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Naweephattana P, Walaijai K, Rungnim C, Luanphaisarnnont T, Watthanaphanit A, Patthamasang S, Phiriyawirut P, Surawatanawong P. The role of organoaluminum and electron donors in propene insertion on the Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11050-11059. [PMID: 38885064 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl aluminium plays a primary role in activating Ti within Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts for propylene polymerization. We performed density functional calculations to explore the additional roles of AlEt3 and AlEt2Cl, in conjunction with diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) internal donor and dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilane (DCPDMS) external donor, to enhance the stereoselectivity of propene insertion. Based on our calculated adsorption energies on the (MgCl2)13/TiCl2iBu cluster model for the ZN catalyst, the presence of DIBP on the cluster essentially facilitated AlEt2Cl adsorption while AlEt2Cl also promoted the adsorption of DIBP. The reaction between AlEt3 and DIBP on the cluster led to the extraction of DIBP, creating an available site for DCPDMS adsorption. While the stereoselectivity, represented by the difference in the activation energies between 1,2-re and 1,2-si insertions of propene, was negligible on the cluster containing only DIBP, it became significant on the clusters containing both AlEt2Cl and DIBP (and DCPDMS). AlEt2Cl plays a pivotal role in imposing steric effects near the Ti active site, thereby increasing stereoselectivity. Our findings suggest the importance of including AlEt2Cl alongside DIBP (and DCPDMS) in the ZN cluster model to investigate stereoselective propene insertion. Considering AlEt2Cl adsorption and AlEt3 reaction with internal donors is essential in developing Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phiphob Naweephattana
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Khanittha Walaijai
- SCG Chemicals, Co., Ltd., 1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Chompoonut Rungnim
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Torsak Luanphaisarnnont
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Anyarat Watthanaphanit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Feng H, Li C, Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang S, Xu X, Song Z. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Effect of Dioldibenzoate Isomers on the Performance of Polypropylene Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:559. [PMID: 38399937 PMCID: PMC10892235 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the comprehensive effect of different 3,5-heptanedioldibenzoate (HDDB) optical isomers as the internal electron donor on the catalytic performance of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The experimental catalytic activity of HDDB has a positive correlation with the relative content of the mesomer incorporated during catalyst preparation, while the hydrogen response of HDDB displayed a negative correlation with the relative content of the mesomer. In order to apply the DFT calculation results to the macroscopic activity of the catalyst, the content of the active centers of the catalyst was analyzed. Assuming that the content of the active centers is proportional to the internal electron donor content of the catalyst, binary linear regression was carried out, which showed a good linear correlation between experimental activity data and internal electron donor content. Furthermore, the fitted activity of the single active centers aligned well with the calculated activation energies. These results revealed that the catalytic activity of polypropylene (PP) catalysts is dependent on both the active center content and the catalytic activity of an individual active center. Additionally, the lower hydrogen response of HDDB leads to a higher molecular weight of polypropylene obtained from the RS-containing catalyst compared to the SS-containing catalyst. Further study reveals that the hydrogen transfer reactions of 2,4-pentanediol dibenzoate (PDDB)/HDDB are influenced by the orientation of the methyl/ethyl groups in different isomers, which affect the activation energy differences between the hydrogen transfer reaction and the propylene insertion reaction, and finally influence the molecular weight of PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Feng
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Changxiu Li
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Junling Zhou
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- Division of Polypropylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xiangya Xu
- Division of Catalytic Science, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Division of Polyethylene Research, SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
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Barabanov AA, Vereykina VV, Matsko MA, Zakharov VA. Propylene polymerization over titanium–magnesium catalysts: The effect of internal and external stereoregulating donors on the number of active centers with different stereospecificity and their reactivity in propagation reaction. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Paghadar BR, Sainani JB, M. SK, Bhagavath P. Internal donors on supported Ziegler Natta catalysts for isotactic polypropylene: a brief tutorial review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe scientific and technical advances in the field of polymer science has been abundant in recent years. Amongst the various polymeric materials available in market, synthesis of polyolefins has been in the forefront since decades. A major challenge in this domain remains in attaining stereoregular polyolefins especially polypropylene (PP) and significant efforts were carried out by synthesizing various internal donors (ID) aiding the catalysts involved in producing them. This short review gives an overview of i) various generations of Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst systems ii) general classes of ID that has been demonstrated by the researchers over the past decades iii) their influence on PP isotacticity and polymer properties. The coordination modes of different donor classes on supported ZN system and comparative study especially between phthalate and diether ID classes were also addressed here. This review also presents the studies carried out on phthalate catalyst structure analysis, detailed comparison study on phthalate and diether IDs in terms of PP isotacticity, regioselectivity, hydrogen response, and also their cross combination study and competitive behavior. Further a brief description on other structurally varied IDs like malonates, maleates, silyl diol esters, bifunctional donors, multi ether donors demonstrated for isotactic PP were also presented. Studies conducted on compatibility of incorporation of two different classes of IDs on a single supported ZN system for the fundamental understanding of the catalyst behavior; and also on how mixed donor approach enables in tuning the catalyst for polymer properties were also presented. This review also provides an opportunity to the young minds and the basic researchers from academic point of view by and large to create new polymeric materials with useful properties or modify the existing materials for new applications by incorporating new IDs for further improvisation of the stereo regularity in obtaining the polymers.
Graphic Abstract
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Zheng W, Zhao Y, Han M, Zhou C, He A. Regulation of alkoxysilane on stereoregular polymerization of Butene-1 catalyzed by TiCl4/MgCl2 Ziegler-Natta catalysts. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Akram MA, Liu X, Jiang B, Zhang B, Ali A, Fu Z, Fan Z. Effect of alkylaluminum cocatalyst on ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and active center distribution of MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1892495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Akram
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiyu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Progress in MgCl2 supported Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polyolefin products and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jandaghian MH, Maddah Y, Nikzinat E, Masoori M, Sepahi A, Rashedi R. Investigation of the effects of heat treatment parameters during synthesis of titanium-magnesium-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1845097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Jandaghian
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
| | - Yasaman Maddah
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nikzinat
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
| | - Maryam Masoori
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
| | - Abdolhannan Sepahi
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
| | - Reza Rashedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Research and Development Center, Jam Petrochemical Company, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asaluyeh, Iran
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Ali A, Liu X, Guo Y, Akram MA, Wu H, Liu W, Khan A, Jiang B, Fu Z, Fan Z. Kinetics and mechanism of ethylene and propylene polymerizations catalyzed with ansa-zirconocene activated by borate/TIBA. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Polymerization Kinetics of Propylene with the MgCl2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts—Active Centers with Different Tacticity and Fragmentation of the Catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumawat J, Gupta VK. Fundamental aspects of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta olefin polymerization catalysis: an experimental and computational overview. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00753f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an internal/external donor containing MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst is one of the important processes for polyolefin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai-400701
- India
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Zhang Z, Jiang BY, Zhang B, Fu ZS, Fan ZQ. Deactivation Effect Caused by Catalyst-Cocatalyst Pre-contact in Propylene Polymerization with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta Catalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jiang B, He F, Yang P, Zhang Z, Weng Y, Cheng Z, Fu Z, Fan Z. Enhancing stereoselectivity of propylene polymerization with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts by electron donor: Strong effects of titanium dispersion state. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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