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Lorero I, Rodríguez Á, Campo M, Prolongo SG. Development of an Electroactive and Thermo-Reversible Diels-Alder Epoxy Nanocomposite Doped with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4715. [PMID: 38139966 PMCID: PMC10747943 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacturing of Diels-Alder (D-A) crosslinked epoxy nanocomposites is an emerging field with several challenges to overcome: the synthesis is complex due to side reactions, the mechanical properties are hindered by the brittleness of these bonds, and the content of carbon nanotubes (CNT) added to achieve electroactivity is much higher than the percolation thresholds of other conventional resins. In this work, we develop nanocomposites with different D-A crosslinking ratios (0, 0.6, and 1.0) and CNT contents (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 wt.%), achieving a simplified route and avoiding the use of solvents and side reactions by selecting a two-step curing method (100 °C-6 h + 60 °C-12 h) that generates the thermo-reversible resins. These reversible nanocomposites show ohmic behavior and effective Joule heating, reaching the dissociation temperatures of the D-A bonds. The fully reversible nanocomposites (ratio 1.0) present more homogeneous CNT dispersion compared to the partially reversible nanocomposites (ratio 0.6), showing higher electrical conductivity, as well as higher brittleness. For this study, the nanocomposite with a partially reversible matrix (ratio 0.6) doped with 0.7 CNT wt.% was selected to allow us to study its new smart functionalities and performance due to its reversible network by analyzing self-healing and thermoforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lorero
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Mónica Campo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia G. Prolongo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; (Á.R.); (M.C.)
- Instituto de Tecnologías Para la Sostenibilidad, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Jiang Z, Fang D, Liang Y, He Y, Einaga H, Shangguan W. Catalytic degradation of benzene over non-thermal plasma coupled Co-Ni binary metal oxide nanosheet catalysts. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 132:1-11. [PMID: 37336600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been demonstrated as one of the promising technologies that can degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under ambient condition. However, one of the key challenges of VOCs degradation in NTP is its relatively low mineralization rate, which needs to be addressed by introducing catalysts. Therefore, the design and optimization of catalysts have become the focus of NTP coupling catalysis research. In this work, a series of two-dimensional nanosheet Co-Ni metal oxides were synthesized by microwave method and investigated for the catalytic oxidation of benzene in an NTP-catalysis coupling system. Among them, Co2Ni1Ox achieves 60% carbon dioxide (CO2) selectivity (SCO2) when the benzene removal efficiency (REbenzene) reaches more than 99%, which is a significant enhancement compared with the CO2 selectivity obtained without any catalysts (38%) under the same input power. More intriguingly, this SCO2 is also significantly higher than that of single metal oxides, NiO or Co3O4, which is only around 40%. Such improved performance of this binary metal oxide catalyst is uniquely attributed to the synergistic effects of Co and Ni in Co2Ni1Ox catalyst. The introduction of Co2Ni1Ox was found to promote the generation of acrolein significantly, one of the key intermediates found in NTP alone system reported previously, suggest the benzene ring open reaction is promoted. Compared with monometallic oxides NiO and Co3O4, Co2Ni1Ox also shows higher active oxygen proportion, better oxygen mobility, and stronger low-temperature redox capability. The above factors result in the improved catalytic performance of Co2Ni1Ox in the NTP coupling removal of benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Dongxu Fang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaoyu He
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hisahiro Einaga
- Department of Energy and Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Wenfeng Shangguan
- Research Center for Combustion and Environmental Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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3
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Wang J, Li J, Zhang J, Liu S, Wan L, Liu Z, Huang F. High-Performance Reversible Furan-Maleimide Resins Based on Furfuryl Glycidyl Ether and Bismaleimides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3470. [PMID: 37631526 PMCID: PMC10459929 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two reversible furan-maleimide resins, in which there are rigid -Ph-CH2-Ph- structures and flexible -(CH2)6- structures in bismaleimides, were synthesized from furfuryl glycidyl ethers (FGE), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bismaleimide (DBMI), and N,N'-hexamethylene-bismaleimide (HBMI). The structures of the resins were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the thermoreversibility was evidenced using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, as well as the sol-gel transformation process. Mechanical properties and recyclability of the resins were preliminarily evaluated using the flexural test. The results show the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction occurs at about 90 °C and the reversible DA reaction occurs at 130-140 °C for the furan-maleimide resin. Thermally reversible furan-maleimide resins have high mechanical properties. The flexural strength of cured FGE-ODA-HBMI resin arrives at 141 MPa. The resins have a repair efficiency of over 75%. After being hot-pressed three times, two resins display flexural strength higher than 80 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jixian Li
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Liqiang Wan
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Zuozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
- Huachang Polymers Co., Ltd., East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.W.); (S.L.)
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Preparation and properties of self-healing tung oil-based polymer networks driven by thermo-reversible Diels–Alder reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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5
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Thermally remendable, weldable, and recyclable epoxy network crosslinked with reversible Diels-alder bonds. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Marotta A, Salzano de Luna M, D'Avino A, Fornaro M, Filippone G, Ambrogi V. Mechanical properties and reprocessability of
Diels‐Alder
‐based reversible networks from furan‐modified resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marotta
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Martina Salzano de Luna
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Amalia D'Avino
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Mattia Fornaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Giovanni Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials, and Production Engineering (INSTM Consortium−UdR Naples) University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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7
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Liu R, Wang P, Tian Y, Luo Z. Preparation and properties of diolefin rubber based on dynamically reversible bonding crosslinking. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
- Guizhou Province Engineering Laboratory for Rubber Composites, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang PR China
| | - Pingyin Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Yaozhu Tian
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang China
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Sreehari H, Gopika V, Jayan JS, Sethulekshmi A, Saritha A. A comprehensive review on bio epoxy based IPN: Synthesis, properties and applications. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang H, Xu J, Xing D, Du X, Wang H, Du Z, Cheng X. Healable and reprocessable silica/poly(oxime‐urethane) composite elastomer with high mechanical robustness and exceptional damage‐tolerant capacity. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Junhuai Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Shandong Weigao Group Medical Polymer Company Limited Weihai China
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Thermally remendable bismalemide-MWCNT/DA-epoxy nanocomposite via Diels-Alder bonding. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Sun W, Luo J, Zhang L, Liang Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, Zheng Y, Cheng Y. Healable epoxy‐based dielectric semi‐interpenetrating networks with different degrees of cross‐linking. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
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Briou B, Améduri B, Boutevin B. Trends in the Diels-Alder reaction in polymer chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11055-11097. [PMID: 34605835 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is regarded as quite a useful strategy in organic and macromolecular syntheses. The reversibility of this reaction and the advent of self-repair technology, as well as other applications in controlled macromolecular architectures and crosslinking, have strongly boosted the research activity, which is still attracting a huge interest in both academic and industrial research. The DA reaction is a simple and scalable toolbox. Though it is well-established that furan/maleimide is the most studied diene/dienophile couple, this perspective article reports strategies using other reversible systems with deeper features on other types of diene/dienophile pairs being either petro-sourced (cyclopentadiene, anthracene) or bio-sourced (muconic and sorbic acids, myrcene and farnesene derivatives, eugenol, cardanol). This review is composed of four sections. The first one briefly recalls the background on the DA reactions involving cyclodimerizations, dienes, and dienophiles, parameters affecting the reaction, while the second part deals with the furan/maleimide reaction. The third one deals with petro-sourced and bio-sourced (or products becoming bio-sourced) reactants involved in DA reactions are also listed and discussed. Finally, the authors' opinion is given on the potential future of the crosslinking-decrosslinking reaction, especially regarding the process (e.g., key temperatures of decrosslinking) or possibly monocomponents. It presents both fundamental and applied research on the DA reaction and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Briou
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bernard Boutevin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Shooshtary Veisi S, Yousefi M, Amini M, Shakeri A, Bagherzadeh M, Afghahi SS. Magnetic properties, structural studies and microwave absorption performance of Ba0.5Sr0.5CuxZrxFe12-2xO19/Poly Ortho-Toluidine (X = 0.2,0.4, 0.6, 0.8) ceramic nanocomposites. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Soares FA, Steinbüchel A. Enzymatic and Chemical Approaches for Post-Polymerization Modifications of Diene Rubbers: Current state and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100261. [PMID: 34528407 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diene rubbers are polymeric materials which present elastic properties and have double bonds in the macromolecular backbone after the polymerization process. Post-polymerization modifications of rubbers can be conducted by enzymatic or chemical methods. Enzymes are environmentally friendly catalysts and with the increasing demand for rubber waste management, biodegradation and biomodifications have become hot topics of research. Some rubbers are renewable materials and are a source of organic molecules, and biodegradation can be conducted to obtain either oligomers or monomers. On the other hand, chemical modifications of rubbers by click-chemistry are important strategies for the creation and combination of new materials. In a way to expand the scope of uses to other non-traditional applications, several and effective modifications can be conducted with diene rubbers. Two groups of efficient tools, enzymatic, and chemical modifications in diene rubbers, are summarized in this review. By analyzing stereochemical and reactivity aspects, the authors also point to some applications perspectives for biodegradation products and to rational modifications of diene rubbers by combining both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciela Arenhart Soares
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
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Wang L, Yan S, Zhang L, Mai Y, Li W, Pang H. An Acid-/Base-Degradable Epoxy Resin Cured by 1,3,5-Triacroylamino-hexahydro-s-triazine Derivative. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang S, Zhao J, Chen S, Zhao J. Flexible Self-healing Cross-linked Polyamides Synthesized Through Bulk Michael Addition, Polycondensation, and Diels-Alder Reaction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Farooq U, Teuwen J, Dransfeld C. Toughening of Epoxy Systems with Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN): A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091908. [PMID: 32847125 PMCID: PMC7564612 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are widely used for different commercial applications, particularly in the aerospace industry as matrix carbon fibre reinforced polymers composite. This is due to their excellent properties, i.e., ease of processing, low cost, superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, a pure epoxy system possesses some inherent shortcomings, such as brittleness and low elongation after cure, limiting performance of the composite. Several approaches to toughen epoxy systems have been explored, of which formation of the interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) has gained increasing attention. This methodology usually results in better mechanical properties (e.g., fracture toughness) of the modified epoxy system. Ideally, IPNs result in a synergistic combination of desirable properties of two different polymers, i.e., improved toughness comes from the toughener while thermosets are responsible for high service temperature. Three main parameters influence the mechanical response of IPN toughened systems: (i) the chemical structure of the constituents, (ii) the toughener content and finally and (iii) the type and scale of the resulting morphology. Various synthesis routes exist for the creation of IPN giving different means of control of the IPN structure and also offering different processing routes for making composites. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art on toughening of epoxy matrix system through formation of IPN structure, either by using thermoplastics or thermosets. Moreover, the potential of IPN based epoxy systems is explored for the formation of composites particularly for aerospace applications.
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