1
|
Li D, Liang R, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Cai W. Preparation of silk fibroin-derived hydrogels and applications in skin regeneration. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2295. [PMID: 39139463 PMCID: PMC11319407 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare different methods of preparing silk fibroin hydrogels, then summarize the applications of silk fibroin hydrogel-based scaffolds in skin regeneration and finally discuss about future prospects to inspire people interested in this field. Methods A narrative review of the relevant papers was conducted. Notably, for applications in skin regeneration, this review provides a categorized summary and discussion of studies from the past decade. Results Silk fibroin is a naturally occurring, biocompatible biomaterial that is easily producible. Thanks to its exceptional processability, silk fibroin has found diverse applications in skin regeneration. These applications encompass sponges, fiber fabrics, thin films, and hydrogels. Hydrogels, in particular, are noteworthy due to their water-containing network structure, closely resembling natural tissues. They provide a biomimetic three-dimensional growth environment for cells and have the capacity to incorporate growth factors. Consequently, there are abundant studies of silk fibroin hydrogel-based scaffolds in skin regeneration. Besides, some commercialized medical devices are also made of silk fibroin. Conclusion Silk fibroin hydrogel could be prepared with multiple methods and it is widely used in constructing scaffolds for efficient skin regeneration. In the future, silk fibroin hydrogel-based skin scaffolds could be more biomimetic and smart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipeng Li
- Hangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Renjie Liang
- Department of Sports MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Singclean Medical Products Co. Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | - Yirong Wang
- Hangzhou Ninth People's HospitalHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Singclean Medical Products Co. Ltd.HangzhouChina
| | | | - Weibang Cai
- Hangzhou Singclean Medical Products Co. Ltd.HangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Giorgio G, Matera B, Vurro D, Manfredi E, Galstyan V, Tarabella G, Ghezzi B, D'Angelo P. Silk Fibroin Materials: Biomedical Applications and Perspectives. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:167. [PMID: 38391652 PMCID: PMC10886036 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The golden rule in tissue engineering is the creation of a synthetic device that simulates the native tissue, thus leading to the proper restoration of its anatomical and functional integrity, avoiding the limitations related to approaches based on autografts and allografts. The emergence of synthetic biocompatible materials has led to the production of innovative scaffolds that, if combined with cells and/or bioactive molecules, can improve tissue regeneration. In the last decade, silk fibroin (SF) has gained attention as a promising biomaterial in regenerative medicine due to its enhanced bio/cytocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the possibility to produce advanced medical tools such as films, fibers, hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, non-woven scaffolds, particles or composite materials from a raw aqueous solution emphasizes the versatility of SF. Such devices are capable of meeting the most diverse tissue needs; hence, they represent an innovative clinical solution for the treatment of bone/cartilage, the cardiovascular system, neural, skin, and pancreatic tissue regeneration, as well as for many other biomedical applications. The present narrative review encompasses topics such as (i) the most interesting features of SF-based biomaterials, bare SF's biological nature and structural features, and comprehending the related chemo-physical properties and techniques used to produce the desired formulations of SF; (ii) the different applications of SF-based biomaterials and their related composite structures, discussing their biocompatibility and effectiveness in the medical field. Particularly, applications in regenerative medicine are also analyzed herein to highlight the different therapeutic strategies applied to various body sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Giorgio
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Biagio Matera
- Center of Dental Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Vurro
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Center of Dental Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Vardan Galstyan
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarabella
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ghezzi
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Center of Dental Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Pasquale D'Angelo
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism-National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, You Y, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Li J. Manipulating supramolecular gels with surfactants: Interfacial and non-interfacial mechanisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102950. [PMID: 37352741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Gel is a class of self-supporting soft materials with applications in many fields. Fast, controllable gelation, micro/nano structure and suitable rheological properties are essential considerations for the design of gels for specific applications. Many methods can be used to control these parameters, among which the additive approach is convenient as it is a simple physical mixing process with significant advantages, such as avoidance of pH change and external energy fields (ultrasound, UV light and others). Although surfactants are widely used to control the formation of many materials, particularly nanomaterials, their effects on gelation are less known. This review summarizes the studies that utilized different surfactants to control the formation, structure, and properties of molecular and silk fibroin gels. The mechanisms of surfactants, which are interfacial and non-interfacial effects, are classified and discussed. Knowledge and technical gaps are identified, and perspectives for further research are outlined. This review is expected to inspire increasing research interest in using surfactants for designing/fabricating gels with desirable formation kinetics, structure, properties and functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Yue You
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque da Ciência e Tecnologia, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Photopolymerized silk fibroin gel for advanced burn wound care. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123569. [PMID: 36758758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The future of burn wound treatment lies in developing bioactive dressings for faster and more effective healing and regeneration. Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels have proven regenerative abilities and are being explored as a burn wound dressing. However, unfavorable gelation conditions limit the processability and clinical application. Herein a white light-responsive photopolymerization technique was adapted for gelation via photooxidation of tyrosine. To render the gel suitable for application to irregular and non-planar burn surfaces, SF gel-incorporated dressing (SFD) was fabricated. The mild gelation conditions using white light afforded the loading of drugs for local delivery. The moisture balance ability of the dressing was confirmed by the favorable measures of swelling capacity (106 ± 1 %) and moisture retention (≈10 h). The in vitro cytocompatibility of the gel was confirmed using HaCaT cells. Finally, in vivo performance of the SFD was tested on a second-degree burn in a rodent model. The gross analysis and histological assessment revealed scarless healing in SFD-treated groups. Overall, the SFD developed in this work is shown to be a promising candidate for advanced burn wound care.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Use of Bombyx mori silk fibroin in tissue engineering: From cocoons to medical devices, challenges, and future perspectives. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212982. [PMID: 35882138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin has become a prominent material in tissue engineering (TE) over the last 20 years with almost 10,000 published works spanning in all the TE applications, from skeleton to neuronal regeneration. Fibroin is an extremely versatile biopolymer that, due to its ease of processing, has enabled the development of an entire plethora of materials whose properties and architectures can be tailored to suit target applications. Although the research and development of fibroin TE materials and devices is mature, apart from sutures, only a few medical products made of fibroin are used in the clinical routines. <40 clinical trials of Bombyx mori silk-related products have been reported by the FDA and few of them resulted in a commercialized device. In this review, after explaining the structure and properties of silk fibroin, we provide an overview of both fibroin constructs existing in the literature and fibroin devices used in clinic. Through the comparison of these two categories, we identified the burning issues faced by fibroin products during their translation to the market. Two main aspects will be considered. The first is the standardization of production processes, which leads both to the standardization of the characteristics of the issued device and the correct assessment of its failure. The second is the FDA regulations, which allow new devices to be marketed through the 510(k) clearance by demonstrating their equivalence to a commercialized medical product. The history of some fibroin medical devices will be taken as a case study. Finally, we will outline a roadmap outlining what actions we believe are needed to bring fibroin products to the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- CNR nanotech, National Council of Research, University Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech research centre and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Badali E, Hosseini M, Varaa N, Mahmoodi N, Goodarzi A, Taghdiri Nooshabadi V, Hassanzadeh S, Arabpour Z, Khanmohammadi M. Production of uniform size cell-enclosing silk derivative vehicles through coaxial microfluidic device and horseradish crosslinking reaction. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
7
|
Malhotra D, Pan S, Rüther L, Schlippe G, Voss W, Germann N. Polysaccharide-based skin scaffolds with enhanced mechanical compatibility with native human skin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104607. [PMID: 34198231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a custom-made technique to synthesize process-convenient skin scaffolds by tuning the mechanical properties of hydrogels based on a few naturally occurring polysaccharides to match the rheological properties of previously established benchmarks, i.e., the ex vivo native human skins. We studied the mechanical parameters using oscillatory shear rheology. At small strain amplitudes, the intrinsic elastic modulus showed an almost linear dependence in the middle and a changing rate profile at the two ends with concentration of the principal hydrogel component variant, i.e., kappa (κ)-carrageenan. At large strain amplitudes, the hydrogels demonstrated intercycle strain-softening behavior, the onset of which was directly proportional to the κ-carrageenan concentration. We observed a concentration match for the intrinsic elastic modulus of the benchmark within this sigmoidal curve fit. Contextually, we need to explore other potent polymeric hydrogel systems to achieve mechanical affinity in terms of multiple rheological parameters derived from both strain amplitude and angular frequency sweeps. Additionally, we carried out diffusion experiments to study caffeine permeation attributes. The hydrogels show improved barrier features with increasing κ-carrageenan concentration. In terms of the penetration flux and total cumulative amount of permeated caffeine, this enhanced mechanical adherence demonstrates comparable penetration features with the commercial 3D skin model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Malhotra
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| | - Lars Rüther
- Dermatest GmbH, Engelstraße 37, Münster, 48143, Germany.
| | | | - Werner Voss
- Dermatest GmbH, Engelstraße 37, Münster, 48143, Germany.
| | - Natalie Germann
- Fluid Dynamics of Complex Biosystems, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng H, Zuo B. Functional silk fibroin hydrogels: preparation, properties and applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1238-1258. [PMID: 33406183 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the hydrogels prepared from silk fibroin have received immense research attention due to the advantages of safe nature, biocompatibility, controllable degradation and capability to combine with other materials. They have broad application prospects in biomedicine and other fields. However, the traditional silk protein hydrogels have a simple network structure and single functionality, thus, leading to poor adaptability towards complex application environments. As a result, the application fields and development have been significantly restricted. However, the development of functional silk protein hydrogels has provided the opportunities to overcome the limitations of the silk protein hydrogels. In recent years, the functional design of the silk protein hydrogels and their potential applications have attracted the attention of scholars worldwide. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review on functional silk protein hydrogels is missing so far. In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the development status of the functional silk protein hydrogels, this article reviews the current status of the preparation, properties and application of the functional silk protein hydrogels. The article first briefly introduces the current cross-linking methods (including physical and chemical cross-linking), principles, advantages and limitations of the silk protein hydrogels. Subsequently, the types of functional silk protein hydrogels (e.g., high strength, injectable, self-healing, adhesive, conductive, environmental stimuli-responsive, 3D printable, etc.) and design principles for functional implementation have been introduced. Next, based on the advantages of the various functional aspects of the silk protein hydrogels, the applications of these hydrogels in the biomedical field (tissue engineering, sustained drug release, wound repair, adhesives, etc.) and bioelectronics are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and challenges associated with silk protein functional hydrogels have been analyzed. It is hoped that this study will contribute towards the future innovation of the silk protein hydrogels by promoting the rational design of new mechanisms and successful realization of the target applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zheng
- School of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| | - Baoqi Zuo
- School of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang F, Liu K, Zhao M, Tao X, Hu X, Lu S. Tunable High-Molecular-Weight Silk Fibroin Polypeptide Materials: Fabrication and Self-Assembly Mechanism. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3248-3259. [PMID: 35025367 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a multisegment natural protein composed of a heavy (H) chain, a light (L) chain and a P25 glycoprotein chain. Herein, we developed a dialysis separation technique under reducing conditions to break the disulfide bond between the H-chain and L-chain and remove the low-molecular-weight portions of the protein. Thus, a high-molecular-weight silk fibroin polypeptide (HSF) material was obtained. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the molecular weight of HSF was over 80 kDa, similar to the size of the silk fibroin H-chain. Amino acid analysis result demonstrated that the amino acid composition of HSF was almost identical to that of H-chain composition. Importantly, the HSF material obtained has a high surface activity, which can reduce the surface tension of water to below 20 mN/m; at high temperature and high concentration, it can also form a unique nanofibrous network with a lamellar crystalline structure. HSF can further form a rod-shaped structure in a strong polar environment and become a star-shaped fibrous network in a weak polar environment. When the pH value of HSF solution was adjusted from 6 to 8, a structural transition from a folded crank sheet-like structure with micellar beads to a ring-like fibrous structure was observed. During the conversion of HSF from colloidal particles to nanofibers, its molecular conformation also transformed from random coils to β-sheets. These tunable properties indicate that HSF materials have a wide range of applications in biomedical and green chemistry fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaocheng Tao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Ding Z, Wang C, Chen X, Xu H, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Bioactive Silk Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical Properties. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2739-2746. [PMID: 30345058 PMCID: PMC6191054 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developing bioactive hydrogels with potential to guide the differentiation behavior of stem cells has become increasingly important in the biomaterials field. Here, silk hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties were developed by introducing inert silk fibroin nanofibers (SNF) within an enzyme crosslinked system of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF). After the crosslinking reaction of RSF, the inert SNF was embedded into the RSF hydrogel matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties. Tunable stiffness in the range of 9-60 KPa was achieved by adjusting the amount of the added NSF, significantly higher than SNF-free hydrogels formed under same conditions (about 1 KPa). In addition, the proliferation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the composite hydrogels and differentiated into endothelial cells, myoblast and osteoblast cells was improved, putatively due to the control of stiffness of the hydrogels. Bioactive and tunable silk-based hydrogels were prepared via a composite SNF and crosslinked RSF system, providing a new strategy to design silk biomaterials with tunable mechanical and biological performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|