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Yang H, Du J. Composites made of Ginkgo biloba fibers and polylactic acid exhibit non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127232. [PMID: 37793533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer crystallization affects material microstructure and the final product quality, and the crystallization kinetics that govern this process are critical. In this study, alkali-treated Ginkgo biloba fibers (GFs) were melt blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to obtain GF/PLA blends. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the GF/PLA composites were subsequently investigated using the Avrami, Jeziorny, Ozawa, and Liu-Mo methods, and the crystallization activation energies of the systems were calculated by Kissinger and Friedman models. The results showed that the GFs significantly promoted PLA crystallization, accelerated the crystallization rate, and shortened the crystallization time. The Avrami method showed some deviation from the linear relationship due to the effect of secondary crystallization, while the numeric value obtained by the Jeziorny method increased with the cooling rate. The Ozawa method could only be used in a very narrow range of temperatures, while the Liu-Mo method showed a more desirable fit. Crystallization activation energy calculations showed that the GFs promoted an increase in the crystallization capacity of the blend and a decrease in the effective potential barrier. This resulted in more selective biocomposites than pure PLA, offering greater applicability in domains including tissue engineering and 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianghua Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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2
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Mokrane N, Kaci M, Lopez-Cuesta JM, Dehouche N. Combined Effect of Poly(lactic acid)-Grafted Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer and Halloysite Nanotubes on Morphology and Properties of Polylactide/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6438. [PMID: 37834577 PMCID: PMC10573863 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the global challenge of plastic pollution, the development of new bioplastics to replace conventional polymers has become a priority. It is therefore essential to achieve a balance in the performances of biopolymers in order to improve their commercial availability. In this topic, this study aims to investigate the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) (at a ratio of 75/25 (w/w)) blends reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and compatibilized with poly(lactic acid)-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA). HNTs and PLA-g-MA were added to the polymer blend at 5 and 10 wt.%, respectively, and everything was processed via melt compounding. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that HNTs are preferentially localized in PHBHHx nodules rather than in the PLA matrix due to its higher wettability. When HNTs are combined with PLA-g-MA, a finer and a more homogeneous morphology is observed, resulting in a reduction in the size of PHBHHx nodules. The presence of HNTs in the polymer blend improves the impact strength from 12.7 to 20.9 kJ/mm2. Further, with the addition of PLA-g-MA to PLA/PHBHHX/HNT nanocomposites, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength all improve significantly, rising from roughly 42 MPa, 14.5%, and 20.9 kJ/mm2 to nearly 46 MPa, 18.2%, and 31.2 kJ/mm2, respectively. This is consistent with the data obtained via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The thermal stability of the compatibilized blend reinforced with HNTs is also improved compared to the non-compatibilized one. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of combining HNTs and PLA-g-AM for the properties enhancement of PLA/PHBHHx blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawel Mokrane
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Mustapha Kaci
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France
| | - Nadjet Dehouche
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Avancés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Béjaïa 06000, Algeria; (N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
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Masarra NA, Quantin JC, Batistella M, El Hage R, Pucci MF, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Influence of Polymer Processing on the Double Electrical Percolation Threshold in PLA/PCL/GNP Nanocomposites. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9231. [PMID: 36501934 PMCID: PMC9738525 DOI: 10.3390/s22239231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the double electrical percolation threshold was obtained in polylactide (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composite systems, prepared by compression moulding and fused filament fabrication (FFF). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the localisation of the GNP, as well as the morphology of PLA and PCL phases, were evaluated and correlated with the electrical conductivity results estimated by the four-point probe method electrical measurements. The solvent extraction method was used to confirm and quantify the co-continuity in these samples. At 10 wt.% of the GNP, compression-moulded samples possessed a wide co-continuity range, varying from PLA55/PCL45 to PLA70/PCL30. The best electrical conductivity results were found for compression-moulded and 3D-printed PLA65/PCL35/GNP that have the fully co-continuous structure, based on the experimental and theoretical findings. This composite owns the highest storage modulus and complex viscosity at low angular frequency range, according to the melt shear rheology. Moreover, it exhibited the highest char formation and polymers degrees of crystallinity after the thermal investigation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The effect of the GNP content, compression moulding time, and multiple twin-screw extrusion blending steps on the co-continuity were also evaluated. The results showed that increasing the GNP content decreased the continuity of the polymer phases. Therefore, this work concluded that polymer processing methods impact the electrical percolation threshold and that the 3D printing of polymer composites entails higher electrical resistance as compared to compression moulding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcos Batistella
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Roland El Hage
- Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N (EDST), Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Shen P, Cheng Z, Chu C, Xue F, Bai J. Preparation of 4D printed peripheral vascular stent and its degradation behavior under fluid shear stress after deployment. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2302-2314. [PMID: 35373795 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Shape memory stents are mild intervention devices for vascular diseases as compared to balloon-dilated ones; however, their degradation behavior under blood shear stress after deployment also deserves further attention. To understand the degradation behavior, we first prepared 4D printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stents via 3D printing technology and studied their failure behavior in a dynamic condition after self-expandable deployment. Mechanical property tests showed that the 4D printed stents had a compression force of 0.06-0.39 N mm-1 and a recovery ratio of 85.3-93.4%, respectively, which was verified to be wall thickness dependent. The stents were then implanted in simulated blood vessels with minimal microstructural damage at 60 °C followed by 8-week degradation tests. The results showed the microstructure damage caused by deployment could accelerate the degradation of stents faster than fluid shear stress. Furthermore, we conducted microstructural analysis and numerical simulation on the stent by finite element analysis (FEA) to explain the relationship between stent injury, vascular injury, and stent deployment temperature. A physical model derived from micro-morphologies on the degradation mechanism of PLA was also proposed. These results may provide new insights for the examination of the degradation behavior of 4D printed stents and minimize medical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiqi Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglin Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Jiangning, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
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Fabrication of PLA/PCL/Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) Electrically Conductive Circuit Using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D Printing Technique. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030762. [PMID: 35160709 PMCID: PMC8836401 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of fabricating electrically conductive composites via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique whose properties were compared with injection-moulded properties, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed with different contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The wettability, morphological, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of the 3D-printed samples were investigated. The microstructural images showed the selective localization of the GNPs in the PCL nodules that are dispersed in the PLA phase. The electrical resistivity results using the four-probes method revealed that the injection-moulded samples are insulators, whereas the 3D-printed samples featuring the same graphene content are semiconductors. Varying the printing raster angles also exerted an influence on the electrical conductivity results. The electrical percolation threshold was found to be lower than 15 wt.%, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was found to be lower than 10 wt.%. Furthermore, the 20 wt.% and 25 wt.% GNP composites were able to connect an electrical circuit. An increase in the Young’s modulus was shown with the percentage of graphene. As a result, this work exhibited the potential of the FFF technique to fabricate biodegradable electrically conductive PLA-PCL-GNP composites that can be applicable in the electronic domain.
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Effects of Rutile-TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Accelerated Weathering Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051096. [PMID: 32403372 PMCID: PMC7285358 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of accelerated weathering on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and a PLA nanocomposite with rutile titanium (IV) dioxide (rutile–TiO2) was investigated. The accelerated weathering test applied consecutive steps of ultraviolet (UV) (at 340 nm and 0.76 W m−2 irradiance) and moisture at 50 °C for 2000 h, following the ASTM D4329 standard. The morphology, chemical structure, molecular weight, crystallization, as well as mechanical and thermal properties were thoroughly studied. Samples were characterized after 500 h, 1000 h and 2000 h exposure. Different degradation mechanisms were proposed to happen during the weathering exposure and confirmed based on the experimental data. The PLA and PLA/TiO2 surfaces presented holes and increasing roughness over the exposure time. The molecular weight of the weathered samples decreased due to chain scission during the degradation processes. Thermal stability decreased in the presence of TiO2 and a double melting peak was observed for the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite. A general improvement in the mechanical properties of the PLA/TiO2 nanocomposite was observed over time during the accelerated weathering analysis up to 1000 h of exposure time. After 2000 h of weathering exposure, the PLA and PLA/TiO2 became extremely brittle and lost their ductile properties. This was ascribed to a significant increase in the degree of crystallinity upon weathering, which was accelerated in the presence of TiO2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) using amplitude modulation–frequency modulation (AM–FM) tool confirmed the mechanical changes in the surface area of the PLA samples after accelerated weathering exposure. The stiffness and Young’s modulus achieved higher values than the unweathered ones up to 1000 h of exposure time. The changes in the physical and chemical properties of PLA/TiO2 over the ageing time confirm the photocatalytic activity of rutile–TiO2.
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8
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Shen X, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang G. Synthesis of Poly(isosorbide carbonate) via Melt Polycondensation Catalyzed by a KF/MgO Catalyst. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pandey AK, Katiyar V, Sasaki S, Sakurai S. Accelerated crystallization of poly(l-lactic acid) by silk fibroin nanodisc. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Patwa R, Saha N, Sáha P, Katiyar V. Biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) and lactic acid oligomer‐grafted bacterial cellulose: It's preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Patwa
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India
- Centre of Polymer SystemsUniversity Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Nabanita Saha
- Centre of Polymer SystemsUniversity Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sáha
- Centre of Polymer SystemsUniversity Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín Tř. T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín Czech Republic
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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Balali S, Davachi SM, Sahraeian R, Shiroud Heidari B, Seyfi J, Hejazi I. Preparation and Characterization of Composite Blends Based on Polylactic Acid/Polycaprolactone and Silk. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4358-4369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Balali
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razi Sahraeian
- Composites Department, Faculty of Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975/112, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Shiroud Heidari
- Applied Science Nano Research Group, ASNARKA, Tehran, Iran
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Javad Seyfi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 36155-163, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Iman Hejazi
- Applied Science Nano Research Group, ASNARKA, Tehran, Iran
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