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Shiroud Heidari B, Lopez EM, Chen P, Ruan R, Vahabli E, Davachi SM, Granero-Moltó F, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Zheng M, Doyle B. Silane-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles incorporated into polydioxanone/poly(lactide- co-caprolactone) creates a novel toughened nanocomposite with improved material properties and in vivo inflammatory responses. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100778. [PMID: 37664796 PMCID: PMC10474235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interface tissue between bone and soft tissues, such as tendon and ligament (TL), is highly prone to injury. Although different biomaterials have been developed for TL regeneration, few address the challenges of the TL-bone interface. Here, we aim to develop novel hybrid nanocomposites based on poly(p-dioxanone) (PDO), poly(lactide-co-caprolactone) (LCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles suitable for TL-bone interface repair. Nanocomposites, containing 3-10% of both unmodified and chemically modified hydroxyapatite (mHA) with a silane coupling agent. We then explored biocompatibility through in vitro and in vivo studies using a subcutaneous mouse model. Through different characterisation tests, we found that mHA increases tensile properties, creates rougher surfaces, and reduces crystallinity and hydrophilicity. Morphological observations indicate that mHA nanoparticles are attracted by PDO rather than LCL phase, resulting in a higher degradation rate for mHA group. We found that adding the 5% of nanoparticles gives a balance between the properties. In vitro experiments show that osteoblasts' activities are more affected by increasing the nanoparticle content compared with fibroblasts. Animal studies indicate that both HA and mHA nanoparticles (10%) can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines after six weeks of implantation. In summary, this work highlights the potential of PDO/LCL/HA nanocomposites as an excellent biomaterial for TL-bone interface tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shiroud Heidari
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Emma Muinos Lopez
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Peilin Chen
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rui Ruan
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Vahabli
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Cell Therapy Area, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, IDISNA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena M. De-Juan-Pardo
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barry Doyle
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Recent advances in 3D-printed polylactide and polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:930-968. [PMID: 35896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate cytoarchitecture, function-structure hierarchy, multi-cellular tissues in the complicated micro-environment, patient-specific scaffolds, and medical devices. There is an increasing demand for developing 3D-printed products that can be utilized for organ transplantations due to the organ shortage. Nowadays, the 3DP has gained considerable interest in the tissue engineering (TE) field. Polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are exemplary biomaterials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, which have drawn notable attraction in tissue regeneration. Herein, the recent advancements in the PLA and PCL biodegradable polymer-based composites as well as their reinforcement with hydrogels and bio-ceramics scaffolds manufactured through 3DP are systematically summarized and the applications of bone, cardiac, neural, vascularized and skin tissue regeneration are thoroughly elucidated. The interaction between implanted biodegradable polymers, in-vivo and in-vitro testing models for possible evaluation of degradation and biological properties are also illustrated. The final section of this review incorporates the current challenges and future opportunities in the 3DP of PCL- and PLA-based composites that will prove helpful for biomedical engineers to fulfill the demands of the clinical field.
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PLA/Hydroxyapatite scaffolds exhibit in vitro immunological inertness and promote robust osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimuli. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2333. [PMID: 35149687 PMCID: PMC8837663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology and size of bone damage in a patient-specific and high-precision manner. However, FDM still suffers from the lack of materials capable of efficiently supporting osteogenesis. In this study, we developed 3D-printed porous scaffolds composed of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composites with high ceramic contents (above 20%, w/w) by FDM. The mechanical properties of the PLA/HA scaffolds were compatible with those of trabecular bone. In vitro degradation tests revealed that HA can neutralize the acidification effect caused by PLA degradation, while simultaneously releasing calcium and phosphate ions. Importantly, 3D-printed PLA/HA did not induce the upregulation of activation markers nor the expression of inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells thus exhibiting no immune-stimulatory properties in vitro. Evaluations using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed that pure PLA scaffolds exerted an osteoconductive effect, whereas PLA/HA scaffolds efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation of MSC even in the absence of any classical osteogenic stimuli. Our findings indicate that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds loaded with high concentrations of HA are most suitable for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Nazir F, Abbas L, Iqbal M. A comparative insight into the mechanical properties, antibacterial potential, and cytotoxicity profile of nano-hydroxyapatite and nano-whitlockite-incorporated poly-L-lactic acid for bone tissue engineering. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nazir F, Iqbal M. Comparative Study of Crystallization, Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Nanocomposites at Low Filler Loadings of Hydroxyapatite for Bone-Tissue Engineering Based on Poly(l-lactic acid)/Cyclo Olefin Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3865. [PMID: 34833163 PMCID: PMC8619963 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(l-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) scaffold works as a bioactive, osteoconductive scaffold for bone-tissue engineering, but its low degradation rate limits embedded HA in PLLA to efficiently interact with body fluids. In this work, nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was added in lower filler loadings (1, 5, 10, and 20 wt%) in a poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer10 wt% (PLLA/COC10) blend to obtain novel poly(l-lactic acid)/cyclo olefin copolymer/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/COC10-nHA) scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration and repair. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of PLLA/COC10-nHA (ternary system) nanocomposites in comparison with PLLA/nHA (binary system) nanocomposites was systematically studied. Nanocomposites were evaluated for structural (morphology, crystallization), thermomechanical properties, antibacterial potential, and cytocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering applications. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that PLLA/COC10-nHA had uniform morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles up to 10% of HA, and the overall nHA dispersion in matrix was better in PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies confirmed miscibility and transformation of the α-crystal form of PLLA to the ά-crystal form by the addition of nHA in all nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity (%) in the case of PLLA/COC10-nHA 10 wt% was 114% higher than pure PLLA/COC10 and 128% higher than pristine PLLA, indicating COC and nHA are acting as nucleating agents in the PLLA/COC10-nHA nanocomposites, causing an increase in the degree of crystallinity (%). Moreover, PLLA/COC10-nHA exhibited 140 to 240% (1-20 wt% HA) enhanced mechanical properties in terms of ductility as compared to PLLA/nHA. Antibacterial activity results showed that 10 wt% HA in PLLA/COC10-nHA showed substantial activity against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes. In vitro cytocompatibility of PLLA/COC10 and PLLA nanocomposites with nHA osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) was evaluated. Both cell lines showed two- to three-fold enhancement in cell viability and 10- to 30-fold in proliferation upon culture on PLLA/COC10-nHA as compared to PLLA/nHA composites. It was observed that the ternary system PLLA/COC10-nHA had good dispersion and interfacial interaction resulting in improved thermomechanical and enhanced osteoconductive properties as compared to PLLA/nHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
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Effect of In-Mold Annealing on the Properties of Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends Incorporated with Nanohydroxyapatite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162835. [PMID: 34451374 PMCID: PMC8398253 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper choice of a material system for bioresorbable synthetic bone graft substitutes imposes strict requirements for mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. This study aims to characterize the effect of in-mold annealing on the properties of nanocomposite systems based on asymmetric poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/Poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) blends at 5 wt.% PDLA loading, which was incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) at various concentrations (1, 5, 10, 15 wt.%). Samples were melt-blended and injection molded into “cold” mold (50 °C) and hot mold (100 °C). The results showed that the tensile modulus, crystallinity, and thermal-resistance were enhanced with increasing content of HA and blending with 5 wt.% of PDLA. In-mold annealing further improved the properties mentioned above by achieving a higher degree of crystallinity. In-mold annealed PLLA/5PDLA/15HA samples showed an increase of crystallinity by ~59%, tensile modulus by ~28%, and VST by ~44% when compared to neat hot molded PLLA. On the other hand, the % elongation values at break as well as tensile strength of the PLLA and asymmetric nanocomposites were lowered with increasing HA content and in-mold annealing. Moreover, in-mold annealing of asymmetric blends and related nanocomposites caused the embrittlement of material systems. Impact toughness, when compared to neat cold molded PLLA, was improved by ~44% with in-mold annealing of PLLA/1HA. Furthermore, fracture morphology revealed fine dispersion and distribution of HA at 1 wt.% concentration. On the other hand, HA at a high concentration of 15 wt.% show agglomerates that worked as stress concentrators during impact loading.
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Liu C, Qiao W, Wang C, Wang H, Zhou Y, Gu S, Xu W, Zhuang Y, Shi J, Yang H. Effect of poly (lactic acid) porous membrane prepared via phase inversion induced by water droplets on 3T3 cell behavior. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2205-2214. [PMID: 34087303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phase inversion induced by water droplets has garnered attention in the field of polymer science as a novel method for preparing porous membranes. This study investigates the effect of the porous structure of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) membranes prepared through phase inversion induced by water droplets at four different temperatures (25, 50, 75, and 100 °C) on the morphology and proliferation of 3T3 cells. The surface properties of the PLA porous membrane, including pore size, pore size distribution, surface roughness, surface hydrophilicity, and cytocompatibility with 3T3 cells, were evaluated. The results indicated that the synthesized PLA membrane had two surfaces with different structures. The upper surface in contact with the water droplets during preparation contained uniformly distributed micropores, whereas the bottom surface was smooth and composed of small particles in contacted with the mold. The upper surface showed high cytocompatibility with 3T3 cells, and the 3T3 cells migrated and grew within the pores at 25 °C. In contrast, the bottom surface exhibited low biocompatibility with the 3T3 cells. Our study has wide-ranging implications and will improve the fabrication and implementation of 3D cultured scaffolds with excellent cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Liu
- College of material science and engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Chaorong Wang
- College of material science and engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- College of material science and engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Shaojin Gu
- College of material science and engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- College of material science and engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional New Textile Materials of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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8
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Synergistic reinforcing of poly(lactic acid) by poly(butylene adipate‐
co
‐terephthalate) and alumina nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Effect of Formulation Variables on the Performance of Doxycycline-Loaded PLA Microsphere. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rocha CR, Chávez‐Flores D, Zuverza‐Mena N, Duarte A, Rocha‐Gutiérrez BA, Zaragoza‐Contreras EA, Flores‐Gallardo S. Surface organo‐modification of hydroxyapatites to improve
PLA
/
HA
compatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen R. Rocha
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Campus Universitario No. 2, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - David Chávez‐Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Campus Universitario No. 2, C.P. 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Nubia Zuverza‐Mena
- Analytical Chemistry DepartmentThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington St., New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Alma Duarte
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
| | | | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza‐Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
| | - Sergio Flores‐Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C. Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Chihuahua, Chihuahua Mexico
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Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived Calcium Hydroxyapatite Coatings Fabricated on Patterned Rough Stainless Steel Surface. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sol-gel derived calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; CHA) thin films were deposited on stainless steel substrates with transverse and longitudinal patterned roughness employing a spin-coating technique. Each layer in the preparation of CHA multilayers was separately annealed at 850 °C in air. Fabricated CHA coatings were placed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2, 3, and 4 weeks and investigated after withdrawal. For the evaluation of obtained and treated with SBF coatings, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and contact angle measurements were used. The tribological properties of the CHA coatings were also investigated in this study.
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