plastics. The data obtained from the fiber optic Bragg grating could be used for the design and performance prediction of new polyurethane foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xinglin Tong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiao Wen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- International College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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13
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Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyurethanes made from cholic acid and l-lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Wang BB, Lai F, Zhang P. Facile preparation and tunable light shielding properties of the mechanical enhanced thermosetting polyurethanes. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2019; 6:085705. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab20a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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Pang X, Xin Y, Shi X, Xu J. Effect of different size‐modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, physical, and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Yan Pang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Ya‐Ping Xin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xiu‐Zhu Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Jian‐Zhong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
- Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Technology Research Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei ProvinceHebei University Baoding 071002 China
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16
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Akdogan E, Erdem M, Ureyen ME, Kaya M. Rigid polyurethane foams with halogen‐free flame retardants: Thermal insulation, mechanical, and flame retardant properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Akdogan
- Department of ChemistryEskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26480 Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Murat Erdem
- Department of ChemistryEskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26480 Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erdem Ureyen
- Civil Aviation Research CenterAnadolu University, Iki Eylul Campus, 26480 Eskisehir Turkey
- Faculty of Architecture and DesignEskisehir Technical University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470 Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Metin Kaya
- Arçelik A.Ş. Refrigerator Plant Eskişehir Turkey
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17
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Olietti A, Pargoletti E, Diona A, Cappelletti G. A novel optimized mold release oil-in-water emulsion for polyurethane foams production. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Li A, Yang DD, Li HN, Jiang CL, Liang JZ. Flame-retardant and mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane foam/MRP/mg(OH) 2
/GF/HGB composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Li
- School of Safety Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire control for Coal Mines (China University of Mining and Technology), Ministry of Education; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - D. D. Yang
- School of Safety Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire control for Coal Mines (China University of Mining and Technology), Ministry of Education; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - H. N. Li
- School of Safety Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire control for Coal Mines (China University of Mining and Technology), Ministry of Education; Xuzhou 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - C. L. Jiang
- School of Safety Engineering; China University of Mining and Technology; Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 People's Republic of China
| | - J. Z. Liang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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19
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Li L, Chen Y, Qian L, Xu B, Xi W. Addition flame-retardant effect of nonreactive phosphonate and expandable graphite in rigid polyurethane foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers; Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers; Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers; Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers; Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wang Xi
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers; Beijing 100048 China
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