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Gupta RK, Imran A, Khan A. Anionic Effect on Electrical Transport Properties of Solid Co 2+/3+ Redox Mediators. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1436. [PMID: 38794629 PMCID: PMC11124796 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell, a fast-ion conducting (σ25°C > 10-4 S cm-1) solid redox mediator (SRM; electrolyte) helps in fast dye regeneration and back-electron transfer inhibition. In this work, we synthesized solid Co2+/3+ redox mediators using a [(1 - x)succinonitrile: x poly(ethylene oxide)] matrix, LiX, Co(tris-2,2'-bipyridine)3(bis(trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide)2, and Co(tris-2,2'-bipyridine)3(bis(trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide)3 via the solution-cast method, and the results were compared with those of their acetonitrile-based liquid counterparts. The notation x is a weight fraction (=0, 0.5, and 1), and X represents an anion. The anion was either bis(trifluoromethyl) sulfonylimide [TFSI-; ionic size, 0.79 nm] or trifluoromethanesulfonate [Triflate-; ionic size, 0.44 nm]. The delocalized electrons and a low value of lattice energy for the anions made the lithium salts highly dissociable in the matrix. The electrolytes exhibited σ25°C ≈ 2.1 × 10-3 (1.5 × 10-3), 7.2 × 10-4 (3.1 × 10-4), and 9.7 × 10-7 (6.3 × 10-7) S cm-1 for x = 0, 0.5, and 1, respectively, with X = TFSI- (Triflate-) ions. The log σ-T-1 plot portrayed a linear curve for x = 0 and 1, and a downward curve for x = 0.5. The electrical transport study showed σ(TFSI-) > σ(Triflate-), with lower activation energy for TFSI- ions. The anionic effect increased from x = 0 to 1. This effect was explained using conventional techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.); (A.K.)
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Boukayouht K, Bazzi L, Daouli A, Maurin G, El Hankari S. Ultrarapid and Sustainable Synthesis of Trimetallic-Based MOF (CrNiFe-MOF) from Stainless Steel and Disodium Terephthalate-Derived PET Wastes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2497-2508. [PMID: 38178626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Designing easy and sustainable strategies for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) from organic and inorganic wastes with the efficient removal of phosphate from water remains a challenge. The majority of the reported works have utilized costly precursors and nonsoluble ligands for the synthesis of MOFs. Herein, we have developed a low-cost, simple, and sustainable alternative approach using the coprecipitation method in water at room temperature for the synthesis of a new adsorbent-based trimetallic MOF. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and stainless steel wastes were used as sources of water-soluble disodium terephthalate ligand and three metallic species (chromium, nickel, and iron salts) for the fabrication of trimetallic MOF (CrNiFe-MOF), respectively. The newly developed MOF demonstrates a superior space-time yield of 5760 g m-3 day-1, reaching a level allowing the industrialization production of this sustainable MOF. The scanning electron microscopy and adsorption studies revealed that the developed trimetallic MOF consists of aggregated nanoparticles and the presence of defective as well as mesoporous structures. This MOF showed an enhanced adsorption capacity of phosphate from real eutrophic water samples and higher stability in a range of pHs. The density functional theory calculations evidenced that the phosphate ions preferentially adsorb over H2O toward the metal oxo-trimers, with the adsorption energies increasing from H3PO4 to PO43- species in line with an improvement of the adsorption performance of CrNiFe-MOF when the pH increases, i.e., when HPO42- and PO43- become more predominant. These calculations also supported that the incorporation of Cr metal sites in the oxo-trimer is expected to boost the phosphate affinity of the MOF. Finally, our work provides an easy and eco-friendly approach for MOF designing to enhance phosphate removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaireddin Boukayouht
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Loubna Bazzi
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Daouli
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Samir El Hankari
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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3
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Sustainable synthesis of metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials from organic and inorganic wastes. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Su H, Li T, Wang S, Zhu L, Hu Y. Low-temperature upcycling of PET waste into high-purity H 2 fuel in a one-pot hydrothermal system with in situ CO 2 capture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130120. [PMID: 36265384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and improper disposal of a large amount of plastic waste have exacerbated the deterioration of the global ecosystem and environment. To simplify the complex management system and alleviate the environmental impact of plastic wastes, this study reports a novel one-pot hydrothermal conversion strategy for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), integrating three steps, namely depolymerization, subsequent in-situ aqueous phase reforming, and in-situ CO2 capture. Here, the PET waste was converted directly into the clean high-purity H2 fuel and the disodium terephthalate (Na2-TPA). A high yield of H2 at 23.7 mol/kgPET with ca. 99 % of H2 concentration was obtained at a temperature as low as 240 °C. The feasibility of this strategy in handling real-world PET plastic wastes was demonstrated through a series of tests on beverage bottles, food packaging, and polyester fabric waste. The Na2-TPA crystals produced from the proposed PET conversion system exhibited purity close to that of the standard sample, and thus had the potential to be directly used as an electrode material. Overall, this strategy provides an efficient way to transform PET waste into high-value products and improves the sustainability of the PET waste disposal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lingjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanjun Hu
- Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Gupta RK, Shaikh H, Imran A, Bedja I, Ajaj AF, Aldwayyan AS. Electrical Transport, Structural, Optical and Thermal Properties of [(1- x)Succinonitrile: xPEO]-LiTFSI-Co(bpy) 3(TFSI) 2-Co(bpy) 3(TFSI) 3 Solid Redox Mediators. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1870. [PMID: 35567039 PMCID: PMC9101716 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The solar cell has been considered one of the safest modes for electricity generation. In a dye-sensitized solar cell, a commonly used iodide/triiodide redox mediator inhibits back-electron transfer reactions, regenerates dyes, and reduces triiodide into iodide. The use of iodide/triiodide redox, however, imposes several problems and hence needs to be replaced by alternative redox. This paper reports the first Co2+/Co3+ solid redox mediators, prepared using [(1−x)succinonitrile: xPEO] as a matrix and LiTFSI, Co(bpy)3(TFSI)2, and Co(bpy)3(TFSI)3 as sources of ions. The electrolytes are referred to as SN_E (x = 0), Blend 1_E (x = 0.5 with the ethereal oxygen of the PEO-to-lithium ion molar ratio (EO/Li+) of 113), Blend 2_E (x = 0.5; EO/Li+ = 226), and PEO_E (x = 1; EO/Li+ = 226), which achieved electrical conductivity of 2.1 × 10−3, 4.3 × 10−4, 7.2 × 10−4, and 9.7 × 10−7 S cm−1, respectively at 25 °C. Only the blend-based polymer electrolytes exhibited the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher-type behavior (vitreous nature) with a required low pseudo-activation energy (0.05 eV), thermal stability up to 125 °C, and transparency in UV-A, visible, and near-infrared regions. FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrated the interaction between salt and matrix in the following order: SN_E < Blend 2_E < Blend 1_E << PEO_E. The results were compared with those of acetonitrile-based liquid electrolyte, ACN_E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamid Shaikh
- SABIC Polymer Research Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Idriss Bedja
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abrar Fahad Ajaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (A.S.A.)
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta RK, Shaikh H, Imran A, Bedja I, Aldwayyan AS. Tetramethyl Succinonitrile as a Solid Plasticizer in a Poly(Ethylene Oxide) 8 -LiI-I 2 Solid Polymer Electrolyte. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100764. [PMID: 35086162 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising alternative to the commercially available amorphous silicon-based solar cell because of several advantageous properties. A DSSC with a fast ion conducting solid polymer electrolyte is required for the arid atmosphere of Gulf countries. In this work, we have proposed a new matrix, poly(ethylene oxide)-tetramethyl succinonitrile blend to synthesize a blend-LiI-I2 solid polymer electrolyte for the DSSC application. The tetramethyl succinonitrile is a member of plastic crystal with a solid-solid phase transition temperature of approximately 71 °C and melting temperature of approximately 170.5 °C. Its molar fraction, 0.1-0.15 is sufficient enough for synthesizing a polymer electrolyte with electrical conductivity of more than 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature. This electrolyte shows Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher type behavior with a low value (∼0.083 eV) of pseudo-activation energy for easy ion transport. The results of FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and DSC studies reveal the plasticizing effect of tetramethyl succinonitrile to form an amorphous phase. This electrolyte results in a ∼661% gain in JSC and thereby a ∼552% gain in the cell efficiency (∼3.5%) with respect to the DSSC prepared with the tetramethyl succinonitrile-free electrolyte. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Shaikh
- SABIC Polymer Research Center, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Idriss Bedja
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Dong S, Cai W, Xia J, Sheng L, Wang W, Liu H. Aggregation kinetics of fragmental PET nanoplastics in aqueous environment: Complex roles of electrolytes, pH and humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115828. [PMID: 33120151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation kinetics of fragmental polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics under various chemistry conditions in aqueous environment were firstly investigated in this work. The aggregation of PET nanoplastics increased with increasing electrolyte concentrations and decreasing solution pH, which became stronger with the presence of divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+ and Mg2+) than that of monovalent cations (e.g. Na+ and K+). The effect of cations with the same valence on the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was similar. The measured critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) for PET nanoplastics at pH 6 were 55.0 mM KCl, 54.2 mM NaCl, 2.1 mM CaCl2 and 2.0 mM MgCl2, which increased to 110.4 mM NaCl and 5.6 mM CaCl2 at pH 10. In addition, the aggregation of PET nanoplastics was significantly inhibited with the presence of humic acid (HA), and the CCC values increased to 558.8 mM NaCl and 12.3 mM CaCl2 (1 mg L-1 HA). Results from this study showed that the fragmental PET nanoplastics had the quite higher CCC values and stability in aqueous environment. In addition, the aggregation behaviors of PET nanoplastics can be successfully predicted by the Derjguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunan Dong
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Wangwei Cai
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jihong Xia
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Liting Sheng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Weimu Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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