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Szymanek I, Cvek M, Rogacz D, Żarski A, Lewicka K, Sedlarik V, Rychter P. Degradation of Polylactic Acid/Polypropylene Carbonate Films in Soil and Phosphate Buffer and Their Potential Usefulness in Agriculture and Agrochemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:653. [PMID: 38203826 PMCID: PMC10779558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) are currently in the phase of intensive study due to their promising properties and environmentally friendly features. Intensive study and further commercialization of PPC-based polymers or their blends, as usual, will soon face the problem of their waste occurring in the environment, including soil. For this reason, it is worth comprehensively studying the degradation rate of these polymers over a long period of time in soil and, for comparison, in phosphate buffer to understand the difference in this process and evaluate the potential application of such materials toward agrochemical and agricultural purposes. The degradation rate of the samples was generally accompanied by weight loss and a decrease in molecular weight, which was facilitated by the presence of PPC. The incubation of the samples in the aqueous media yielded greater surface erosions compared to the degradation in soil, which was attributed to the leaching of the low molecular degradation species out of the foils. The phytotoxicity study confirmed the no toxic impact of the PPC on tested plants, indicating it as a "green" material, which is crucial information for further, more comprehensive study of this polymer toward any type of sustainable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymanek
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.S.); (D.R.); (A.Ż.); (K.L.)
| | - Martin Cvek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.S.); (D.R.); (A.Ż.); (K.L.)
| | - Arkadiusz Żarski
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.S.); (D.R.); (A.Ż.); (K.L.)
| | - Kamila Lewicka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.S.); (D.R.); (A.Ż.); (K.L.)
| | - Vladimir Sedlarik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.S.); (D.R.); (A.Ż.); (K.L.)
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. Improvement of properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends using epoxy soybean oil as an efficient compatibilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127407. [PMID: 37832613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent. With the increase in the amount of ESO added to the blend (1- 5 phr), the complete decomposition temperature, storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, notched impact strength, and elongation at break of the blend all show a trend of continuous increase. At the same time, the melt flow rate, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the blend do not show significant fluctuations. When the amount of ESO in the system is 5 phr, compared with the PLA/PPC blend, the notched impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PPC/ESO blend increase from 4270.3 J/m2, 43.89 % to 8560.4 J/m2, 211.28 %, respectively, and its tensile strength and transmittance still remain around 63 MPa, 92 %. This improves the toughness of the blend while maintaining its rigidity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and optical properties. At this time, the microscopic morphology of the fracture surface of the impact sample also shows obvious characteristics of tough fracture. However, when the amount of ESO added to the blend is excessive (6 phr), the compatibility of the blending system decreases, which will degrade the performance of the blending material and ultimately destroy the phase morphology of the blend and reduce its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Yang H, Du J. Crystallinity, Rheology, and Mechanical Properties of Low-/High-Molecular-Weight PLA Blended Systems. Molecules 2023; 29:169. [PMID: 38202753 PMCID: PMC10780580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As semi-crystalline polyester (lactic acid) (PLA) is combined with other reinforcing materials, challenges such as phase separation, environmental pollution, and manufacturing difficulties could hinder the benefits of PLA, including complete biodegradability and strong mechanical properties. In the present investigation, melt blending is utilized to establish a mixture of low- and high-molecular-weight polylactic acids (LPLA and HPLA). The crystallinity, rheology, and mechanical properties of the combination were analyzed using rotational rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and universal testing equipment. The results demonstrate compatibility between LPLA and HPLA. Moreover, an increase in LPLA concentration leads to a decrease in the crystallization rate, spherulite size, fractional crystallinity, and XRD peak intensity during isothermal crystallization. LPLA acts as a diluent during isothermal crystallization, whereas HPLA functions as a nucleating agent in the non-isothermal crystallization process, promoting the growth of LPLA crystals and leading to co-crystallization. The blended system with a 5% LPLA mass fraction exhibits the highest tensile strength and enhances rheological characteristics. By effectively leveraging the relationship between various molecular weights of PLA's mechanical, rheological, and crystallization behavior, this scrutiny improves the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material, opening up new opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianghua Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials & Manufacturing Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Jin Y, Han C, Li Y, Cheng H, Li D, Wang H. Ternary Blends from Biological Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), Poly(propylene carbonate) and Poly(vinyl acetate) with Balanced Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4281. [PMID: 37959961 PMCID: PMC10650189 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) has gained significant attention because of its biodegradability and sustainability. However, its expanded application in some fields is limited by the brittleness and low melt viscoelasticity. In this work, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was introduced into PHBH/poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) blends via melt compounding with the aim of obtaining a good balance of properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis results suggested that PPC and PHBH were immiscible. PVAc was miscible with both a PHBH matrix and PPC phase, while it showed better miscibility with PHBH than with PPC. Therefore, PVAc was selectively localized in a PHBH matrix, reducing interfacial tension and refining dispersed phase morphology. The crystallization rate of PHBH slowed down, and the degree of crystallinity decreased with the introduction of PPC and PVAc. Moreover, the PVAc phase significantly improved the melt viscoelasticity of ternary blends. The most interesting result was that the remarkable enhancement of toughness for PHBH/PPC blends was obtained by adding PVAc without sacrificing the strength markedly. Compared with the PHBH/PPC blend, the elongation at the break and yield strength of the PHBH/PPC/10PVAc blend increased by 1145% and 7.9%, respectively. The combination of high melt viscoelasticity, toughness and strength is important for the promotion of the practical application of biological PHBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Changyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongda Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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Choo JE, Park TH, Jeon SM, Hwang SW. The Effect of Epoxidized Soybean Oil on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PBAT/PPC Blends by the Reactive Compatibilization. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2023; 31:1-15. [PMID: 37361351 PMCID: PMC10124934 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-023-02862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) multi-phase blends were prepared by melt processing technique under the presence of compatibilizer with various composition. The effect on the physical and the mechanical property with/without ESO was characterized with spectrophotometric analysis, mechanical properties, thermal properties, rheological properties and barrier properties, and the structure-properties relationship was assessed. The functional groups of PPC were found to effective to improve an interaction with carboxyl/hydroxyl group of PLA/PBAT binary blends to enhance the mechanical and physical properties on multi-phase blend system. The presence of PPC in PLA/PBAT blend affected the reduction of voids on the interface phase resulting in enhancing the oxygen barrier properties. With addition of ESO, the compatibility of ternary blend was found to be enhanced since the epoxy group of ESO reacted with the carboxyl/hydroxyl group of PLA, PBAT, and PPC, and under the condition with critical content of 4 phr of ESO, the elongation behavior dramatically increased as compared to that of blends without ESO while affecting reduction of oxygen barrier properties. The effect of ESO as a compatibilizer was clearly observed from the overall performances of ternary blends, and the potential feasibility of the PLA/PBAT/PPC ternary blends as packaging materials was confirmed at this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Choo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyeong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seon Mi Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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6
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Effects of different catalysts on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blend. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Mathew J, Das JP, TP M, Kumar S. Development of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) PBAT toughened poly (lactic acid) blends 3D printing filament. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194088. [PMID: 36236042 PMCID: PMC9573763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It was found that the grafting degree of PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers was increased to varying degrees after the introduction of comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA grafting reaction system. When St was used as the comonomer, the grafting degree of the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.8 to 1.6 phr. St as a comonomer also most improved the compatibility between PLA and PPC, and the haze of the blends was reduced while maintaining high transmittance. In addition, the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer with the introduction of St as a comonomer significantly improved the impact toughness of the blends, while the thermal stability and tensile strength of the blends remained largely unchanged.
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Song L, Li Y, Meng X, Wang T, Shi Y, Wang Y, Shi S, Liu LZ. Crystallization, Structure and Significantly Improved Mechanical Properties of PLA/PPC Blends Compatibilized with PLA-PPC Copolymers Produced by Reactions Initiated with TBT or TDI. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193245. [PMID: 34641060 PMCID: PMC8512864 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-Poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) block copolymer compatibilizers are produced in incompatible 70wt%PLA/PPC blend by initiating transesterification with addition of 1% of tetra butyl titanate (TBT) or by chain extension with addition of 2% of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The above blends can have much better mechanical properties than the blend without TBT and TDI. The elongation at break is dramatically larger (114% with 2% of TDI and 60% with 1% of TBT) than the blend without TDI and TBT, with a slightly lower mechanical strength. A small fraction of the copolymer is likely formed in the PLA/PPC blend with addition of TBT, and a significant amount of the copolymer can be made with addition of TDI. The copolymer produced with TDI has PPC as a major content (~70 wt%) and forms a miscible interphase with its own Tg. The crystallinity of the blend with TDI is significantly lower than the blend without TDI, as the PLA blocks of the copolymer in the interphase is hardly to crystallize. The average molecular weight increases significantly with addition of TDI, likely compensating the lower mechanical strength due to lower crystallinity. Material degradation can occur with addition of TBT, but it is very limited with 1% of TBT. However, compared with the blends without TBT, the PLA crystallinity of the blend with 1%TBT increases sharply during the cooling process, which likely compensates the loss of mechanical strength due to the slightly material degradation. The added TDI does not have any significant impact on PLA lamellar packing, but the addition of TBT can make PLA lamellar packing much less ordered, presumably resulted from much smaller PPC domains formed in the blend due to better compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Shenyang Advanced Coating Material Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110326, China;
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shengnan Shi
- Shenyang Advanced Coating Material Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110326, China;
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Jia S, Pan H, Wang L, Bian J, Guan Y, Li B, Zhang H, Yang H, Dong L. Effect of glycidyl methacrylate-grafted poly(ethylene octene) on the compatibility in PLA/PBAT blends and films. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nim B, Opaprakasit P. Quantitative analyses of products from chemical recycling of polylactide (PLA) by alcoholysis with various alcohols and their applications as healable lactide-based polyurethanes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119684. [PMID: 33770737 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling is a promising approach for converting post-consumer bio-plastics, especially polyesters, into small-sized starting materials for other value-added products. In this work, a process for alcoholysis of polylactide (PLA) by various alcohols has been developed. The products are then employed as bio-based polyols in the production of highly elastic polyurethanes (PUs) with self-healing properties. Various alcohols with three carbons in the structure but different numbers and nature of hydroxyl groups, i.e., 1,3-propanediol (PDO), propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol (Gly), were employed in the alcoholysis reaction with tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBT) as a catalyst, using a microwave reactor. Standard quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques have been developed for the characterization of the alcoholyzed PLA products, in terms of compositions, reaction yields, and structural fractions, by employing ATR-FTIR, 2D-NMR, 1H NMR, and GC-MS spectroscopy. A mixture of hydroxyl-capped lactate sequences with different lengths was achieved as alcoholyzed PLA products, which are classified as mono-lactates, dilactates, and poly-lactates. The smallest mono-lactate is a major product for all systems, indicating that the developed process, which employs a microwave reactor, has high efficiency in the cleaving of ester bonds in long PLA chains (also at short reaction times). The yield of the mono-lactates decreases when the PLA/alcohol feed ratios were changed from 1:1 to 4:1 wt/wt, while those of the dilactates and poly-lactates increase. At similar PLA/alcohol feed ratios, the reactivity of different hydroxyls in the cleaving of the ester bonds of PLA is compared by examining the compositions of the alcoholyzed products generated when different numbers and nature of hydroxyls participate in the reaction (nucleophilicity and functionality). This provides insights into the reaction mechanisms, which are essential in determining the reaction conditions for effectively designing a process to obtain products with specific structures and properties for further use in specific applications. Additionally, lactide can be directly obtained from the alcoholysis reaction, whose content is strongly dependent on the PLA/alcohol feed ratios. The products obtained from the PG reaction was selected as a potential candidate for use as the polyol starting material for preparing highly-elastic PUs. The resulting PU products show a low modulus comparable to rubber materials, with high elongation at break, which is suitable for use as toughness-enhancement agents for other polyesters, or as functional biomaterials. The materials exhibit excellent healing property, and further enhancements in the tensile strength and modulus after heat treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunthoeun Nim
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
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Zuo H, Liu J, Huang D, Bai Y, Cui L, Pan L, Zhang K, Wang H. Sustainable and high‐performance ternary blends from polylactide,
CO
2
‐based polyester and microbial polyesters with different chemical structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zuo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Juyang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Dong Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | | | - Liang Cui
- Polyolefin Research Department Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute Beijing China
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
| | - Huaiyuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Dong X, Liu L, Wang Y, Li T, Wu Z, Yuan H, Ma P, Shi D, Chen M, Dong W. The compatibilization of poly (propylene carbonate)/poly (lactic acid) blends in presence of core-shell starch nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Wu D, Huang A, Fan J, Xu R, Liu P, Li G, Yang S. Effect of blending procedures and reactive compatibilizers on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of Joncryl ADR®-4368 (abbreviated ADR) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blend was investigated. Two different blending procedures were adopted: (1) one-step blending of all components for 8 min; (2) premixing of PBAT and ADR (or DCP) for 4 min followed by addition of PLA blending for 4 min. ADR and DCP were effective compatibilizers for the PBAT/PLA blend by one-step blending which were confirmed by improving the phase interface between PBAT and PLA, decreasing the dispersed phase size, increasing the elasticity, viscosity and tensile strength. Moreover, the addition of ADR into PBAT/PLA blend by two-step blending was more efficient than the one-step blending based on refined morphology and further increased tensile properties. The two-step blending was beneficial to produce a larger amount of PBAT-graft-PLA (PBAT-g-PLA) copolymers at the phase interface. However, DCP was added to the PBAT/PLA blend by the two-step blending which showed lower properties than one-step blending. DCP triggered free branching reactions in a fast way. Based on the character of compatibilizers, choosing properly blending procedures can enlarge the tensile properties. These results would be interesting for industrial polymer materials, and may be importance to the wider practical application of PBAT/PLA blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Anping Huang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
| | - Jie Fan
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
| | - Renwei Xu
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
| | - Shiyuan Yang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center, Petrochemical Research Institute , PetroChina , Lanzhou 730060 , China
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15
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Jiang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Shi D, Liu Z, Yang M. Super-Toughed PLA Blown Film with Enhanced Gas Barrier Property Available for Packaging and Agricultural Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101663. [PMID: 31121860 PMCID: PMC6567083 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) holds enormous potential as an alternative to the ubiquitous petroleum-based plastics to be used in packaging film and agricultural film. However, the poor viscoelastic behavior and its extremely low melt strength means it fails to meet the requirements in film blowing processing, which is the most efficient film processing method with the lowest costs. Also, the PLA’s brittleness and insufficient gas barrier properties also seriously limit PLA’s potential application as a common film material. Herein, special stereocomplex (SC) networks were introduced to improve the melt strength and film blowing stability of PLA; polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced to improve PLA’s toughness and gas barrier properties. Compared with neat poly(l-lactide) acid (PLLA), modified PLA is stable in the film blowing process and its film elongation at break increases more than 18 times and reaches over 250%, and its O2 permeability coefficient decreased by 61%. The resulting film material also has good light transmittance, which has great potential for green packaging applications, such as disposable packaging and agricultural films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cong Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dawei Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Preparation of chlorinated poly(propylene carbonate) and its effects on the mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/starch blends as a compatibilizer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Huang H, Chen L, Song G, Tang G. An efficient plasticization method for poly(lactic acid) using combination of liquid-state and solid-state plasticizers. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Huang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Haidian District Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Guolin Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Haidian District Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guoyi Tang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tsinghua University; Haidian District Beijing 100084 China
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18
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Wang W, Ying J, Wang J. The reactive compatibilization effect of copolymer macroactivator for immiscible anionic polyamide 6/polystyrene blends via in situ
polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ying
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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19
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Muthuraj R, Mekonnen T. Recent progress in carbon dioxide (CO2) as feedstock for sustainable materials development: Co-polymers and polymer blends. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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