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Toledano O, Gálvez O, Sanz M, Garcia Arcos C, Rebollar E, Nogales A, García-Gutiérrez MC, Santoro G, Irska I, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Ezquerra TA. Study of the Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Bonding during Cold Crystallization of Poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). Macromolecules 2024; 57:2218-2229. [PMID: 38495385 PMCID: PMC10938886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a detailed description of the in situ isothermal crystallization of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PTF) as revealed by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS). From FTIR experiments, the evolution of hydrogen bonding with crystallization time can be monitored in real time, while from GIWAXS, crystal formation can be followed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to simulate FTIR spectra for different theoretical structures, enabling a precise band assignment. In addition, based on DFT ab initio calculations, the influence of hydrogen bonding on the evolution with crystallization time can be understood. Moreover, from DFT calculations and comparison with both FTIR and GIWAXS experiments, a crystalline structure of poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) is proposed. Our results demonstrate that hydrogen bonding is present in both the crystalline and the amorphous phases and its rearrangement can be considered as a significant driving force for crystallization of poly(alkylene 2,5-furanoate)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Toledano
- CICECO
− Aveiro Institute of Materials, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Gálvez
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Sanz
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia Arcos
- Depto.
Física Interdisciplinar, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Fac. Ciencias Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto
de Química Física Blas Cabrera, IQF-CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Cruz García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 19, PL 70310 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto
de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- NANOesMAT,
UNED, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEM y el IQF, Av. de Esparta s/n, 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
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Paszkiewicz S, Irska I, Zubkiewicz A, Walkowiak K, Rozwadowski Z, Dryzek J, Linares A, Nogales A, Ezquerra TA. Supramolecular structure, relaxation behavior and free volume of bio-based poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)- block-poly(caprolactone) copolyesters. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:959-972. [PMID: 36633480 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a fully plant-based sustainable copolyester series, namely poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-block-poly(caprolactone)s (PBF-block-PCL)s were successfully synthesized by melt polycondensation combining butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate with polycaprolactone diol (PCL) at different weight ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that only PBF underwent melting, crystallization from the melt, and cold crystallization. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed outstanding thermal stability, exceeding 305 °C, with further improvement in thermal and thermo-oxidative stability with increasing PCL content. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) revealed that at low temperatures, below the glass transition (Tg) all copolyesters exhibited two relaxation processes (β1 and β2), whereas the homopolymer PBF exhibited a single β-relaxation, which is associated with local dynamics of the different chemical bonds present in the polymer chain. Additionally, it was proved that an increase in PCL content affected the dynamics of the chain making it more flexible, thus providing an increase in the value of the room temperature free volume fractions (fv) and the value of elongation at break. These effects are accompanied by a decrease in hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength. The described synthesis enables a facile approach to obtain novel fully multiblock biobased copolyesters based on PBF and PCL polyesters with potential industrial implementation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Zubkiewicz
- Department of Physics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 48, PL-70311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Walkowiak
- Department of Materials Technologies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastow 19, PL-70310 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Rozwadowski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Al. Piastów 42, PL-71065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Dryzek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Cracow, Poland
| | - Amelia Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Tiberio A Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Gálvez O, Toledano O, Hermoso FJ, Linares A, Sanz M, Rebollar E, Nogales A, García-Gutiérrez MC, Santoro G, Irska I, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Ezquerra TA. Inter and intra molecular dynamics in Poly(trimethylene 2,5-furanoate) as revealed by infrared and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopies. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Functional Properties of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)-Block-Poly(Caprolactone) Based Nanocomposites Containing Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO). NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101459. [PMID: 31618891 PMCID: PMC6836181 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a study on the influence of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the functional properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)-block-poly(caprolactone) (PTT-block-PCL-T) (75/25 wt.%/wt.%) copolymer, obtained from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 1,3-biopropanediol and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) via in situ polymerization. The article presents, if and how the reduction of graphene oxide, in comparison to the non-reduced one, can affect morphological, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. SEM examination confirms/reveals the homogeneous distribution of GO/rGO nanoplatelets in the PTT-block-PCL-T copolymer matrix. More than threefold increase in the value of the tensile modulus is achieved by the addition of 1.0 wt.% of GO and rGO. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the GO and rGO-based nanocomposites are also improved. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicates that the incorporation of GO and rGO has a remarkable impact on the crystallinity of the nanocomposites (an increase of crystallization temperature up to 58 °C for nanocomposite containing 1.0 wt.% of GO is observed). Therefore, the high performances of the PTT-block-PCL-T-based nanocomposites are mainly attributed to the uniform dispersion of nanoplatelets in the polymer matrix and strong interfacial interactions between components.
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